则无论已婚或未婚，都可单独使用 Madam 或其复数 Mesdames。
⑤对外国高级官员的称呼，如国家元首、政府首脑、部长、大使、公使和特使等，可用（Dear）Sir， （Dear）Mr. Chairman，（Dear）Mr. Premier， （My dear）Mr. Ambassador，Your Excellency （复数为 Excellencies）。
⑥对君主制国家的国王和皇帝等男性君主，可以 Sir 称呼，对女王、女皇和皇后等女性君主，可用 Madam 称呼。有时也用 Your Majesty 称呼以表示。客气和尊敬Your Majesty 可兼指男性和女性，其复数为 Your Majesties。 ⑦对王室成员，如太子、王子、亲王和公主等，一般可用（Dear）Sir 或（Dear）Madam 但在正式尊称时，一般用 Your Highness (复数为 Highnesses)。 收信人称呼
先生（男人）Mr./Esq. 夫人（已婚）Mrs. 小姐（未婚）Miss 夫人、小姐统称Ms. 夫妇俩人Mr.and Mrs.
两位或两位以上男子Messrs
两位或两位以上女子（已婚）Mesdames 两位或两位以上小姐（未婚）Misses 常见的头衔（汉英对照）如下： 教授Professor
博士Doctor(Dr.,Ph.D.)
医学博士Medical Doctor(M.D.) 总统或校长President 主席或董事长Chairman
副主席或副董事长Vice Chairman 副总统或副校长Vice President 首相Prime Minister 总理Premier
省长或州长Governor 市长Mayor 参议员Senator 大使Ambassador
秘书长Secretary General 一秘First Secretary 二秘Second Secretary 院长Director,Dean 副院长Vice Director 系主任Dean,Head,Chair 馆长Chief Librarian,Curator 阁下Excellency 神甫Father
4.信的正文（Body of the Letter）
信的正文每段第一行应往右缩进约四五个字母。在写事务性信件时，正文一般开门见山，内容简单明了，条理清楚。在写私人信件时，信写好之后若有什么
遗漏，可用 P. S.表示补叙。
5.结束语（Complimentary Close）
结束语是写信人表示自己对收信人的一种谦称，只占一行，低于正文一二行，从信纸的中间或偏右的地方开始写。第一个词的开头字母要大写，末尾用逗号。结束语视写信人与收信人的关系而定例如写给机关、团体或不相识的人的信，一般用：
Yours (very) truly, Yours (very) faithfully,Yours (very) sincerely， 等等。 写给上级和长者的信一般可用：
Yours (very) respectfully, Yours (very) obediently, Yours gratefully, Yours appreciatively, Your obedient servant, 等等。
写给同志或同事的信一般可用：
Fraternally yours, Comradely yours，等等。 写给熟人或朋友的信可用：
Yours, Ever yours, Yours affectionately, As ever, Yours sincerely Yours devotedly, (Most) Fondly yours, Yours excitedly, Intimately yours，等等。 写给亲属或挚友的信一般用：
Yours, Ever yours, Yours as ever, As ever, Yours affectionately, Lovingly yours, (Much) Love, With Love,Lovingly, Your loving son, Your most affectionate, Your devoted friend, Devotedly, 等等，意即：―您的‖、―永远是您的‖、―您的亲爱的‖、―您的爱子（孩子、姐妹、侄、侄女、祖母）‖ 、―您的挚友‖等。 写给挚友的信有时也可用：
Yours hurriedly, Yours hastily, Yours in haste, 等等。 写信给挚友，表示歉意时，可用：
Contritely yours, Regretfully yours, Yours in (with) regret, Yours in (with) deep remorse 等。
在欧洲一些国家里，多把Yours 放在 sincerely等词的前面。在美国和加拿大等国，则多用，把 yours 放在 Sincerely 等词之后。Yours 一词有时也可省略。 6.签名（Signature）
信末的签名一般低于结束语一二行，从信纸中间偏右的地方开始写。若写信人是女性，与收信人又不相识，则一般在署名前用括号注上 Miss, Mrs.或 Ms.，以便对方回信时知道如何称呼。有的还有署名后写上自己的职称、职务或头衔 7.附件（Enclosure）
信件若有附件，应在左下角注明 Encl. 或 Enc.。若附件不止一个，则应写出2（或3，4，5等）Encls.，例如： Enc: Resume
Encls:Grade Certificate
8.再启（Postscript, 缩写为 P. S.）
再启部分用于补叙正文中遗漏的话，一般应尽量少用，正式的函件中更应避免使用。
二、注意事项
首先，写信者应设身处地想到对方，尊重对方的风俗习惯。
其次，英文信应该行文流畅、言简意赅，避免冗长。这就是说，写信者应用尽可能少的文字表达其必须传递的信息，而且写信者应将其所需传递的信息表达清楚，以免对方产生误解。书信交往，同样需要以礼待人。因而在写信过程中，要
避免伤害对方感情，措辞上多选用些礼貌婉转词语。
最后，除了避免语法、拼写、标点错误外，信中所引用的史料、数据等也应准确无误。
三、常用句式 常用的起首语有：
1）Thank you for your letter dated Dec.22,1969. 2)Many thanks for your letter of Sept.5，1997.
3)A thousand thanks for your kind letter of June 5,1997. 4)Your kind letter of November 22th arrived this morning.
5)Your letter which arrived this morning gave me great comfort. 6)In reply to your letter dated 4th July,I want to say…
7)Thank you very much for your letter of August 2 and the gift you sent me on Christmas Eve.
8)What a treat to receive your kind letter of May 5th! 9)It is always a thrill to see your nice handwriting.
10)First of all I must thank you for your kind assistance and high attention to me . 11)With great delight I learn from your letter of this Sunday that …
14)I am very much pleased to inform you that my visit to your country has been approved.
15)I wish to apply for teaching position you are offering. 16)I am too excited and delighted at your good news.
17)I am very obliged to you for your warm congratulations.… 常用的结束语有：
1）Awaiting your good news,
2)Looking forward to your early reply, 3)Hoping to hear from you soon, 4)We await your good news.
5)I hope to hear from you very soon.
6)We look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience. 7)I look forward to our next meeting there in Los Angeles. 8)Your early reply will be highly appreciated.
9)Any other particulars wanted we shall be pleased to send you. 10)The help you give me is sincerely valued. 11)I hope everything will be well with you .
12)Please let us know if you want more information. 13)I hope you always enjoy yourself.
14)I wish you very success in the coming year. 15)Please remember me to your family. 16)With best regards to your family. 17)All the best.
18)With love and good wishes. 四、分类举例
1）私人介绍信（Private Letter of Introduction） Dear Mrs Mark，
I am giving Miss Fang Li, a classmate of mine, this note of introduction to you and Mr. Mark, when she goes to visit New York City. Miss Li is my good friend. She is invited by a university to study there for a few months. She is a kind young lady. I believe you will enjoy meeting and knowing each other and become friends. It is my hope that you will kindly invite her to stay in your house for a few days. Kind regards
Very affectionately, ×××
例2 Dear Tony,
This letter will introduce my best friend Mary Brown of whom you‘ve often heard me mention. She is going to be in Washington D. C. next month to lecture. I want very much to have her meet you there.
And this seems like an excellent chance for you to meet each other. I think both of you will have a lot in common. So far as I know, you both are interested in modern literature. Once you meet her, you will really enjoy her company. Any kindness to her will be duly appreciated by me.
Yours affectionately, ××× 2）应聘信（Accepting Request for an Interview） 例1
Dear Mr. Wang,
Thank you for your reply of August 20 about my application for a position. It came to hand this morning as a pleasant surprise. I am glad to tell you that I will attend the interview at the time you set for the morning of August 30. I will bring along full details of my testimonials as you suggested.
I would like to introduce myself to the company and hope to be a member of it. I would certainly spare no effort to acquit myself to your satisfaction. Yours respectfully, ×××
come to hand 表示收到。set 表示设定时间。 spare no effort 不遗余力。 3)推荐信(Letters of Recommendation) 例1
Directions:You are preparing to introduce your student to sb. Write a letter about 100 words and express your opinion clearly. 1) what the referee want to obtain
2) the reason you want to introduce him or her. 3) the opinion and suggestion of yourself. You do not need to write the address. Dear Professor Smith,
It is my pleasure to recommend my student Mr. Wang Gang for admission to your department for pursuing a master degree in accounting.
I am engaged in accounting teaching at a university in Beijing China, I enjoy my work and all of my Chinese students, who are so clever and friendly. However Mr.
Wang Gang excels almost any others. He is not only outstanding in the field of
accounting but also gifted for the English language, for he seems to understand almost every word I say in class. As concern as his personality, I find him honest, responsible, and cooperative. I bet you‘ll like him too.
I recommend him enthusiastically. If you need further information regarding Mr. Wang Gnag, do not hesitate to contact me. Best regards,
Sincerely yours, ×××
be engaged in 表示从事（……工作），as concern as关于、提及 例2
Dear Mr. Manager,
I am writing this letter to recommendate my student Wang Gang who is seeking the position of marketing clerk of your company.
He says you are satisfied with his presentation at the interview and require recommendation to be attached to his exceptional academic performance in the college.
As his political instructor, I think Mr.Wang is well qualified for the position he seeks. He always ranks among the top five in his grade, has passed CET-6 and obtains a certificate of intermediate computer skills. Mr. Wang is a studious, selfless, and aspiring young man, and he is awarded the title of Three Good Activist by the college every year.
I believe he is a good candidate worthy of your consideration. Your sincerely, ×××
interview即面试， be well qualified表示完全具有资格、很合格 例3
Directions:You are going to write a recommendation for sb. as you will
introduce him or her a job. Please express your idea clearly about 100 words.You do not need to write the address. Dear Sirs,
I take delight in recommending Mr Wang Gang to the Education Department of your university.
Mr Wang is a conscientious and strong-minded young man. He was first trained for two years in Beijing Normal University and assigned to work as a high school teacher. His desire, however, was to instruct English in a university. Then he entered the Beijing Institute of Education to study English for another two years . His
academic record was exceptionally good, especially in American literature course. Now, He has graduated from the institute and hopes to study further abroad, which will benefit his future employment prospect and may help fulfil his desire. I should appreciate it very much if you would consider him. Yours sincerely, ××× take delight in表示很乐于（做某事）。
