C. Phonologically语音, compounds can often be identified as having a main stress on the first element and a secondary stress on the second element.
`old /friends `new /friends `pure /scientists a blackbird/a blackboard 在语音和,化合物通常可以确定为拥有一个主要重音在第一个元素和一个二次应力的第二个元素。 Types of compounds：Noun compounds
Adjective compounds
Verb compounds P126
实例：Headache, housekeeping, hot line, swimming pool, raindrop, breakdown, biological clock, identity crisis, earthquake , firing squad,sewing machine , churchgoing, Weather-beaten, fire-proof
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Chapter 6 Word-Formation II: The Minor Processes 构词法：其他构词法 29. Blending(拼缀法)：Word‘s compounding and abbreviation 单词的复合和缩写 It can divided into four types：
The first part of the first word + the last part of the second word
botel: boat + hotel 汽艇游客旅馆 smaze: smoke + haze 烟霾
advertistics: advertising + statistics 广告统计学 autocide: automobile + suicide 撞车自杀
altiport: altitude + airport 高山短距起落机场 chunnel: channel + tunnel 海峡隧道 lunacast: lunar + telecast 登月电视广播
The whole part of the first word + last part of the second word
carbecue: car + barbecue 一种用火烤法处理废弃车辆的熔车装置
jazzotheque: jazz + discotheque 爵士音乐夜总会 lunarnaut: lunar + astronaut 登月宇宙航行员
Nixonomics: Nixon + economics 尼克松的经济政策 workfare : work + welfare 工作福利
The whole form of the second word + the first part of the first word
helipad: helicopter + pad 直升飞机升降场 medicaid: medical + aid 美国的医疗补助方案 medicare: medical + care 医疗照顾方案 Eurasian: Europe + Asian 欧亚混血儿 motown: motor + town 汽车城
The first part of the first word + the first part of the second word psywar: psychological + warfare 心里战 Amerind: American + Indian 美洲印第安人
memcon: memorandum + conversation 谈话记录 sitcom: situation + comedy 情景喜剧
comint: communications + intelligence 通讯情报 humint: human + intelligence 间谍情报
comsat: communications + satellite 通讯卫星
实例：sci-fi：science＋fiction hi-fi：high＋fidelity workaholic：work＋alcoholic
sitcom：situation＋comedy motel：motor＋hotel stagflation：stagnation＋inflation
30. Backformation (逆构词法)：a word is created by the deletion of a supposed suffix 删除后缀 It is also known as a reverse derivation. 也被称为反向推导。 实例：edit from editor automate from automation enthuse from enthusiasm
gloom from gloomy donate from donation brainwash from brainwashing sleep-walk from sleep-walking beg from beggar peddle from peddler burgle from burglar orate from orator emote from emotion
caretake from caretaker free-associate from free-association enthuse from enthusiasm peeve from peevish gloom from gloomy frivol from frivolous
cose or coze from cosy laze from lazy greed from greedy grue from gruesome Dropping the supposed prefix 放弃前缀：Flappable from unflappable易惊慌的 ept from inept 31. Shortening or abbreviation (缩略法)：
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Types of shortening : 1) Clippings 剪报 clipped words(剪切词) 2) Initialisms 首字母连写词 3) Acronyms 首字母拼音词 (1). clipped words (剪切词)
1) to clip the front part of a word 夹一个单词的前部分
phone from telephone chute from parachute varsity from university 2) to clip the back part of a word 夹一个词的后面部分
ad from advertisement exam from examination mod from modern pro from professional demo from demonstration exp from expired memo from memorandum lib from liberation
3) to clip both the front and the back parts of a word 对夹两前面和后面的部分一个字 flu: influenza Tec: detective fridge: refrigerator 4）Phrase clippings 短语剪报
Goodbye and farewell：God be with You and fare thee well
After all is in fact：After all is said and done fall of the leaf：fall is a shortened
实例：ad=advertisement expo=exposition phone=telephone pro=professional
memo=memorandum tec=detective heli or copter=helicopter clippings for the following words： 剪报给下列单词
Gymnasium：gym Dormitory：dorm Handkerchief：hanky
Gasoline：gas Kilogram：kilo Influenza：flu Business：biz Parachute：chute Refrigerator：fridge Taxicab：taxi or cab
(2).initialisms (首字母连写词)
C.O.D: cash on delivery EEC: European Economic Community FBI: Federal Bureau of Investigation e.g.: exempli gratia: for example VIP: Very Important Person IQ: Intelligence quotient
IOC=International Olympic Committee BBC=British Broadcasting Corporation ISBN=International Standard Book Number CAD=computer assisted design
