牛津初中英语8A unit1—unit6 知识点归纳
国儿童基金会，World Vision世界宣明会，World Wide Fund for Nature＝WWF世界自然基金会
2. indeed adv.的确，实在地，确实，用以加强肯定的语气。e.g. ⑴—Do you agree? —Yes, indeed! ⑵A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见友情；患难朋友才是真正的朋友。
3. 部分动词、形容词加后缀可以变为名词，常见的有以下三种情况： ⑴部分动词＋后缀ment→名词：agree→agreement, advertise→advertisement＝ad, develop→development, punish→punishment, improve→improvement
⑵部分动词＋后缀ion→名词：invent→invention, collect→collection, donate→donation, educate →education, celebrate→celebration, organize→organization, invite→invitation, connect→connection
⑶形容词＋后缀ness→名词：ill→illness, sick→sickness, rich→richness, kind→kindness,
ugly
→ugliness,
careless→carelessness,
fit→fitness,
great→greatness, careless→carelessness (粗心) 二.【重点句型】
1. I’m not used to going out before lunch. Don’t worry. Hobo, you used to be very kind to me. Let me have lunch first. I’m so weak that I can’t walk further. →further是far的比较级。 (p76)
2. Blindness affects about 45 million people around the world, mostly in poor countries, and about 80 per cent of these cases can be cured or prevented. →80% of the cases of blindness 80%的失明病例 (p78)
〈知识链接〉⑴affect＝influence vt.影响→effect n.影响，常用短语have a bad/good effect on sb，e.g. ①Smoking affects your health. ②Fights in action films have a bad effect on teenagers.
⑵mostly adv.主要地；大部分地；一般地，e.g. We’re mostly out on Sundays.我们星期天一般不在家。
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牛津初中英语8A unit1—unit6 知识点归纳
⑶per cent百分数，如：80%读作eighty per cent。当百分数作主语时，谓语动词的形式由百分数后面的名词而定，与“就近原则”相似。e.g. ①71% of the earth is covered with water. ②Twenty per cent of the students are from the countryside. 3. However, many people do not have the money for medical treatment. 没钱医治 〈知识链接〉⑴medicine n.医学；内服药，e.g. Chinese medicine中药，traditional Chinese medicine中医，take/ have the medicine服药，study medicine学医 ⑵medicine→medical adj.医学的；医疗的，e.g. medical history病史，medical records病历，medical examination体检，medical examiner法医，medical treatment医治 ⑶treat ①vt.治疗→treatment n.治疗，under the treatment在治疗中 ②vt.对待 treat sb as…＝regard sb as…把…看作…；把…视为…，①Don’t treat him as a child. ②People regard Jet Lee as a talented actor.
4. Many of our patients are so poor that they can’t afford to travel to hospital, so we have to go to them. 我们的许多病人很穷，连去医院的钱都没有，所以我们得去他们那里。
〈知识链接〉⑴afford sth买得起…；有时间做…，通常与can, could, be able to连用，一般用于否定句、疑问句中。e.g. Can we afford a new car? ⑵afford to do sth有足够的钱做某事，e.g. ①We can’t afford to buy a new house. ②Can they afford to go abroad this summer?
5. By training local doctors and nurses, we hope to help even more people. →by介词，通过。
6. You’ve done such an important job that people must be really grateful to you. (p79) 〈知识链接〉be grateful to sb for sth因某事而感激某人→grateful＝thankful，注意不要把grateful写成greatful。e.g. I’m grateful to you for your help and support. 7. However, the most important thing for us is that we can help people see again. that引导的表语从句。
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牛津初中英语8A unit1—unit6 知识点归纳
8. Thank you very much for your time, Dr Ma. Is there anything else you’d like to say to our readers?
马医生，感谢你抽时间接受我们的采访。你还有别的话要对我们的读者说吗？ 9. Modern medicine is developing so quickly that we can treat and cure most eye problems and improve the lives of patients.现代医学发展如此之快，以至于我们能治疗并治愈绝大多数眼疾，从而改善病人的生活。 注意so…that…结构中so后面形容词或副词的使用规则。
〈知识链接〉⑴life→lives生活；生命，lose one’s life/lives丧生，save one’s life/lives挽救某人的生命，物主代词或名词所有格的单复数决定了life/lives。e.g. lose his life, save their lives
⑵improve改进；改善；提高，e.g. You need more practice to improve your English. 10. All we need is enough money to carry on with our work.我们所需要的足够的钱，以继续我们的工作。→All we need是All that we need的省略。 〈知识链接〉carry on with sth＝carry on doing sth＝continue to do sth＝continue doing sth继续做某事，e.g. They carried on working, though they were very tired. 11. We hope people will support our work by sending donations to ORBIS. ＝We hope people will send donations to ORBIS to support our work.
12. Dr Ma said that 80% of the cases of blindness can be either prevented or cured. (p81)
〈知识链接〉either ⑴(两者中的)任何一个，e.g. You can park on either side of the street.
⑵either…or…(对两事物的选择)要么…要么…；不是…不是…；或者…或者…，作主语时谓语动词的形式遵循“就近原则”。e.g. ①I think she’s either English or American. ②I’ll buy either a camera or a MP3 player with the money. ③This afternoon he will either stay at home or go to the cinema. ④Either he could not come or he did not want to.他要么是不能来要么是不想来。⑤Either he or you are going to be invited to attend the presentation this coming Friday.
⑶either (用于否定句句尾)也，①Peter can’t and I can’t either. ②—Sandy won’t go
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牛津初中英语8A unit1—unit6 知识点归纳
there. —I won’t go there, either.＝Neither/Nor will I.＝Me either.
〈用法拓展〉Neither＋助动词＋主语，某某也不。So＋助动词＋主语，某某也如此。
13. After learning from the ORBIS doctors, the local doctors can then help people in their areas.
向奥比斯的医生学习之后，当地的医生们就可以帮助所在地区的人了。 (p81) 〈知识链接〉after作介词时，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。当after引导的时间从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可以省略从句的主语，并将谓语动词变为动词-ing形式：After doing…。before/when/while/as等时间状语从句的连词也如此。e.g. After he worked for ten hours, he felt quite tired.＝After working for ten hours, he felt quite tired.
14. At that time, many children’s lives were changed because of the war. (p86) 15. Pollution is such a serious problem in many parts of the world that more action ought to be taken to prevent it. → ought to＋动词原形＝should＋动词原形 (p87)
三.【语法详解】used to, be used to, so…that, such…that ㈠used to, be used to的用法
⒈used to＋动词原形，过去常做某事；否定式为used not to do sth或did not use to do sth；疑问式为Did…use to do sth?或Used… to do sth? There be与used to的用法为：肯定式There used to be….；否定式There used not to be…或There did not use to be…；疑问式Used there to be…? e.g.
⑴She used to live on her own.→否定式：①She used not to live on her own. ②She didn’t use to live on her own. →疑问式：①Did she use to live on her own? ②Used she to live on her own?
⑵There used to be a clock tower. →否定式：①There didn’t use to be a clock tower. ②There used not be a clock tower. →疑问式：①Did there use to be a clock tower?
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牛津初中英语8A unit1—unit6 知识点归纳
②Used there to be a clock tower?
⒉be used to sth习惯某事，be used to doing sth习惯做某事，也可以表达为get/become used to sth, get/become used to doing sth。e.g. ①Daniel is/gets/becomes used to the life in the city. ②She is/gets/become used to getting up early. ㈡so…that, such…that的用法 ⒈so, such的用法：
⑴so是副词，修饰形容词或副词原级；such是形容词，修饰名词或名词短语。 ⑵such修饰含有名词单数、名词复数和不可数名词的名词短语，即：①such a/an＋形容词＋名词单数 ②such＋形容词＋名词复数 ③such＋形容词＋不可数名词。
注意以下特殊情况：such修饰名词单数时可以转换为so，但是词序不同，即：such a/an＋形容词＋名词单数＝so＋形容词＋a/an＋名词单数。当名词前有many, much, few, little这四个词修饰，只能用so，即so many/few＋名词复数，so much/little＋不可数名词；简言之，so修饰“两多”、“两少”。例如： ①such a man ②such an exciting film＝so exciting a film ③such exciting films不能说成so exciting films ④such fine weather不能说成so fine weather ⑤so many/few books不能说成such many/few books ⑥so much/little pollution不能说成such much/little pollution。
⒉so…that…, such…that…如此…以至于…，引导结果状语从句，两者在意思上可以互换。such修饰名词或名词短语；so修饰形容词或副词原级。当so前面的动词是连系动词时，so后面用形容词原级；当so前面是行为动词时，so后面用副词原级；即：连系动词＋so＋形容词原级，行为动词＋so＋副词原级。so或such的使用是中考的一个重要考点。
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