牛津初中英语8A unit1—unit6 知识点归纳
一般现在时 am/is/are＋p.p. 含 情态动can/may/must/… be＋词 p.p. have/has been + p.p. 一般过去时 was/were＋p.p. 现在完成时 一般将来时 will/shall be＋p.p. 现在进行am/is/are being + p.p. am/is/are going to be＋时 p.p. ⒋主动改为被动语态的例子：主动语态基本结构为主、谓、宾。
⑴His brother washes dishes every day. → Dishes are washed every day by
his brother.
主(执行者) 谓 宾(承受者) 其他
⑵Peter will clean the room tomorrow. →The room will be cleaned tomorrow by Peter.
⑶He must look after the little boy. →The little boy must be looked after by him. ⑷The students are watching a charity show. →A charity show is being watched by the students.
㈣特殊情况的被动语态
简单句五种基本形式中的其中两种变为被动语态时十分重要：
⒈主谓＋双宾：这类短语含有介词to或for。如：give, send, show, buy, make… ⑴give sb sth＝give sth to sb，buy sb sth＝buy sth for sb
主动语态：Amy gave me some nice stickers.＝Amy gave some nice stickers to me. 被动语态：I was given some nice stickers by Amy.或Some nice stickers were given to me by Amy.
⑵主动：A fairy gave the princess a magic wand.＝A fairy gave a magic wand to Princess Laura.
被动：The princess was given a magic wand by a fairy.或A magic wand was given to the princess.
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牛津初中英语8A unit1—unit6 知识点归纳
总结含有双宾语的动词短语变为被动语态的规则：可以把任何一个宾语作为被动语态的主语；如果把直接宾语(即物体)作为主语，动词和直接宾语之间要添加相应的介词to或for。主动语态中无论使用give sb sth 还是give sth to sb，一律按照上述句子改写，即：
give sb sth 或give sth to sb → sb be given sth或sth be given to sb，这类含有介词to或for的短语见下表 主动语态 被动语态 send sb sth或send sth to sb sb be sent sth 或sth be sent to sb show sb sth或show sth to sb sb be shown sth或sth be shown to sb buy sb sth或buy sth for sb sb be bought sth 或sth be bought for sb make sb sth或make sth for sb be made sth或sth be made for sb sb ⒉主谓宾＋省略to的不定式(即宾补)：使役动词变为被动语态时，原来省略的to一定要加上。
常见短语⑴make sb do sth→sb be made to do sth (主动语态不含to，被动语态必须带to。下同)
⑵hear sb do sth→sb be heard to do sth ⑶see sb do sth→sb be seen to do sth ⑷have sb do sth→sb be had to do sth
注意特殊例子：let sb do sth →sb be let do sth (主动语态和被动语态都不含to。) e.g. He made the workers work 12 hours a day. → The workers were made to work 12 hours a day.
㈤主动形式表示被动意义：有些不及物动词(其主语大都指物)的主动语态可以表示被动意义。
⒈某些连系动词。这些动词有feel, taste, smell, sound, prove等。
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牛津初中英语8A unit1—unit6 知识点归纳
①The coffee smells delicious. ②The story proved quite false. ⒉某些可与well, easily, quickly等副词连用的不及物动词。
①This kind of bikes sells well. ②This kind of rice cooks more quickly than that kind. ⒊某些可用于“主＋谓＋主补”结构中的不及物动词。e.g. The bag broke open. ⒋动名词在be worth doing句型中的主动形式表示被动含义。
①His novels are so well worth reading that I want one. ②These stamps are worth collecting.
⒌动名词在need, want, require等动词后，主动形式表示被动含义。need doing＝need to be done
①The problem requires dealing with immediately. ②Her bike needed repairing. ⒍动词不定式的主动形式在too…to…句型中表示被动含义。The box is too heavy to carry.
⒎有些形容词后的动词不定式有被动含义。这些形容词有easy, difficult, heavy, nice, good, pleasant, important, useful, dangerous等。
①Bad habits are easy to contract. ②English is difficult to learn.
Unit4
一.【精选词汇】 ㈠重点短语
1. hold a microphone拿着麦克风→比较：The host came on stage with a microphone in his hand.
2. Congratulations!祝贺你！congratulations在向别人表示祝贺、祝福时常用复数。(p60)
3. be chosen to be/as the host of a charity show →be chosen to be/as…被选作… 〈知识链接〉be chosen to do sth被选做某事，e.g. Hepburn was chosen to play the lead role.
4. fund-raising activities for charities为慈善机构筹款的活动，advertise on the Internet在网上做广告→advertise on TV/in the newspaper/in the magazine在电视上/报纸上/杂志上做广告，organize a charity show 组织慈善演出，sell books to raise
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牛津初中英语8A unit1—unit6 知识点归纳
money卖书来筹款 (p61)
5. give out leaflets发传单→give…out分发，动词＋副词结构，give it/them out。 6. return to school重返学校→return ⑴回到return to＋地点 ⑵return sth to sb把某物归还某人
〈知识链接〉⑴return to…＝go back to…回到…⑵return sth to sb＝give sth back to sb归还…
①Hong Kong returned to China in1997. ②I remembered returning the book to the library.
7. help protect rivers and lakes in China帮助保护中国的河流和湖泊→help (to) do sth帮助做…
8. host a charity show主持慈善演出，start working on the show开始着手演出工作 (p62)
9. have a lot of support from local businesses得到当地企业的许多支持 〈知识链接〉have support from sb＝have sb’s support得到某人的支持，e.g. have my parents’ support.
business n.⑴企业；商行 ⑵事情①Mind your own business.＝It’s none of your business.不关你的事。②on business因公；公干He has gone to Beijing on business.③business hours营业时间
〈用法拓展〉⑴be busy with sth忙于某事 ⑵be busy (in) doing sth忙于做某事(联想记忆：因为忙的时候人在做事，所以be busy之后用动词的ing形式) ⑶as busy as a bee极忙碌地
10. perform on the stage在舞台上表演→perform v. →performer n.表演者→performance n.表演
11. on the side door在侧门上，at both sides of the stage在舞台的两侧，in the middle 24
牛津初中英语8A unit1—unit6 知识点归纳
of the stage在舞台的中间，in the four corners of the school hall在学校礼堂的四个角落里 (p67)
12. design the poster设计海报，set up the stage搭建舞台，ask friends and families to come (p70)
13. make a sentence造句→make a sentence with…用…造句，keep silent保持沉默，from now on从今以后(用于将来时)，since then自那时起(用于完成时)，day and night日日夜夜，first of all首先；最重要的是，care more about…多关注…→care more about the people in need，care only about…只关心…，care about…在乎…, 关心… (p72)
14. make/do a speech演讲→freedom of speech言论的自由 (p73) ㈡词汇解析
1. 中国的慈善机构：Project Hope希望工程，Spring Bud Project春蕾计划，Project Green Hope绿色希望工程，Save China’s Tigers拯救中国虎
2. TV cameras摄像机，TV station电视台→Chinese Central Television Station＝CCTV
3. rise ⑴vi. 上升，(太阳、月亮)升起→反义词set，e.g. ①The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳东升西落。②The curtain rose. ⑵(水)涨高 e.g. The river rose after the rain. ⑶(物价)上涨 e.g. Prices have risen surprisingly.物价上涨得很惊人。 〈用法拓展〉⑴rise→rose→risen vi.上升；升起 ⑵raise→raised→raised vt.举起；升起，筹集 二.【重点句型】
1. Only if you sleep less during the day.只要你白天少睡一些觉 (p60) 〈知识链接〉only if…只要…就…；只有…才…
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