英文介绍中医
When a disease occurs, there must be its
abnormal outward manifestations from which the
pathological changes may be inferred, as is
stated in Danxi's Experience on Medicine 疾病发生时必有相关( DanxiXin Fa) , "To want knowing the internal 的病理改变引起的异常外conditions of the body, the external 在表现，正如《丹溪心法》manifestations of the body should be observed ; 所指出的：“欲知其内者，to diagnose the external parts of the body may 当以观乎外，诊于外者，also know the internal conditions. That is 斯以知其内，盖有诸内者because the internal conditions of the body are 形诸外。”四诊可以从不always reflected on the exterior of the body".The 同角度检查和了解病理状four diagnostic methods examine and learn about 态，找出病因和病机，从the pathological conditions from different angle 而为辨证论治提供基础。and aspect and find out the etiology and 四诊相互联系、相互补充，pathogenesis, thereby providing the basis for 不能相互分离，每一部分TDS. The four methods are related to and 都有其特殊的功能，不可supplement one another. They cannot be separated 代替。在临床实践中，只from one another, each having its specific 有将四诊有机联系，才能function that cannot be substituted for the 全面了解疾病。因此，才others. In clinical practice, only when the four 能做出正确的诊断。 techniques are organically combined can a
disease be understood all-sidedly. Thus, a
correct diagnosis can be made.
1. Inspection 1.望
Inspection is the first diagnostic procedure 望诊是诊断的首要程by which the physician may observe the patient's 序，通过望诊，医生可以vitality, complexion, physical build, head, 有目的的观察病人的神、neck, five sense organs, skin, tongue, external 色、体质、头、颈、五官、genitalia and anus on purpose so as to understand 皮肤、舌头、前后二阴，the condition of a disease. TCM holds that the 以了解疾病的状况。中医human body is an organic whole. The exterior of 认为人体是一个有机整the body is closely related to the internal 体，体表和内脏是紧密联organs. Take observation the vitality and 系的。以观察神色为例，complexion for examples, the vitality refers to 神指的是人体生命活动的the general external manifestations of life 外在表现，包括精神和意activity of the human body, including spirit, 识。它是气血、阴阳、脏consciousness and thinking. And it is the outward 腑状态的外在征象。神体sign of the conditions of qi and blood, yin and 现于多方面，如眼、面色、yang, or the zang-fu organs. The vitality is 表情、体质、行为等，这manifested in manifold aspects, such as 之中，眼神是最重要的。eyesight, complexion, facial expressions, 这是由于“五脏之精上注physical build, behavior and so on, among which 于目”。通过对神的观察，the expression of the eyes is the most important. 医生可以了解正气的充足This is because "all the vital essence from the 与否，分析疾病的严重程
