业设计（论文题 目：便携式停车收费器（硬件设计）
英文题目：Portable parking fee (hardware design), 学生姓名：周敏华
专 业：电子信息工程 班 级：060611 学 号：06061135 指导教师：朱兆优
二零一零年六月
毕）
东华理工大学毕业设计（论文） 摘要
摘 要
随着国民经济的飞速发展, 越来越多的人加入了购车行列，导致城市汽车数量剧增, 停车难问题愈来愈凸现, 特别是大型超市及公共娱乐场所的临时停车场管理收费更加困难。 在增加停车场数量的同时, 提高停车场的智能化管理是解决这个问题的关键。
目前国内大多数停车场存在的人工收费管理混乱，整体运作效率低等弊病，我们设计了一套便携式停车计时收费管理系统 。本设计开发的自动计时停车收费系统以非接触IC卡技术为基础, 实现了停车场收费管理现代化, 从而节省了人力资源及管理建设成本，并且具有实用、方便、快捷、管理科学、安全可靠等特点。
设计采用非接触式IC 卡技术,它是以射频识别技术为核心，而射频识别技术是一项利用射频信号通过空间耦合实现无接触信息传递，并通过所传递的信息达到识别目的的技术。经过九十年代的快速发展，射频识别技术现己涉及到人们生活的方方面面，并且有着广阔的应用前景。非接触式IC卡读写操作方便、无机接触、无裸露芯片、无电极,从而避免了接触式读写而产生的静电击穿、电极氧化污损、芯片脱落等故障,而得到人们的钟爱，解决了城市停车频繁又琐碎的问题。
关键词：停车收费; 单片机； 非接触式IC卡； 射频技术
东华理工大学毕业设计（论文） 摘要
ABSRTCT
Along with the rapid development of national economy, more and more people to join the ranks of the urban cars, car, parking problem of popultion more protruding, especially large supermarkets and public places of entertainment temporary parking management fee more difficult. In the parking lot number increase, parking intelligent management is the key to solve this problem.
At present domestic most parking fee of chaos, the overall management of artificial low efficiency, we designed a set of portable parking timing charging management system. The design of automatic timer parking fee system with non-contact IC technology as the foundation, realize the parking fee management modernization, which can save the cost of construction and management of human resources, and the practical and convenient, quick, scientific management, safety and reliability.
Design USES contactless IC card technology, it is, rfid technology as the core and rfid technology is an rf signals by using space coupling is realized, and the contact information of the message through to identify the technology. After 90's of rapid development, rfid technology has involved into all aspects of people's lives, and has a broad prospect of application. Contactless IC card and convenient operation, inorganic contact, without the bare chip, electrode and avoid a non-contact literacy and electrostatic breakdown, fouling, chip off oxidation of electrodes etc, and people's fault, solve the urban parking frequent and trivial issues.
Keywords: parking fees； SCM； Contactless IC card；Rf technology
东华理工大学毕业设计（论文） 绪论
目 录
绪 论..................................................................................................................................................... 3
0.1 课题设计背景及目的 ............................................................................................................ 3 0.2 课题设计任务 ........................................................................................................................ 3 0.3 课题设计方案选择及其研究 ................................................................................................ 3 0.4 课题设计的意义及发展前景 ................................................................................................ 4 1. 系统总体设计 .................................................................................................................................. 5
1.1 系统设计任务及实现功能 .................................................................................................... 5 1.2 系统设计基本要求 ................................................................................................................ 5 1.3 系统总体设计 ........................................................................................................................ 5 2． 系统设计方案 ................................................................................................................................. 7
2.1 系统设计方案 ........................................................................................................................ 7 2.2 系统设计方案选择及比较 .................................................................................................... 7 2.3 系统设计方案论证 ................................................................................................................ 8 3. 硬件电路的设计 .............................................................................................................................. 9
3.1 单片机系统 ............................................................................................................................ 9
3.1.1 AT89C52 单片机概述 ............................................................................................... 9 3.1.2 AT89C52 功能特性 ................................................................................................... 9 3.1.3 AT89C52主要管脚说明 ........................................................................................ 10 3.1.4 单片机系统扩展部分设计 ....................................................................................... 11 3.2 IC卡读写器模块 ................................................................................................................. 12
3.2.1 ZLG500 概述 ........................................................................................................... 12 3.2.2 ZLG500主要功能特性 ............................................................................................ 12 3.2.3 IC卡概述 .................................................................................................................. 13 3.2.4 ZLG500工作原理及硬件连接电路 ........................................................................ 13 3.3 数据存储和数据传输模块 ................................................................................................ 14
3.3.1 AT24C256 概述 ..................................................................................................... 14 3.3.2 AT24C256的主要特性及引脚说明 ...................................................................... 14 3.3.3 AT24C256的工作原理 .......................................................................................... 15 3.3.4 AT24C256 存储器存储空间划分 ........................................................................... 16 3.4 时钟模块 .............................................................................................................................. 16
3.4.1 DS1302 概述 ............................................................................................................ 16 3.4.2 DS1302结构及功能特性 ......................................................................................... 17 3.4.3 DS1302与单片机连接 ............................................................................................. 19 3.5 SMG12864 芯片介绍 ......................................................................................................... 20
3.5.1 SMG12864 概述 ...................................................................................................... 20 3.5.2 SMG12864 引脚及功能特性 .................................................................................. 20 3.5.3 SMG12864 的显示内存 .......................................................................................... 21 3.5.4 SMG12864与单片机的连接 ................................................................................... 21 3.6 通信模块 .............................................................................................................................. 22
3.6.1 RS-232概述.............................................................................................................. 22 3.6.2 RS232的串行通讯 ................................................................................................... 23 3.7 键盘模块 .............................................................................................................................. 24
3.7.1 概述 ........................................................................................................................... 24 3.7.2 行列式键盘工作原理 ............................................................................................... 24 3.8 监控电路模块 .................................................................................................................... 25
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东华理工大学毕业设计（论文） 绪论
3.8.1 DS1232 概述 ............................................................................................................... 25 3.8.2 DS1232功能及连接电路 ......................................................................................... 25 3.9 电源模块 .............................................................................................................................. 26
3.9.1 设计原理 ................................................................................................................... 26 3.9.2 设计步骤 ................................................................................................................... 27 3.9.3 电源电路 ................................................................................................................... 27
4. 系统分析与测试 ............................................................................................................................ 29
4.1 系统分析 ............................................................................................................................. 29 4.2 系统测试 ............................................................................................................................. 29 结 论................................................................................................................................................... 31 致 谢................................................................................................................................................... 32 参考文献 ............................................................................................................................................... 33
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