Eg.: Yesterday, I mistook him for my classmate.
★gallery n. 美术馆
★exhibit n. 展品，陈列品 exhibit: show in public exhibition n. 展览会
Eg.: Yesterday we went to an exhibition to visit exhibits.
★oddly adv. 古怪的 oddly: strangely odd adj. 古怪的
strange adj. 因为陌生而奇怪的 queer adj.奇特的
Eg.: Look, he is wearing a queer hat. fantastic adj.奇妙的
eccentric adj.怪癖的；He is an eccentric person.
★attach v. 连，系
attach vt. 系，拴，粘上，贴上 attach to
Eg.; he attached the lamb to a tree.
attach to sb. for sth. 因为某事而把......加在某人身上
Eg.: We didn?t attach blame to him for his failure.
attach importance to sth. 对某事非常重视 Eg.: We attach importance to education. be attached to sth. 喜欢，喜爱 Eg.: I?m very attached to her.
attachment n. 固定，爱慕，友情，附着 ★sphere n. 球体
★magnetize v. 使磁化 magnetized vt.
Eg.: The iron was magnetized.
He speech magnetized the listeners. ★repel v. 排斥
repel vt.: to drive back; cause feelings of dislike
Eg.: the different sexes attract each other and the same sexes repel on the contrary. Let me go at once, you repel me. 让我走，你真让我恶心。 ★flicker v. 闪烁 ★flash v. 闪光
flicker v. shine unsteadily flash v. shine for a moment ★emit v.放射 emit v. give off
emit sound / emit smell / emit light / emit heat / emit smoke
★prehistoric adj. 史前的，老掉牙的 peculiar adj. strange and unusual Eg.: The food has peculiar taste. I?m feeling rather peculiar. ★electronic adj. 电子的 ◆peculiar adj. 奇异的
peculiar adj. stange and unusual Eg.: The food has peculiar taste.
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I?m feeling rather peculiar. ◆shock v.令人震惊，刺激人 get shocked 受震动
At the news, he got shocked. shock n. 震惊；get a big shock ◆emotionally adv. 感情上
emotional adj. 易激动的，情绪的，感情脆弱的 Eg.: I think you agree with me, women are often said to be more emotional than men. 反义词 unemotional emotion: n. 感情：
Eg.: love,hatred, and grief are emotions. feeling n. 某时的内心感受
Eg. : I can?t describe my feeling now. emotive adj.引起情绪反应的
The word home is more emotive than house.
emotionally; emotional; unemotional; emotive; emotion; feeling 三、【课文精析】 rarely: seldom
Key sentence:
We are not surprised at moden sculpture...
that引导同位语从句，修饰限定the idea的内容。 Eg. : The idea that one can learn English well in English-speaking countryes is mistaken. 重点句式结构
who take no interest in art 修饰说明 people take interest in 对......感兴趣 take delight in 对......感到高兴 take pride in 对...... 感到骄傲
show interest in 显示对......的兴趣
cannot; failed to 双重否定意味着肯定；加强语气
he must have passed his examination last week.
He cannot have failed to pass hsi examination last week.
You must keep your promise.
You can?t fail to keep your promise. On display / on show
We can see sculptures everywhere. in spite of this 尽管如此 Key sentence:
The first thing I saw when I entered the art gallery was a notice which said: The first thing... was a notice which said... Key sentence:
Oddly shaped forms that are
suspended from the ceiling and move in response to a gust of wind are quite familiar to everybody. Oddly...that...
that 引导的定语从句用来限定shaped forms are ...familiar to...谓语
句子主干：Oddly shaped forms are familiar to everybody
that 定语从句中：in response to / in reaction to 作为对......的反应
be familiar to sb. 对某人来说很熟悉 Eg.: The house is familiar to him.
I don?t really remember where I have seen him before, but he looks very familiar to me. be familiar with 熟悉，熟知
Eg.: Are you familiar with the play of Shakespeare?
I ?m familiar with that book too.
be familiar to sb. / be familiar with sth. lined up 过去分词做状语，与 long thin wires 为被动关系
attached to metak spheres 过去分词做定语，修饰long thin wires 定语从句
there were long thin wires that were attached to metal spheres.
ther center of the hall 展厅的中央 coloured lights 彩色灯泡 continuously adv. 不停止的 ga mad 发疯，发狂 run mad
Eg. : he must have gone mad to do such a thing.
on and off: continuously
Eg: It has been raining on and off since noon.
It was rather like===It was more like 看起来更像
Key sentence:
...not only seemed designed to do sth. not only... but ... as well
seem 系动词+名词/形容词/分词 Lesson 19 A very dear cat ★dear adj. 亲爱的，珍贵的；昂贵的
I can?t afford the car because it?s too dear. The cat is dear to me.
cost sb dear 花了某人很多钱 ★kidnapper n. 绑架者，拐骗者 kidnap 绑架
★★★considerable adj. 相当大的 a considerable business 大规模企业 He has got a considerable success. considerably adv.
It?s considerably colder today than yesterday.
considerate adj. 体贴的
be considerate to sb 对某人很体贴入微 Are you considerate you wife? considered 经过考虑的
It?s my considered opinion. 这是我经过考虑的看法。
all things considered 就各方面而言
Eg: All things considered, he finished the work well.
considering prep & conj. & adv.
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Eg.: Considering his age, the little boy reads very well.
considering (that ) considering adv.
He studies English well, considering. ★wealthy adj. 富的，有钱的 ★orderly adj. 有规律的 ★disappearance n. 失踪 ★anonymous adj. 匿名的 ★ransom n. 赎金 pay ransom to sb.
The old lady paid a ransom of one thousand pounds to the kidnapper.
hold sb to ransom 绑票（索取赎金）
They kidnapped the boy and held him to rensom.
★cardboard n. 硬纸板
★withdraw (withdrew, withdrawn ) v. （从银行）取钱
★punctually adv. 准时地 not early nor late punctual adj. punctuality n.
★astound v. 使吃惊
语意程度比surprise要强得多
吃惊程度 astoud>amaze>astonish>surprise He was astounded to hear of her death. They were amazed to find the lazy girl came very early.
surprising----> surprised 三、【课文精析】
seldom take interest in take great interest in share sth. with sb.
I share the room with my friend. for a long time
disciplined regular
take a short walk go for a stroll however look for find
after可以和名词搭配
Three days after~ arrival state;非常正式的声明 instruct: order
be instructed to do sth.
The journalist was instructed to obtain... fearing 现在分词做原因状语 make it clear to sb that
The teacher has made it clear to us that we must read English aloud every day. keep his promise
word 表示诺言时，要采用单数形式
keep his word break his word give sb. one?s word
as good as one's word 表示守信用，侧重点在于强调一个结果
go back on one's word 食言 sure enough 果然，无疑
I said would happen, and sure enough it did happen.
half a bottle of milk
in more ways than one ( way ) in many ways
双重意义：dear price 昂贵； expensive 珍贵 The comma 逗号的用法
三个或三个以上的词、短语或句子只用一个并列连接词来连接，他们之间就要用逗号，并列连接词前也要用逗号。
插入语或同位语前后必须用逗号分开
状语从句位于句首时也要用逗号和主句分隔开来，放在句尾则不需要
非限制性定语从句必须用逗号分开
语次转变词也应该用逗号将其和句子其他成分分开
介词短语和分词短语位于句首时也必须加逗号加以分隔
Lesson 20 Pioneer pilots ★pioneer n. 先驱 young pioneer
同义词 advocate 倡导者 pioneer adult education
★lord n. 对（英国）贵族的尊称；勋爵 lordless 无郡主的 lordship
lordly 昂迈的 duke 公爵 marquis 侯爵 earl 伯爵
viscount 子爵 baron 男爵
★Calais n. 加来（法国港市） ★overland adj. 陆上的 overnight 一夜之间的
overpopulated 人口众多的 overseas 海外的
over + 动词 表示超过 Eg: overeat, 吃多了 oversleep 睡过头了 overwork 工作过量
overcharge 索要价钱过高 overestimate 过高估计 三、【课文精析】
Key sentence:
In 1908 Lord Northcliffe offered a prize of &1000 to the first man who would fly across the English Channel. the first man to fly across...
序数词和动词不定式to搭配连用中以代替其后的定语从句
She was the only one to survive the plane crash.
如果before所引导的时间状语从句之前出现段时间，则最佳翻译方法：才。。。
offer a prize of sth(奖励) to sb 给予某人……奖励
Eg: He offered a prize of 1,000 to the first man who fly cross the English Channel. attempt in one's attempt
Eg: She failed in her attempt to swim the tunnel.
make an attempt on 尝试，试图 make an attempt to do 尝试，试图 make no attept 没有……企图，尝试 at that moment failed: break down fail 失败，忽视
She failed to win the prize. be forced to do 被迫做…… pick up
with a plane: with 具有、带有 had been making planes Key sentence:
A week before, he had completed a
successful overland flight during which he covered twenty-six miles. during which----during flight It looked as if： 似乎，看起来
It looked as if there would be a heavy storm. make a short test flight make another attempt
介词和关系代词搭配连用，当定语从句的关系代词是介词的宾语时，能够把可移位的介词提前放在关系代词的前面。（正式）
在非正式问题和口语当中，介词一般要放在从句的末尾
定语从句中介词位置
决定介词位置的4个因素:
1．如果是口语，介词位于句尾，同时关系代词可以省略。
2．非正式问题，介词位于从句句尾。
3．有些动词+ 介词，合成词组被看成是不可分割的语言单位，这个时候介词必须紧跟动词，不可移动
take after account for
4．在很多情况下，介词和关系代词构成独立的介词短语，在句中起状语作用，与从句的谓语动词毫无关系，而不是谓语动词的一部分，这时介词始终位于关系代词之前
Eg: He described it as a very agreeable situation located within two small hills
In the midst of two small hills, flowed a great river.
Eg: He described it as a very agreeable
situation located within two small hills in the midst of which flowed a great river.(in the midst of跟后面的谓语动词flow没有任何关系) Mrs. Ramsay received an anonymous letter in which the writer stated that Rastus was in safe hands.
Lesson 21 Daniel Mendoza ■boxing n. 拳击 ■boxer n. 拳击手 ■bare adj. 赤裸的 18
bare uncovered bare (部分的)赤裸 bare fist 赤手空拳 bare foot 光着脚的
bare handed 光着手的 bare legged 光着腿的 naked 全裸
He?s walking in bare feet. He is naked.
nude adj. 光秃秃的； n. 裸体（雕象，油画） a nude hillside 光秃秃的山坡
■prizefighter n. 职业拳击手（尤指古时赤手拳击手）
■crude adj. 粗野的
be crude to sb 对……粗鲁，无理 , rude语气比 crude 要弱
He is crude to the girl. ■marquis n. 侯爵
■technically adv. 严格根据法律意义地 ■science n. 科学 ■popularity n. 名望
in popularity 受欢迎，受喜爱
Instant foods are getting in popularity. 即食食品越来越受欢迎。
popular songs are in popularity. popular with 受人喜爱
popularity 名望，受人欢迎的状态 fame 出名的名声 famous adj. reputation 声誉
■adore v. 崇拜，爱戴
More and more people adore the famous adtress.
■alike adv. 一样地
He was adored by rich, and poor alike.
The teacher is adored by boy, girl and alike. ■fame n. 名声
■eminent adj. 著名的，杰出的 eminent scientist distinguished
■bitterly adv. 厉害地 It is blowing bitterly.
bitter:苦的、辛酸的、刺骨的
bitter pills may have wholesome effects 良药
■bet (bet, bet; betted, betted) v. 打赌 bet on sth. 以...打赌 bet sb. that 跟某人打赌
bet one's bottom dollar on somebody 对……孤注一掷
He bet his bottom dollar on his last attempt. bet on the wrong horse 对…… 做出了错误的判断
I bet 我肯定，我断言 ■academy n. 专业学校
■extravagant adj. 浪费的，奢侈 extravagant hobit
thrifty frugal economical ■poverty n. 贫困
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in poverty 在贫困当中 indigence 贫困 (正式) destitution 赤贫 penury 诘据
三、【课文精析】 in popularity
fought with bare fists: 赤手空拳的打斗 Key sentence:
One of the most colourful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendoza who was born in 1764.
one of the most famous people introduce: bring in
Potatos were introduced into Europe from South America.
drew up: 制定，起草 Sb. did much to do sth.
in his full time in his good day rise to fame = become famous
attract sb.?s sttention == attract the attention of sb.
turn against sb 与……反目成仇 severely
Key sentence:
It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and became Champion. as much as 多达 in debt: 欠债
Lesson 22 By heart 熟记台词 ■run v. （戏剧、电影等）
The film is so successful that it runs for several weeks.
■lines n. （剧本中的）台词 ■part n. 剧中的角色，台词 ■falter vi. 支吾，结巴说 stammer
He has practised the poem several times, so he has no cause to falter. falter v. 蹒跚而行（=stgger） He faltered home.
■cast (cast, cast ) v. 选派……扮演角色 ●role n. 角色
The actor was cast in the role of hero. ■aristocrat n. 贵族 ■imprison v. 关押
put sb imprison: 关押
He was imprisoned for 10 years. imprisonment：n.
sentence sb to life imprisonment：判某人终生监禁
监狱：prison, jail, gaol 把……送进监狱
send sb. to prison == put sb in prison == throw sb into prison in prison 坐牢 the prison 监狱
He is in prison / jail.
He is behind boars. ■Bastille . 巴士底狱
■gaoler n. 监狱长，看守连演，连映 ■colleague n. 同事
■curtain n. （舞台中的）幕布 ■reveal v. 使显露
The secret hasn?t been reveald. reveal:揭露，揭穿，把什么露出来
A curtain was up and revealed the beautiful scenery.
disclose:揭发
discclose the truth discover: 发现
uncover: 揭开具体的盖子
A very tight dress reveals the beautiful figure. 紧身的裙子露出了漂亮的身段。 revealabel adj. 可展现的 revealer: 探测器
■cell n. 单人监房，监号 ■blank adj. 空白的
■squint . 眯着（眼）看，瞄 squint one's eyes 眯上眼睛
Eg.: He squinted his eyes and looked at the letter.
pear at : 眯着眼睛看 ■dim adj. 昏暗
The room is too dim so I can;t read the letter.
gloomy:(天气，心情)抑郁的 The weather is gloomy today. He is in gloomy mood. dusky:(天色)昏暗的
Towards evening is getting dusky. murly:（天色）漆黑的，黑暗的 I can?t go out at murky night. misty:多雾的，迷蒙的
The building is out of sight on such a misty day.
■sire n. （古用法）陛下 ■proceed v. 继续进行
proceed vi. particular after stopping proceed to / with:进行继续某事 Let?s proceed to business.
You must proceed with your work. proceed from 从什么着手开始继续 They proceed from lesson 1. procced from 起诉某人
Eg: He decided to proceed against his neighbour.
三、【课文精析】 by heart 熟记台词 on end
1．== continuously: 连续的，位于具体的时间之后
Eg: He sat there for hours on end.
We had hardly anything to eat for days on end.
2． ==upright 竖着
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Eg: The cat's fur stood on end.
I got a big shock so my hear stood on end.我吓了一大跳，以致于毛骨悚然。
who = actor, 关系代词做主语，不能省略
Eg.: The student who was required to recite the poem 100 times is really poor. learn/ know by heart: 把……牢记在心
Eg.: The sentence is so important that you must learn it by heart.
heart and soul 全心全意的，全身心的
Eg: We serve the students heart and soul take heart 鼓起勇气，恢复信心 lose heart 失去信心
lose heart to sb= give heart to sb: 轻信于某人
Eg: The boy lost his heart to the girl put one's heart into sth: 致力于某事
Eg: Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.世上无难事，只怕有心人
have one's heart in one's boots提心吊胆 Eg: He had his heart in his boots when he went out alone at night.
even though = even if = though / although at each performance = at every performance
insist: 坚决要求，suggest:建议， order:命令，demand:要求，require:要求 表示建议/要求/希望，和that宾语从句搭配，that从句必须出现should + 动词原形的虚拟，should 可以省略。
in full==fully=completely
play a joke(cheek) on sb: 开某人玩笑 on the final act == in the last act with，独立主格结构
hand to == present sth. to == pass to 把……递给某人 as usual
look on 旁观
anxious,形容词短语做伴随状况状语 stare at 一眨不眨地
squinting: ing形式，做方式状语，伴随状况状语 prmptly ==immediately with this 说完这话 hurry off
much, 用来加强语气
play a joke on 开玩笑; play a trick on 捉弄，单方面取乐
have a joke with sb. 和某人开玩笑，强调两人共同取乐
Eg.: He laughs best who laughs last. 笑到最后的才是笑得最好的。
Lesson 23 One man?s meat is another man?s poison各有所爱 ■poison n. 毒药 poison n.& vt.
He was poisoned by pesticide.
give poison to sb/ give poison to sth.使某人或某事中毒
