turn out 表明结果
turn out ( to be) + n./adj.
Eg: Our party turned out (to be) a success the concert turned out to be failure. It turned out that… 原来是(表示结果) that 从句，或其他名词从句，it 作形式主语
Eg: It turned out that the diamond had been in the bank all the time.
It turned out that his statement was false.
as it turns out 人们后来发现
Eg: As it turns out, there was not need to worry.
As it turns out, the report was
mistaken人们后来发现,这篇报告被弄错了。 Key sentence:
She stood three feet high and her hands rested on th hips. rest on = depend on, lean on
His hand rested lightly on my shoulder. which swept the ground进一步说明拖地的，曳地的
despite / in spite of +n. /动名词 Key sentence:
It is still a problem for the archaeologists up to now.
so far,up to now 都是完成时的标志
discover her identity: find out he identity Lesson 4
★manual adj. 体力的 = physical
manual work:体力工作 mental work: 脑力工作 ★collar n. 衣领
white-collar:白领 ( do mental work) blue-collar:蓝领 （do manual work） (get) hot under the collar: 怒气冲天 ★sacrifice v. 牺牲，献出
vt. to give up for good purpose
Eg: sacrifice one?s life for the country sacrifice time
n. make many sacrifices ★privilege n. 好处 = advantage
特权 （=special right） 牺牲掉自己的好处：
sacrifice one?s advantage / rivilege 特许某人做某事：
give sb. the rivilege of doing sth. privileged adj. 荣幸的
★overalls n. 工作服,男工作服； overall 女工作服 ★secret n. 秘密
adj. keep secret:保密
It?s between you and me. I?ll keep it to myself. confidential : 机密的 in secret:私下里
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= secretly, in private, privately I was told about it in secret. in the secret: 知道内情
He was in the secret from the beginning. ★status n. 地位 = social position s-t-a-t-u-s
s-t-a-t-u-e: 雕像，塑像 ★corporation n. 公司 ★shower n. 淋浴 ★dustman n. 清洁工 三、【课文精析】
people who do manual work => blue-collar workers
people who work in offices / do mental work => white-collar workers far more money
far--副词，用来强调语气==much
refer to … as ==regard … as 把…看作为 I always refer to him as bookworm (书呆子). for the simple reason => for 引导的原因状语从句
for the reason that 比because正式，因此多用于正式文体
human nature 人性化 such…that…
that 引导同位语从句，进一步补充说明such的基本内涵
His kindness was such that we will never forget him.
=> Such was his kindness…
Such is human nature that we want to get a lot of things free.
Such用在句首，要倒装
Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers. 介词for表示一种目的
be willing to do sth. == be ready to do sth. 心甘情愿做…
give rise to , lead to, cause:引起，惹起 =result in
Such conduct might give rise to misunderstandings.
The bad conditions have given rise to a lot of crimes.
in the case of: 至于，就……而言
Eg: Stealing is no shame in the case of him. in case of: (连) 万一，以防
Eg: You should ensure your house in case of fire.
Who引导定语从句
Too embarrassed to say:太尴尬而没有说明
be ashamed of get married
marry v. 如果强调动作：He married the girl…
如果表示状态：get married, be married 如果表明和某人已经结婚多长时间了：be married to sb.
The old man has been married to his wife 50 years.
Too…to…, 太…而不能
simply adv. 用来修饰限定动词told
dressed in a smart black suit-----形容词短语表示一种状态
Eg: He got to work dressed in a beautiful coat.
He left home wearing a smart black suit. Changed into: 换上
Before returning home==Before he returned home
在before 引导的时间状语从句中，return 的逻辑主语和主句的主语he是保持一致的，所以这个时间状语是由介词before和动名词搭配而成，相当于before 引导的时间状语从句。
如果运用动名词形式，动名词的逻辑主语必须是主句的主语。
After getting home, he had a good rest. Before having dinner, he finished all his homework.
She never will = she will never discover the secret
在省略句式中， never要放在助动词之前。 ?Will you go to see her??
? I will never go to see her.? / ?No, I never will.?
half as much as (he used to): 是 … 的一半
half (a quarter, twice, three times ) as …as…表示倍数
I won?t marry a man who is twice as old as me.
We got three times as many people as we exected.
This room is about three times as large as that one.
…as (形容词或副词原形)as… 是 …几倍 比 …多几倍：…times (形容词或副词比较级) This road is four times longer than that one. => This road is five times as long as that one.
is well worth the loss of money
What he obtained is well worth the loss of time
Well 副词用来加强语气，修饰形容词worth
come to a decision, come to an agreement, come to an understanding, come to success, come to fame
停车 stop, draw up, pull up
at the barbar?s, at the butcher?s, at the baker?s, at the greengrocer?s. at the grocer?s, at the stationer?s, at the tobacconist?s, at the chemist?s help oneself to:自便
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help yourselt to dish
My roommate helped herself to my clothes without asking me.
at a fantastic speed / at a tremendous speed / at a high(full) speed / with great speed
hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of jewel数十万美元的珠宝 Word building 前缀构词法
如何运用常见的前缀 dis-
agreeable disagreeable content discontent
graceful dis graceful honest dis honest satisfactory dissatisfactory dis还可以加在名词前
agreement disagreement honesty dishonesty ability disability grace disgrace comfort discomfort dis可以加在动词前 agree dis agree appear disappear believe disbelieve
dis-还可表示除去、解除， 在名词前加dis-得到动词形式
courage discourage root disroot mask dismask
burden disburden
il-加在以l开头的形容词之前
legal illegal logical illbogical literate illiterate
im-加在以b,m,p开头的形容词之前 possible impossible mortal immotal moral immoral
balanced imbalanced
ir-加在以r开头的形容词之前
regular irregular rational irrational resistible irresistible
in-主要用于其他字母开头的词之前
human inhuman correct incorrect justice injustice sinca\\ere insincere un-只能手于形容词和动词之前 不
happy unhappy friendly unfriendly lucky unlucky 无
conditional unconditional limited unlited 非
official unofficial just unjust 未，主要用于过去分词之前
undecided unfinished unexpected unhurt
用于动词之前表示做相反的动作
lock unlock tie untie
cover uncover pack unpack dress undress load unload Lesson 7
★mutilate v. 使残缺不全 vt. 经常用于被动语态 1，毁伤，残害。
He was mutilated in the accdient, and now has only one leg. a multlated note 2, 把…搞砸了
You've already mutilated the novel by making such chages. ★chew v. 咀嚼
A lot of people love chewing gums.
Don?t bite off more than one can chew.不要自不量力
chew the fat: 聊天
chewed up： （俚） 着急的，担心的 Don't get chewed up / about your examination. ★fiancé n.未婚夫
★microwave n. 微波，微波炉 micro- = tiny, very very small microswitch, microfilm, microscope, microsecond, microphone, microbiology 反义前缀：macro- = great. large ★oven n. 炉灶
★safekeeping n. 妥善保管 keep sth. safe
Please keep your ID card safe do evil:干坏事 evil doing
make trouble => trouble making ★Newcastle n. 纽卡斯尔（英国港市） ★identify v. 鉴别，识别 identify of sb. or sth.
He can?t identify the person. identity: n.
So far thearcheologists have been unable to discover her identity.
identification n.命名，确认 ★spokeswoman n. 女发言人 三、【课文精析】
whiter than white====damaged, mutilated.损坏，残缺不全
Fortunately for them luckly / happily for them 固定搭配 team 组织
make a claim 提出索赔 feed sth. to
concern: 涉及到——is about
run a factory, run a company
I have a very good day. I have a good time
.go horse-riding, go fishing, go hunting, go shopping beautifully-cooked wallet: 用一种讽刺的口吻
turned to turned into become who ----band manager
so long as: on condition that 表假设，只要 pay for:为…付款
We paid 80 dollars for the dictionary. on 强调对21000起索赔要求 pay off 还清，偿还
The couple have already paid their debts off. pay back
1, 把钱归还回去 pay money back 2, 报仇，报复 pay somebody back Lesson 8 A famous monastery ★monastery n. 寺院，修道院 abbot:修道院院长 convent nun:修女 abbess:女修道院院长
★St. Bernard 圣伯纳德 ★pass n. 关隘
★watchdog n. 看门狗
★rashly adj. 莽撞地，冒失地 boldly adv.
★enclosure n. 围场，圈地 ★monk n. 和尚，僧侣 ★privacy n. 清静，隐居 ★skier n. 滑雪者 ★Easter n. 复活节
at Easter, at Christmas, at Thanksgiving 三、【课文精析】
connects / Join Switzerland to Italy / link Switzerland with Italy
connect … with:把…与某事联系在一起
I can?t connect the picture with my friend Mary.
Are you connected with the government? be connected with 与…有联系
at 2,473 metres:介词短语修饰全句用于句首表示原因、条件或状态
At the age of 25, he is able.
At one point 65 metres, he is a little short. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句最大的区别 非限制性定语从句是对主句或主句中所出现的某个名词的补充说明和解释，去掉对主句影响不大 限制性定语从句是主句当中不可缺少的一部分 Mr Smith was a famous person in American history.
Mr Smith, who died on July 17th at 84, was a famous person in American history. There were very few passengers, who escaped without serious injury.
There were very few passengers who escaped without serious injury.
The taxi drivers, who knew about the traffic jam, took another road.
The taxi drivers who knew about the traffic jam took another road, and others who
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didn?t know about the traffic jam still took this heavy road.
who引导的非限制性定语从句主要指人做主语 指代事物在非限制性定语从句当中只能使用which
He lent me a thousand dollars, which was exactly the sum I needed. 指代时间when, 地点where
He was left on the desert island, where he stayed for as long as therr weeks. found建立 set up establish live----lives
which指代friend dogs
The panda, which was brought from China, was used as a symbol of friendship. Now that：既然
用做时间连接词时，后面通常跟完成式
Now that you have left university, you have to find a job.
用做原因连接词时，后面时态不限。
Now that you won't help me, I must do the job myself.
Now that you are grown-up, you must stop the children behave.
whenever, whoever, whatever wherever, whichever , however no matter when / who / what / where / which / how
You can telephone me whenever you like. Whichever day you come, we?ll be pleased to see you.
Whenever you go, I?ll follow you.
However busy you are, you nust spare some time to study English.
Despite介词——in spite of
rashly 莽撞的 attempt to do sth. -----try to do sth. there + be
There are still a few students studying English in the classroom. in cars ---by car about 到处，周围
Don?t litter waste paper about.
look about, go about, run about, wander about
keep： 使某人或某物处于某种状态，经常和介词短语、形容词、分词（现在分词和过去分词）搭配连用，表示一种状态
keep him out, keep him in Do keep the cat in the room.
表示逻辑的主谓关系——现在分词 I?m sorry to keep you wating.
表示逻辑的动宾关系——过去分词 The lamb was kept tight to a tree.
quite the opposite 恰恰相反 Lesson 9 Flying cats 飞猫 ★fascinate v. 迷住，吸引住
vt. 主系表结构：be fascinated with被…迷住了，被…吸引住了
He is fascinated with chess.
Are you fascinated with English. like, love, be fond of
The boy is fond of football. be crazy about:着迷 be mad about
He is crazy / mad about music. He is fascinated with music. fascination n. fascinating adj.
Sweet music is fascinating.
★affectionate adj. 充满情深的，柔情的 Cats are affectionate animals. affectionately adv.
The lady is looking that man affectionately. affection n.
★mysterious adj. 神秘的，难以理解的 a mysterious plan
a mysterious explanation mystery n. 迷团，神秘感 His death is a mystery.
★submissive adj. 服从的，顺从的 obedient
Are you obedient?
Dogs and horses are submissive, but Cats are never submissive to us. be submissive to sb. submit v.
Submit oneself to sb. / sth. 屈服于，顺从于 submission n. ★feline adj. 猫的
★independence n. 独立，独立性 independent adj.
You have already grown up, you must be independent. depend 依靠
You must depend on yourself. depend, dependence
independence, independent ★high-rise adj. 高层的 ★windowsill n.窗槛 ★paratrooper n. 伞兵 ★squirrel n. 松鼠
★air-resistance n. 空气阻力 ★impact n. 冲击力 三、【课文精析】
nver fail to do 双重否定＝＝肯定
If you aks for help in the polite way, you never fail to succeed.
If you receive requests like this, you'll never fail to accept.
常用的双重否定结构（加强语气） 1． never fail to, can't fail to, don't fail to , 否定词+fail to（语气较强烈） 2． 否定的形容词之前加以否
定 unreasonable-> not unreasonable 4
Eg: What he said is not unreasonable.
It is quite common (not uncommon ) for us to make mistakes. 3． not + without
Eg: You can't obtain english without working hard.
He doesn?t have any meal without meat. 4.no+not
Eg: There is no cat that doesn't like fish. There is nothing that he can't do.
There is no rule that has no exception. as well as a result
have learned to:学会了，习惯了
People have learned to expect that trains are punctual.
Children have learned to expect that their parents are very able.
be suspicious of sb. 对什么表示怀疑，存有戒心
One of the things that fascinaes us： that 引导定语从句 that 引导同位语从句
One of the things that fascinaes us most about planes is the popular fact that they are safe and fast.
truth,不可数名词，a good deal of apparently 显然，显而易见 It seems that...
Key sentence:
A cat?s ability to survive falls is based on fact.
survive v. fall v.&n.
be based on:基于事实基础之上
base sth. on: 把某事加强在什么基础之上 We base the theory on the fact The theory is based on fact.
make a study of sth:对什么作出研究 in common = the same fall off 坠落， 掉落 die from:死于
死于疾病：die of illness / disease / hunger / thirst,自然的死亡用of
死于非自然原因：die from shock / injures / wound, 用from
there is no shortage
shortage:缺乏 = lack, 与of搭配，shortage / fack of
shortage of money led to the failure of the experiments.
suffer from: 遭受什么痛苦
A lot of people in the world are suffering from terrible disease. behave like = act like
well-trained: 训练很好的，well-decorated:装饰漂亮的
the further cats fall, the less
典型的the more...the more...句型，用定冠词the 修饰形容词或副词的比较级
The harder you study English, the better you an learn it.
The more you eat, the fatter you will be. be likely to do:有可能如何，强调可能性
In cold winter, We are likely to catch a cold. and more 甚至更多 stretch out 充分伸展
Lesson 10 The loss of the Titanic ★Southampton n. 南安普敦（英国港市） ★colossal adj. 庞大的
big, large, huge, great, vast, immense, enormous, giant, gigantic, tremendous, titanic
colossal: large in size
A ship Titanic was colossal.
a colossal monument; a colossal statue big:大的，重要的
You give me a big surprise. He is a big person. The box is big.
large:体积大，数量大 an empty large box
a large number of people great: 伟大
vast:辽阔，广阔 vast desert
immense: immeasurable 不可测量的
an immense stadium, immense iceberg enormous 重点突出数量、程度、体积；强调程度时，语意强于big
Eg: He made a big success. / He made an enoumous success. giant: 巨大的，高大的
a giant person 巨人 ； gigantic tremendous: big, fast, powerful
The plane is traveling at tremendous speed. titanic 用于修饰人和物，体积大、力量大 The ship is titanic.
huge:强调体积大 a huge stone 数量巨大 a huge sum of money
★watertight adj. 不漏水的 a watertight ship
watertight 引申为无懈可击的，毫无破绽的 watertight arguments 无懈可击的论点 watertight excuse 毫无破绽的借口 waterproof 防水的；waterproof watch 防水手表
waterproof coat 防水雨衣
★compartment n. （轮船的）密封舱 ★flood v. 充满水 vt. & n.
vt. be filled with water; the ship is flooded. The room was flooded with moonlight. Our classroom was flooded with sunshine. n. 洪水， in flood 河水泛滥； 引申表示连续不断的
During the rains, the river is in flood. 5
