要使译文顺畅，且符合法律语言的文体风格。翻译时，一词一句都应紧扣原文，遣词造句要仔细斟酌，切忌因一味追求“达”和“雅”而随意解释或删改原意。忠实于原文应该是法律翻译的第一标准。即使原文有的句子比较生涩，也不能为求“顺”而舍“信”，借用鲁迅先生的话来说，就是“宁信而不顺”。当然，理想的法律翻译应该是“忠实”和“通顺”的完满结合，这也应该成为翻译工作者孜孜以求的目标。就法律翻译的方法而言，“直译”（简言之，即严格按原文的词句翻译）是最可取的。
具体而言，翻译时对法律文件的每一个词（包括虚词）都不能掉以轻心，尤其是用在法律英语里的常用词（如前文第二节第二段所列举的一些词），应该按其在法律语境中的意思进行翻译（如将action译为“诉讼”，而不是“行动”）。即使是平时不大起眼的介词，如 at, in, on等也应给以足够的重视，如下面一句句子中的几个介词分别指明“土地”的不同位置，必须——准确翻译出来，否则以后有可能引起合同争议。
Party A represents and warrants that there are no conditions at, on, under, or related to, the real property constituting all or any portion of the Land which presently or potentially pose a hazard to human health or the environment, whether or not in compliance with law and there has been no manufacture, use, treatment, storage, transportation, or disposal of any hazardous or toxic substance, pollutant, or contaminant on the Land nor any release of any hazardous or toxic substance, pollutant, or contaminant into or upon or over the Land.
翻译句子，尤其是结构复杂的长句，应首先弄清句子各个成分之间的相互关系，在准确理解句子的完整意思的基础上，按中国人所习惯的时间顺序（如由过去、现在到将来）和逻辑思维顺序（如由“因”而“果”），将英语原句译成符合汉语表达习惯的文字。由于英语的状语位置灵活，可放在句首、句尾或句子中间，定语又有前置定语、后置定语和同位语，翻译长句时，不可能把英语原句的结构转换成与其一模一样的汉语句子。译者需要先对原句的内容按语段进行拆分，而后按汉语表达方式，将拆分后的各部分内容重新合成意思与英语原句完全相同的句子。实践证明，这种“拆分——整合”的处理方式有助于将长句的意思忠实而又通顺地翻译出来。因此可以这样说，翻译法律文件，处理好长句是保证译文质量的关键之一。
0.5法律翻译的基本要求
法律翻译工作者除了应具备从事一般文字翻译所必需的能力外，在英语和汉语的功底和写作能力上有较高的要求，同时还需要有一定的法律和经济方面的知识。前面说过，法律语言是一种正式文体，有特殊的用语和不同于一般文章的写作方式，且不时出现艰涩难懂的文
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句，英语水平欠缺的人甚至在阅读和理解法律文件时就会遇到不少困难。同样，译者的汉语写作能力达不到水准也难以产生符合要求的翻译文本。法律文件，特别是商业律师事务所起草的各种合同、协议和其他文件，涉及面广而杂，法律、经济、商业、贸易、金融、证券、保险、税收、仓储、运输、海关、商品检验、环境保护、知识产权等无所不包。这就要求法律翻译工作者对这些领域有尽可能多的了解，并且要不断掌握这方面的最新知识。为了适应、进而胜任法律翻译工作的需要，学习有关教程，查阅有关参考资料（包括勤查经济、法律工具书）和请教精于相关领域的律师，对于熟悉和掌握专业知识会有很大帮助。从这个意义上讲，法律翻译的过程也是一个学习的过程。
翻译法律文件要求忠实于原文，这不但需要表意准确，而且还要符合法律语言的风格。具体而言，译文要正规，不宜使用口语化的词汇和表达方式，要按照汉语大多重复名词的习惯，尽量少用和不用人称代词和物主代词，这样既可以避免出现对象指代不清的问题，又可以使文字更加正式。这里，需要指出的是，虽然法律文件中有较多意义相近的并列词语和结构复杂的长句，但并不等于法律语言罗唆、晦涩。因此，翻译法律文件，文字要精确，洗练，句子再长也要把原文的意思表达得一清二楚，务必去除任何多余的和不必要的词语。对于法律翻译，“言贵简洁”的格言也同样适用。
行文至此，有必要特别强调，法律翻译是一项严肃的工作，容不得半点差错，否则很有可能引起法律纠纷。因此，从事法律翻译，首先要有高度的责任心和敬业精神，工作中不允许丝毫懈怠和马虎。翻译前要做到心中有数，下笔时要慎之又慎，稍有疏忽就会出错，有时候差之毫厘，可能失之千里。每译完一篇法律文件，都应当核对原文，仔细检查有无差错和遗漏，直到满意时才润色定稿。从事法律翻译，只有具备上述各项能力和良好的素质，方能圆满完成所承担的任务。
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1 Assignment / Transfer
翻译练习
1. Neither Party may assign this Agreement, in whole or in part, without the other Party's prior
written consent, except to (i) any corporation resulting from any merger, consolidation or other reorganization involving the assigning Party, and (ii) any entity to which the assigning Party may transfer all or substantially all of its assets; provided that the assignee agrees in writing to be bound by all the terms and conditions of this Agreement and provides documentation as evidence that the assignee has the ability and capability of meeting all of the obligations under this Agreement.
2. Without prior written approval, no Party shall assign any and all of its rights and interests and
delegate its responsibilities under this Agreement to any third party. However, Party B shall have the right to assign its rights and interests and delegate its responsibilities hereunder to an affiliate; provided that Party B shall continue to warrant that such affiliate will complete the purchase of the equity interest in the manner contemplated by this Agreement.
3. Neither Party hereto shall assign this Agreement or any of its rights and interests hereunder
without the other Party's prior written consent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld. Notwithstanding the above provision of this Clause, (a) Party A shall have the right to assign its rights to any subsidiary, affiliate or successor entity as long as Party A remains liable to perform all of its obligations under this Agreement as applicable, and (b) Party B may, without the consent of Party A, assign in whole, but not in part, its rights hereunder to any subsidiary, affiliate or successor entity of Party B or its ultimate parent company (provided that any such assignment to any such subsidiary shall not be deemed as a release of Party B's obligations hereunder unless Party A shall have given prior written consent to any such release and Party B shall remain liable to Party A in respect of any breach of this Clause). Any attempted assignment in contravention of this Clause shall be void. 4. Transfer of Registered Capital
a) Either Party may transfer all or part of its registered capital contribution to the Company
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to any third party, provided that it first obtains the unanimous approval of the Board and the approval of the Approval Authority and complies with the provisions of this Article. b) When a Party (the \Party\wishes to transfer all or part of its registered
capital contribution to a third party, it shall provide a written notice (the \other Party (the \wishes to make the transfer and shall specify the interest it wishes to transfer, the terms and conditions of the transfer, and the identity of the proposed transferee (the \
c) The Non-Disposing Party shall have a preemptive right to purchase the whole of such
interest (i) on terms and conditions no less favorable than those specified in the Notice or (ii) at a fair market value appraised as set forth in paragraph (e). If the Non-Disposing Party elects to exercise its preemptive right, it shall notify the Disposing Party in writing (the \the Non-Disposing Party that it intends to purchase the whole of the interest to be transferred.
d) If the Non-Disposing Party fails to respond in writing to the Notice within such thirty
(30)-day period, the Non-Disposing Party shall be deemed to have consented to the transfer. If the Non-Disposing Party consents, or is deemed to have consented to the transfer, the Disposing Party may transfer such interest to the Transferee, on the terms and conditions set forth in the Notice, but not otherwise, provided that such transfer takes place within six (6) months after the delivery of the Notice and that the Transferee agrees in writing to become subject to and to comply with the terms and conditions of this Contract and the Articles of Association. The Disposing Party shall provide the Non-Disposing Party with a duplicate of its executed transfer agreement with the Transferee within fourteen (14) days after the agreement is executed.
e) If the Non-Disposing Party elects to purchase the interest to be transferred at fair market
value, the Non-Disposing Party shall state in the Acceptance Notice that it so elects, and shall include in the Acceptance Notice a list of at least two (2) internationally recognized accounting firms with experience in conducting valuations in China. The Disposing Party shall, within thirty (30) days after receiving the Acceptance Notice, by notice in writing delivered to the Non-Disposing Party, nominate one of the accounting firms
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whose names were provided by the Non-Disposing Party to value the interest to be transferred. The Non-Disposing Party shall arrange the valuation, which shall be completed within three (3) months after the delivery of the Acceptance Notice.
参考译文
转 让
1. 任何一方未经另一方事先书面同意，不得转让本协议的全部或部分，除非转让给（i）
涉及转让方的因兼并、合并或其他重组而产生的任何公司，（ii）转让方可以向其转让全部成绝大部分资产的实体；但受让方须书面同意受本协议所有条款和条件约束，并提供文件证明受让方有资格、有能力履行本协议项下的全部义务。
2. 任何一方未经事先书面批准，不得将其在本协议项下的任何和全部权利和权益让与及将
其在本协议项下的责任委托给任何第三方。但乙方有权将其在本协议项下的权利和权益让与及将其在本协议项下的责任委托给一家关联公司，但是乙方应继续保证该关联公司将以本协议拟定的方式完成对股权的购买。
3. 本协议任何一方未经另一方事先书面同意（该另一方不得无理拒绝同意），不得转让本
协议或其在本协议项下的任何权利和权益。尽管本条有上述规定，但（a）甲方有权将其权利让与任何子公司、关联公司或继承实体，只要在适用情况下，甲方仍有责任履行其在本协议项下的全部义务，山）乙方可以无须经甲方同意，将其在本协议项下的全部（而不是部分）权利让与乙方的任何予公司、关联公司或继承实体或其最终的母公司（但是向任何该等子公司进行转让，不应被视为解除乙方在本协议项下的义务，除非甲方已事先书面同意予以解除，且乙方若违反本条规定仍须对甲方负有责任）。任何试图违反本条规定进行的转让均为无效。 4. 注册资本的转让
a) 任何一方均可将其在公司注册资本中的全部和部分出资转让给任何第三方，但该等
转让首先项经董事会一致通过及审批机构的批准，并符合本条的规定。
b) 一方（“转让方”）欲将其全部或部分注册资本出资额转让给第三方时，应向另一方
（“非转让方”）提供书面通知（“通知”）。通知应表明转让方欲转让其出资，明确欲转让的股权、转让的条款和条件及受让人（“受让人”）的身份。
c) 非转让方有优先权，（i）按不逊于通知规定的条款和条件，或（ii）按(C)段规定，
以经评估的公平市价购买全部该等股权。如果非转让方决定行使优先权，应在转让
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