五看：look at、see、watch、notice、observe 三使：have、make、let 两听：listen to 、hear 一感觉：feel
The boss made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工作。
【Example 1】I have heard both teachers and students D well of him.
A. to speak B. spoken C. to have spoken D. speak
[解析]：题目中有have, 后面是不定式作宾补。所以省略to 【Example 2】The engines are made A at full speed.
A. to work B. work C. working D. to be worked
题目表示的是被动语态。尽管有―五看三使两听一感觉‖中的词，仍然要加上to
6. 在以上的五种基本句型中，Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋ Indirect object(间接宾语)＋Direct object (直接宾语) 和Subject(主语)＋Verb (动词)＋Object (宾语)＋Complement(补语) 分别称为双宾语和复合宾语。都是动词后面带有―两个宾语‖。要区分这两种基本句型非常简单。只要在动词后面的两个宾语中间加上个―是‖，如果逻辑成立，即复合宾语，就是Subject(主语)＋Verb (动词)＋Object (宾语)＋Complement(补语)；如果逻辑不成立，即双宾语，就是Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋ Indirect object(间接宾语)＋Direct object (直接宾语) Mother bought me a book.
这句话中， 在后面两个宾语中间加上―是‖，构成：―me‖是―a book‖. 我是一本书，很显然逻辑是错误的。因此这句话是双宾语。属于Subject＋Verb＋ Indirect object＋Direct object结构。
We found him an honest person.
这句话中， 在后面两个宾语中间加上―是‖，构成：―him‖是―an honest person‖.他是个诚实的人。逻辑正确。因此是复合宾语。属于. Subject＋Verb ＋Object ＋Complement结构。
7. 除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。下面以基本句型五（v+o+o.c）为例： We found the hall full. 我们发现礼堂坐满了。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the People's Daily on current affairs in East Europe.
我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。
二、 疑问句
1. 一般疑问句 General Questions. 是将助动词、情态动词和系动词be置于主语前面。并用yes/no来回答。
Is he in the reading-room? –Yes, he is./No, he isn’t. 他在阅览室吗？--是的，他在/不，他不在。
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Is this train leaving for London? –Sorry, I have no idea./ I’m afraid not. 这班火车开往伦敦吗？--对不起，我不知道。/恐怕不。
Are there any pictures in your room? 你房间里面有画吗？
Have you any difficulties with your study? 你学习上又困难吗？
如果have 不作为―有‖的意思，而作为行为动词。疑问句要用助动词do. Do you have supper at 6? 你六点吃晚饭吗？
但是在许多美国英语中，即使have作为―有‖的意思，疑问句也用了助动词do. Do you have any idea? 你有意见吗？
Does she have blue eyes? 她是蓝眼睛吗？
Must I return the book today? –Yes, you must. 我必须今天还上这本书吗？是的你必须还。 Dear you go out without your parents’ permission? 未得到父母的允许你敢出去吗？ Can you swim across the river? 你能游过这条河吗？
2. 特殊疑问句 Special Questions. 由疑问代词what, which, who, whom, whose和疑问词how, when, where, why来引导。这些疑问词不仅引导特殊疑问句，而且在句中充当一定的句子成分。
Who is in charge of the work?谁对这项工作负责？（主语）
Whose won the third prize? 谁的（作品）获得三等奖？（主语）
What would you like for breakfast, Mr. Scott? 斯科特先生，早饭想吃点什么？（宾语） Which is my seat? 哪是我的座位？（表语）
Which room do you live in? 你住哪一个房间？（宾语的定语） Whose pen is this？这是谁的钢笔？（表语的定语）
How many students are there in your class? 你们班有多少学生？（how many作主语定语） 疑问副词在引导特殊疑问句，并在句中作状语。
How did you enjoy your Christmas? 你如何过圣诞节？ Where have you put my book? 你把我书放哪了？
Why should you be so interested in my affairs? 你为什么对我的事情如此感兴趣？ 3. 附加疑问句 Tag-questions（又称反意疑问句）
主要由―陈述句+疑问句‖构成。可以要求对方证实所述的情况或看法。通常这两部分是反意的。陈述部分是肯定，后面的附加问句就是否定。陈述部分是否定，后面附加部分是肯定。 陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 aren't I。
I'm as tall as your sister, aren't I? 我跟你姐一样高，对吗？ 陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。例如： I wish to have a word with you, may I? 我想与你说句话，行吗？
陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。
Some plants never blown, do they ? 有些植物从不开花，对吗？
含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。 He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he? 他应该知道该做什么，对吗？ 陈述部分有have to +v. （had to + v.），疑问部分常用don't +主语（didn't +主语）。 We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we? 我们要在明天早上八点到达那儿，是吗？ 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。
He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he? 他以前常在那儿拍照，是吗？ 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?
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You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you? 你最好自己去读，好吗？ 陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he? 他宁可读十遍也不愿意背诵，是吗？
陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。
You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you? 你想和我们一块去，对吗？
当陈述部分是I think 加从句时，疑问句应和从句的人称时态保持一致。 I suppose, I believe , I suspect, I imagine
附加句与从句里面的动词保持一致。但是要注意否定转移
I don’t thank(that) she cares, does she? 我想她并不仔细，不是吗？ I suppose ( that) he’s serious, isn’t he? 我猜他很严肃，是吗？ I think chickens can swim, can’t they? 我想鸡会游泳，是吗？
I think Lucy is a good girl, isn’t she? 我想露西是个好女孩，是吗？ I didn't think he was happy, was he? 我想他并不快乐，对吗？ 当陈述部分是祈使句时，疑问句要根据语气来表达 Let’s go out for a walk, shall we? 我们去游泳，好吗？ Let us go our for a walk, will you? 我们去游泳，你呢？ Turn on the radio, will you? 把收音机打开，好吗？
反义疑问句的回答用yes， no， 但是，当陈述部分是否定形式时，回答要按事实。如： They don’t work hard, do they? 他们不太努力工作，是吗？
Yes, they do. 不，他们工作努力。/No, they don’t. 对， 他们工作不努力。 must反义疑问句的用法。must反义疑问句就三种可能： ①must ②needn't ③变换句式 1、mustn't→must
mustn't在陈述句中的意思一般是不允许，禁止，所以他的反义疑问句用must或may You mustn't smoke here, must you?或may you? 2、必须→needn't
当must在陈述句中作―必须‖解时，它的反义疑问句就变成needn't You must go now ,needn't you? 3、变换句式
在must表示推测，做―一定，准是‖，简单的说就是must用于虚拟语气时 像数学一样我们引入一个―常量‖——I am sure that 我们变换一下。
He must have come yesterday. 变换句式作
I am sure that he came yesterday. 好我们应该分清，反义疑问句问的应该是I am sure that 后面的从句
所以，按照一般反义疑问句的规则得出结果 I am sure that he came yesterday, didn't he? 最后再把句子还原
He must have come yesterday，didn't he?
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You must have seen the play last week, didn’t you? I’m sure you saw the play last week, didn’t you?
三、 祈使句
祈使句The Imperative Sentence,即动词原形为首，用来表示命令、请求、要求、劝告、忠告、叮嘱、警告、建议、号召、指示、邀请、允许、禁止、祝愿、诅咒等。
Fire! 开火！ Shut the door, please. 请把门关上。Don’t talk any more. 别说话了。 Let’s have a meeting to discuss it. 我们开个会讨论一下吧。 Take an aspirin for your headache. 吃片阿司匹林治你头疼。
四、 感叹句
感叹句 The Exclamatory Sentence, 主要用来表示说话人的惊异、喜悦、赞赏、气愤、遗憾等情绪。通常用how或者what来引导。how放于what句首，主语、谓语用正常语序位于其后，句末用感叹号。
副词how修饰形容词、副词或动词。 How careless he is! 他多么粗心啊！
How foolish you must have thought I was! 你一定认为我多么傻啊！ 代词what修饰名词。
What fine weather we have today! 今天天气多好啊！ What nonsense you talk! 你胡说什么！
What strange ideas you have! 你的想法真怪！
按结构分类
一、 简单句 The simple sentence
包括一个主谓结构的句子。有时一个句子虽然有两个或者两个以上的主语或者谓语，仍然是简单句。
Spring is the best season for planting trees. 春天是植树的最佳季节。
Sugar, starches, fats and proteins are foods. 糖、淀粉、脂肪和蛋白质都是食物。
Heat, light, electricity and sound are different forms of energy and can be converted form one form into another. 热、光、电和声是不同形式的能且相互间可以从一种形式转化承另一种形式。
二、 并列句
如果一篇文章所有的句子都是五种基本句式，就表达不了上下文的逻辑关系，句子与句子之间的联系也显得异常松散。我们也注意到，英语文章中的句子都很长，靠的就是用连词把前后句子组成较长的并列句（Compound Sentences）和复合句（Complex Sentences）。
这种句子是由并列连词and, but, yet, for, as well as, either …or, both … and, neither … nor, not only … but also, whether … or, so等等把简单句连接起来组成的，用来表达并联、选择、转折、否定、递进等关系。如果前后的句子是先后关系或者并列关系，可以在任何句子之间加上连词。
I enjoy music and he is fond of playing guitar.
The two words spelled differently, but pronounced the same.
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Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm.
当我们要表达的两个观点不一致时，就可以使用表达转折意义的连词。 The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. The coat was thin, but it was warm.
当我们要表达先后或因果关系时，就可以使用表达因果关系顺序的连词。 The snow began to fall, so we went home.
He sold his farm, so he had enough money for his journey.
三、 复合句
1. 主语从句
主语从句在句子中担当主语成分。 What you are doing seems very difficult. = It seems very difficult what you are doing. Whether he will come or not is unknown. = It is unknown whether he will come or not.
Whoever will be married to Tom is none of our business. = It is none of our business whoever will be married to Tom. 2. 宾语从句
宾语从句在句子中担当宾语成分，是英语中使用量最大的从句之一。 My major professor stated that science courses required a laboratory period. We don’t know which method is much better to English teaching. Students want to know how these interesting phenomena happen. 3. 表语从句
在―主语 + 系动词 + 表语‖结构中，当表语由句子来充当时，这个充当表语的句子就是表语从句了。
When this railway station is to be finished is what people are popularly concerned about. The first reason is that some people don’t know how to say ―No‖.
My problem is whether they will discuss the question at the meeting or behind closed doors. Our concern is who will be elected the next president of the association. 4. 同位语从句
同位语从句是比较难以掌握的名词性从句，关键是要搞清楚这个从句和它前面的名词（如idea, suggestion, fact, news, opinion, evidence, indication）之间是―同等‖的关系，是要说明这个名词的具体内容的。
The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.
The boss agreed on the idea that we reduced the total of production. We all know the fact that our earth is short of fresh water.
There is indication that fresh water is decreasing in many places. 5. 定语从句
一．限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句
I want this man, who (=for he) can speak English. He gave up the plan, which was a very good one. I met John, who told me the news.
I well take this one, which seems to be the best one.
He has two sons, who work in the same company. (He has only two sons.)
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