desert vt. run away without permission The soldier deserted his army.
We sheltered from the storm in a deserted hut.
abandon 放弃
desert 违背法律、道义、责任、信仰
desert the army, desert school, desert his duty, desert his family
abandon 被迫放弃所感兴趣或所负责任的东西。 He had to abandon his favorite research because of the war.
forsake vt. 放弃，抛弃，与……脱离关系 Eg.: He forsook his family.
discard v. 放弃，丢弃： give up as useless Eg.: everyday we discard a large amount of rubbish.
■regiment n. （军队）团 ■action n. 战斗 ■recluse n. 隐士
三 It is said the public house was haunted. haunt: visit somewhere very often He haunted this cinema. own == possess
the farm was possessed by two brothers. be willing to ==be ready to do
every time ==whenever引导时间状语从句 Every time I listen to his advice, I get into trouble.
Whenever I listen to his advice, I get into trouble
wake up to find that 醒过来的时候，结果却发现……
to 不定式做结果状语
He woke up to find that he was surrounded by a large crowd of people.
He hurried to the post office only to find that it was shut.
and 平行句式结构 hay 干草
A farm worker, who…, claimed to … 句子主干：A farm worker claimed to … claim to have done
claim to have done 声称做过某事
Eg: He claimed to have seen the puma. Seamen claimed to have seen monsters. see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事
who 引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明 a farm worker
These young people, who love the peace of the moutains, always receive a warm welcome at Salnt Bernard Monastery. stay up : not to go to bed I stayed up last night
The boy sat up to see the film.
wait up for/sit up for 为了等待某人回来而不睡觉
Don?t wait up for me, I?ll be home very late. burn the midnight oil 开夜车
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Eg: I have to burn the midnight oil tonight to complete work. in time 最后，终于
It became an accepted fact that… 变成一个大家都接受的事实
that 引导同位语从句，补充说明fact 同位语补充说明先行词的内涵
An idea came to her that she might do the experiment in another way.
Everybody had already accepted the fact that the puma is still at large.
It becomes an accepted fact that eht puma is still at large. that引导定语从句
No one suspected that…
someone else who had neer been seen be astonished = be surprised
astonish, surprise, amaze, astound be astonished to do sth.
I?m not surprised to see he is still as fat as before.
for == as 是对全句的补述
none other than == no other than 强调结构，表示不是别人而正是……
Eg: The man who had sent the flowers was none other than the man she had spoken to the night before.
It was no other than my old friend Johnson. The man who spoke to her was none other than her husband. nothing else than 仅仅
Eg: His failiure was due to nothing else than his own carelessness. a third brother 又一位兄弟
who was supposed = who was thought He was supposed to have died 20 years before.
keep secret 保密
reveal secret 揭露秘密，披露秘密 The press revealed the scandal. He kept secret for a long time.
he kept it to himself for a long time. very much : much 用来加强语气
be obliged to do = be forced to do 被迫做某事
He had been in hiding...
Fearing the authorities...现在分词引导原因状语
in hiding = in concealment
he remained in hiding at home...
the only other people who knew the secret 仅知道的人
the only other people who finished the work 仅完成这项工作的人
they thought it their duty to... it 形式宾语
I thought it very difficult to pass this examination.
We all think it our duty to support our parents.
形式宾语it和宾语补足语直接搭配连用，宾语补足语可以是名词或形容词
形容词短语做状语，进一步补充说明全句 quite unaware of the fact that... that 引导同位语从句
We amass requisites quite unaware of the fact.
amass 收藏，积聚
his brothers found it impossible to do... it形式宾语
It is quite impossible to finish the hard work in 2 hours.
I found it quite impossible to finish the hard work in 2 hours.
Lesson 31 A lovable eccentric 可爱的怪人 ■lovable adj. 可爱的
lovable == worthy of love lovely = beautiful 可爱的 lovable 惹人爱
Eg: What he does is lovable. I like the lovely boy/girl.
A large number of eccentrics are lovable. 许多怪人惹人喜爱。
■eccentric n. （行为）古怪的人
eccentric: a person whose behaviou is peculiar, unusual, rather strange.
eccentric: adj. peculiar, unusual; strange strange因为陌生而奇怪
Eg.: The modern building looks strange to the villages.
eccentric 行为举止古怪
Eg.: I can?t get on well with him, because he is eccentric.
odd 强调因为少见而多怪
Eg.: Look, he is wearing an odd hat. peculiar 奇异的，不同寻常的 The house is peculiar.
I feel peculiar today. ==I feel
uncomfortable / ill. == I?m not myself today.
eccentricity n. 怪癖
■disregard v. 不顾，漠视
disregard: ignore; pay no attention to Disregard noise and keep working disregard n.
have disregard of / for
He has complete disregard of / for my feelings.
in disregard of
He did the work in disregard of my instructions.
treat sb. with disregard 怠慢某人
Anyway, don?t treat your friends with disregard.
■convention n. 习俗，风俗
convention: generally accepted practice.
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Shaking hands when meeting people is normal convention in China. custom 历史悠久的社会习俗
It?s a custom of giving presents at Christmas.
He always does exactly what he wants and does not care about convention.
practice 某团体的传统做法或令他人无法接受的习俗
Eg.: The normal practice in the company is to send bill as soon as the job is done. Your stomach would turn at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat--the normally accepted practice in many northern countries.(三册L23) tradition 传统
Spending Christmas Day is a tradition for western people. habit 个人习惯
I have a habit of reading English aloud in the morning.
■conscious adj. 感觉到的，意识到的 conscious ==aware be conscious of / that be aware of / that
He is quite unaware of the danger. He is not conscious of the danger. class conscious 有阶级意识的 family conscious 有家庭观念的 clothes conscious 注重衣着的 stairs conscious 注重地位的
aware, conscious的反义词直接加un- unaware, unconscious subconscious 下意识的 consciousness n.
■invariably adv. 总是，经常地 ■routine n. 常规；惯例
routine: the regular fixed way of sth. / doing things
follow the routine 墨守常规 break the routine 打破常规
start the daily routine 开始每天的日常生活 ■shrewd adj. 精明的
shrewed: showing good practical judgement 精明的，狡滑的，敏锐的，机灵的 He is a shrewed observer.
We have got shrewed common sense.
Sb. is shrewed. == He has good judgement. shrewed brained
shrewed headed 头脑机灵的 shrewed looking 看起来机灵的 L31-02 end 11?26” L31-03 begin 11?00”
cunning: clever at deceiving 善于歉骗的 sly 用更隐秘的办法来达到目的 a sly old fox
■eccentricity n. 怪僻
■legendary adj. 传奇般的
■snob n. 诌上欺下的人 ■intensely adv. 强烈地
intense adj. very strong ; violent; extreme; sharp; etc.
intense cold 严寒 intense heat 酷暑
intense discussion 激烈的讨论 intensify vt. 使增强
You must intensify your sense of responsibility.你必须加强责任感。 intensity n.
Losing jobs are growing in intensity.
sth are growing in intensity ……（某种程度）在加强
Eg: Losing jobs are growing in intensity. ■bedraggled adj 拖泥带水的 ■dump v. 把……砰的一声抛下 ■reprimand v. 训斥
reprimand: scold officially and severely blame 责备(语气程度很弱)
Eg.: The teacher blamed him for his coming late.
scold 斥责(语气稍重一点) Don?t scold me for a trifle. reproach 斥责 (语气最严重)
He often reproached his children.
reprimand: scold officially and severely The boss reprimanded his employees severely.
■apologetic adj. 道歉的 apologize v.
He apologized to his boss.
The boss apologized to his employees. He was apologetic. 他致以歉意 apology n. 歉意
make apology to sb. for sth. ■stage v. 暗中策划 He stage a joke.
■elaborate adj. 精心构思的
elaborate == carefully worked out an elaborate design 精心的设计 elaborate vt.
He elaborated a system of computer. 三、【课文精析】
deliberately: on purpose
set out to do = set about doing = start doing / to do sth.
draw attention to 吸引对......的注意
capture/attract/hold/catch/arrest/receive/draw attention to 吸引对……的注意力
He made a mistake without being conscious of the fact
invariably = always
Her fine character quickly won her the friendship of her colleagues win sb sth 为某人赢得…… add colour to 增添色彩
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Eccentrics add colour to our dull life.
up to the time of his death: before he died. 完成时
notable: famous
this side of his life 生活的这一面
Dickie disliked snobs intensely / violently preferring 现在分词做伴随状况状语
be caught in a heavy shower 遇到瓢泼大雨 be caught in a heavy snow 遇到大雪 be caught in a heavy storm 遇到风暴
pay no attention to sb = ignore sb = take no notice of sb = turn a deaf ear to sb对……不予理睬
Dickie took no notice of him dickie turned a deaf ear to him. refuse to listen to request 求见（非常正式而有礼貌的用词，语气相当强烈，假如你request某件东西的话，通常你有权利得到你想要的。）
I requested the headmaster.
Every student can request assistance of their teachers.?
demand 在语气上还要强烈，假如你demand某件东西的话，你坚决认为你有权利得到你想要的，且不愿意接受否定的回答。
I demand my rights. 我要求我的权力。 ask 口头或写信介到某物 I asked to get the book. he asked me for help.
realizing or recognizing 在这里现在分词做原因状语
most = very much
present sb. with sth. or present sth. to sb. 把......交给
insist on doing / insist that
He insisted that the shop assistant should count the money before he left.
receive a great deal of attention in the press 引起了报界广泛注意
simply to prove = only to prove talk nonsense 胡说八道 talk sense 说正经话
Lesson 32 A lost ship 一艘沉船 ■salvage v. 救助，营救；打捞 salvage goods from the fire salvage the patient
salvage your time 节省时间 salvage archaelogy 抢救性考古 salvage boat 救助船
salvage money 救助费，打捞费 ■Barents n. 巴伦支（海） ■sunken adj. 沉没的 ■cargo n. 货物
cargo: the goods carried by ship; plane or vehicle
Eg.: The ship has a cargo of 1,000 tons cargo vessel
goods: the goods carried by plane or train 也可以做形容词，只能表示铁路运输，常指商店里的的商品。
Eg.: Trains are used to carry goods and passengers. A goods train
■bullion n. 金条；银条 ■scour v. 彻底搜索 go through
The house has been searched / scoured for the hidden bullion.
scour / search / hunt (都可与for 搭配,表示目的)
search 指寻找丢失的东西或被认为是存在的东西，比look for更正式
hunt 指漫无边际的寻找急需要的东西
scour 表示彻底地搜查一个特定范围并暗示花费更大的力气
Eg.: I have been searching everywhere, but I can?t find the key.
We spent a week hunting for the puma. They scoured the woods for the child.
scour / search / hunt (都可与for 搭配,表示目的)
■chest n. 大箱子
chest: a large strong box in which valuable objects are kept case 衣箱（总称） suitcase 手提箱 safe 保险箱 trunk 汽车尾箱 dustbin 垃圾箱
■contents n.（复数）所装的东西 ■belongings n. （复数）所有物 ■item n. 物件
■cruiser n. 巡洋舰 ■find n. 找到的物品
find: Something good or valuable
Eg.: the little restaurant is quite a find. The garden is a good find. ■log book 航海日志 ■piece v. 拼成整体
part / a piece of cake / a piece of news piece: put parts together to form a whole piece together 拼揍
Eg.: They piece the log book together. piece up 修补，拼合
Please piece up the dress. piece a quilt ■convoy n. 护航 in convoy 护航
under convoy: 被护航 ■torpedo v. 用鱼雷攻击 ■submarine n. 潜水艇 前缀sub- 1. 下
subway 地铁
substructure 下层建筑
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subsoil 下层土
subnormal 低于正常的 2．次；准；亚 subtripics subcollege subcontinent
3. 副；分支；下级；下属 subeditor 副编辑 subagent 副代理人 subhead 副标题 suboffice 分办事处 4．接近的
subadult 接近成人的 subteen 将近十三岁的 subequal 接近相等的 5．再
subdived 再分 sublet 转租
subculture 再培养 ■naval adj. 海军的 navy 海军
naval port 军港
naval power 制海权 voyage 海上航行 navigation 航海术
navigate v. 航海，航行 ■ministry n.（政府的）部 三、【课文精析】
The salvage operation had been a complete failure.
My examination is a complete failure. 这次考试完全失败了。
Their experiment had been a complete failure.
Key sentence:
A radio message from the mainland had been received by the ship's captain instructing him to give up the search. The shop?s captain received a radio
message from the mainland instructing him to give up the search.
instruct sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 The editor sent a fax to the journalist instructing him to get statistics. make another attempt despite ==in spite of
try once more代替了make another attempt There is tremendous excitement 书面语 People on board felt excited. (口语)
There was tremendous excitement before the game.
under the impression that == thinking that I am under the impression that he is the manager of the store.
He is under the impression that you?ll help him.
sunken / sunk
需定语时用 sunken
The ship had sunk a sunken ship
personal belongings 个人所属物品 together with 还有
salvage as much as possible / salvage as much as they could of value ==valuable
very much interesting == of great interest of great importance / of great significance / of no consequence / of no importance / of no interest
numerous ==countless
There were the belongings of ship officer in the chest.
learn from 从......得知
parts of the log book it was still possible to read.
It was still possible to read parts of the log book.
come to light = become known = emerge 被公开，被发现（不及物动词短语，要用主动语态） Eg: The secret came to light after his death.
bring sth to light/ review 把……公布于众
Eg: The two brothers reviewed/ brought the secret to light in a convoy 护航
under a convoy 被护航 confirmed == made sure
Lesson 33 A day to remember 难忘的一天
■prelude n. 序幕，前奏 a prelude to sth ……的前奏
Eg: a prelude to serious trouble 麻烦的前奏 introduction 导言，绪论 introduction to the book preface 序，前言 foreword 序
■unforeseen adj. 意料之外的 foresee == see before hand
I foresee a bright future for you. foreseeable 可预见的 foreseeing 预料之中的 unforeseeing 意料之外的
foretell 预言，主语可以是人或物
predict 预言，预示（语气较强），主语必须是人 Eg: He predicted that it would happen in ten years.
forecast : 预测，预报（主要指天气的预报） Eg: Timely snow foretells a bumper harvest. 瑞雪照丰年
■series n. 系列
series 单复数形式同形 a series of
We?ve got a series of good harvest. chain 连串，连锁 a chain of 一系列
a series of reaction 一系列反应
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a chain of reaction一系列反应 chain store 连锁店， chain reaction 连锁反应
chain smoker 吸烟很严重的人 succession 侧重时间上的连续
a suucession of failures 一系列的失败
Eg.: We?ve got a succession of successes. string 连续不断相似的事件
Eg.: a string of cars 一连串的汽车 train 一个接一个发生的事
a train of thoughts/ ideas 一个个的想法 ■catastrophe n. 大祸，灾难
worldwide catastrophe 世界范围的灾难 national catastrophe 波及全国的灾难 disaster 灾难，不幸（语气较弱） calamity 灾害，不幸事件 nature calamity 自然灾害 ■crockery n. 陶器，瓦器 ■suburb n. 郊区 ■collide v. 猛撞 ■learner n. 初学者 ■panic n. 惊慌，恐慌
panic : uncontrollable quickly spreading fear or terror
get into a panic 陷入惊慌之中
He suddenly got into a panic and stop his car.
be struck with panic== be seized with panic 惊慌失措
He was seized with panic. terror 惊骇 horror 恐惧 fright 害怕 alarm 惊恐
■windscreen n. （汽车的）挡风玻璃
■alongside prep. 在……的旁边，与……并排 ■slide v. 滑
■stray adj. 迷失的，离群的 The dog strayed from home. ■confusion n. 混乱
condition out of order in order 秩序井然 out of order 混乱
in confusion 乱七八糟
be covered with confusion 局促不安 throw sb into confusion 使某人惊慌失措 ■greedily adv. 贪婪地 ■devour v. 狼吞虎咽地吃 devour:
1. eat like an animal
The dog devoured the cake 2. destroy 吞灭，席卷
The flames devoured the whole building 3. take in eagerly with eyes, ears, or mind 贪婪地看
His eyes devoured the scene. 他两眼贪婪地看着。
三、【课文精析】
