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表1 离婚案件的结果
表2 1950-1990年松江县民事案件分类及离婚案件所占全部民事案件百分比
来源:数据由松江县法院提供
注:数据反映给定年份的收案数而非结案数
a. 八十年代的案件中本项作“宅基地”
表3 1950-1985年奉贤县民事案件分类表以及婚姻案件所占民事案件总数百分比
来源:《奉贤县法院志》, 1986: 94-95.
注:数据反映给定年份的结案数而非收案数
a. 八十年代的案件中本项作“宅基地”
【注释】
1 在中国国内主张西方式现代化抑或偏重“本土资源”的双方也许最清楚地体现了这种二元对立的倾向。张文显(2001)是现代主义立场的一个例子,梁治平(1996)和苏力(1996)代表了“后现代主义-本土主义”的观点。田成有(1996)对中国法学界所特有的焦虑做了比较贴切的剖析。。
2 当代中国的法律有时候将“家庭法”从“民法”中分离出来,这一相对狭义的民法概念可见于1986年《民法通则》。另一方面,在实践之中民事法庭一般同时处理婚姻、离婚和其它家庭案件。本文中“民法”一词采取的是广义的用法,也是以1900年德国民法典为蓝本的国民党民法典的用法。
3 熟悉布迪厄著作的读者知道本文这里使用的术语“实践”和“实践的逻辑”的出处。布迪厄使用这类概念旨在摆脱客观主义和主观主义、结构主义和意志主义之间的二元对立,但他未能成功地将自己的观点运用到他对Kabylia农民的研究中(Bourdieu,1977:114-58),其进路主要是结构性和共时性的,而不是将实践视为历时性的过程。我本人则倾向于将实践当作历史过程来研究——无需讳言这种倾向部分地出自一个历史学家的偏向。
4 Clarke (1991)和Lubman (1999:第8,9章)指出了“调解”一词的复杂涵义。