英文介绍中医
excessive pathogens as the principal aspect of 临床上，实的病理反应通常the contradiction. That is to say, the 是正邪之间剧烈抗争的结pathogens are excessive, the vital qi is also 果，这称为实证，大多见于strong. Clinically, a sort of pathological 由六淫、痰凝、饮食不化、reactions of excess ensue with the fierce and 血瘀等引起的疾病的中早obvious struggle between vital qi and 期，在临床上可见壮热，狂pathogens, which is known as excess syndrome. 躁，声高气粗，腹痛拒按，It is mostly found in the early or middle stage 二便不通，脉实有力等。 of diseases caused either by the six exogenous
pathogens or by the phlegm retention,
undigested food, blood stasis, etc. ,
characterized by high fever, mania, high voice
and coarse breathing, abdominal pain with
tenderness, obstructive urination and
defecation, and full and forceful pulse.
By deficiency syndrome is meant a syndrome
caused by inadequate of vital qi, or a
pathological reaction with the deficiency of 虚证指的是由正气不足vital qi as the dominant factor of the 引起的证候，或是以正气不contradiction. That is, the vital qi become too 足的病理反应为矛盾的主要deficient to resist pathogens because of the 方面。这就是因为气、血、dysfunctions of qi, blood, body fluid, zang-fu 津液、脏腑经络的功能失调organ and meridians. Consequently, the 导致正气过虚无力抗邪。因conflict of vital qi and pathogens may not 此，正邪相争并不会造成剧produce intense pathological reaction and a 烈的病理反应，所以会导致series of insufficient manifestations arise, 一系列虚的症状，这就是所so called deficiency syndrome. This types of 谓的虚证。这一类型的证候syndrome is mostly seen in patients with weak 大多出现于体弱的病人、疾constitutions or in the later stage of a disease 病的晚期和各种慢性病中，and in different kinds of chronic cases, marked 症见神疲体倦，面容憔悴，by lassitude, pallid complexion, palpitation, 心悸气短，自汗，盗汗，五short breath, spontaneous perspiration, night 心烦热，畏寒肢冷，脉虚无sweat feverish sensation in the chest, palms 力等。
and soles or aversion to cold, cold
extremities, feeble pulse, etc.
The rise and fall of vital qi and pathogens 在长期复杂的疾病中，can bring about mixed syndromes of excess and 正邪的盛衰会引起虚实混杂deficiency in protracted and complicated 的证候。这种证候主要有两diseases. Such syndromes have mainly two kinds 种病理变化：虚中夹实和实of pathological changes: deficiency syndromes 中夹虚。然而，在特殊情况mixed with excess ones and excess syndromes 下也会出现两种病理改变：mixed with deficiency ones. However, under some 真实假虚和真虚假实。前者particular circumstances, there will be two 谓之“至虚有盛候”，而后types of pathological changes: true excess 者则为“大实有赢状”。因
