大学英语四级语法精要
He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. (?whose name I’ve?)
of which前的名词词组也可以由some, any, none, all, both, several, enough, many, most, few以及基数词担任; 这些词也能用在 of whom之前.
The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.
It’s a family of eight children, all of whom are studying music.
4、关系副词 when, where, why: 它们的含义相当于 at which, in
which, for which, 因此它们之间有交替使用的可能.The day when he was born?；on which he was born?；which he was born on?；The office where he works?；at which he works?；which he works at?
1）有时可用that替代关系副词, 在口语中that 可省略. Every time (that) the telephone rings, he gets nervous. This was the first time I had serious trouble with my boss. Do you know anywhere (that) I can get a drink? This is the place (where) we met yesterday. That is the reason (why) he did it.
2）在the way 后也可用that 替代in which, 在口语中that也可省
略.
This is the way (that/in which) he did it.
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大学英语四级语法精要
That’s the way I look at it.
（三）如果定语从句中谓语为 there is, 作主语的关系代词也常可省掉:
1、I must make full use of the time there is left to me and do
as much as I can for the people.
2、This is the fastest train (that) there is to Nanjing. （四）定语从句的简化: 定语从句与不定式结构, -ing分词结构, -ed
分词结构以及无动词分句等有着转换关系.
1、He was the only one to realize the danger (= who realized the
danger).
2、The man injured by the bullet (= who was injured by the bullet)
was taken to hospital.
3、All the women present (= who were present) looked up in alarm. 八、倒装
（一）全部倒装和部分倒装
1、如果谓语在主语前面, 就是倒装语序. 倒装语序又分为全部倒装和
部分倒装. 在全部倒装的句子中, 整个谓语都放在主语的前面: Here are some registered letters for you.
2、在部分倒装的句子中只是谓语中的一部分(如助动词, 情态动词,
或系动词be等)放在主语前面, 其余部分仍在主语后面: · Under no circumstances must a soldier leave his post. I couldn’t answer the question. Nor could anyone else in our class.
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大学英语四级语法精要
Only in this way is it possible to accomplish the above-mentioned glorious task. （二）以neither, nor, so等开始的句子
1、由so引起的表示前面所说情况也适用于另一人(或东西)的句子(肯
定句), 由neither, nor引起的表示前面所说情况也适用于另一人(或东西)的句子(否定句), 助动词或be置于主语前.
· “We must start for the work-site now”. “ So must we.” I am quite willing to help and so are the others.
He didn’t drop any hint. Nor (Neither) did his secretary. “I won’t do such a thing.” “Nor (Neither) will I.” 2、如果一个句子只是重复前面一句话的意思, 尽管是用so开头, 语
序也不要颠倒.
· “It was cold yesterday.” “So it was.” “Tomorrow will be Monday.” “So it will.”
（三）当句首状语为 never, little, not only, not until, hardly,
scarcely等否定词或有否定意义的词语时, 一般引起部分倒装.
1、No longer are they staying with us.
2、No sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill.
3、Under no circumstances could I agree to such a principle. （四）表示位置或方向的副词提前, 谓语动词为 go, come等表示位置
转移的动作动词而主语又较长时, 通常用全部倒装:
· There was a sudden gust of wind and away went his hat.
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大学英语四级语法精要
The door burst open and I rushed the crowd. There comes the bus! Now comes your turn. 1、如果主语是代词, 仍用正常语序: · There comes your turn.
2、有here引起, 谓语为be的句子, 也要倒装: · Here is China’s largest tropical forest. Here are some picture-books. 3、如果主语是代词, 仍用正常语序:
· Here we are. This is the new railway station. “Give me some paper.” “Here you are.” （五）表语和系动词提前: 1、介词短语
· On the other side was northern Xinjiang.
Near the southern end of the village was a large pear orchard. 2、 形容词
· Very important in the farmer’s life is the radio weather report.
Worst of all were the humiliations he suffered. 3、 副词
· Below is a restaurant.
Southwest of the reservoir were 2,000 acres of sandy wasteland. 4、 分词
· Housed in the Cultural Palace are a library, an auditorium
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大学英语四级语法精要
and recreation rooms.
Hidden underground is a wealth of gold, silver, copper, lead and zink.
Standing beside the table was an interpreter.
5、句首状语若由 only + 副词, only + 介词词组, only + 状语从句
构成, 引起局部倒装:
· Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing. Only through sheer luck did he manage to get some tickets. Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end.
· 有not only开头的句子或分句, 往往引起局部倒装:
Not only did he complain about the food, he also refused to pay for it.
Not only did the garage overcharge me, but they hadn’t done a very good repair job either. 九、比较级和最高级
（一）无比较级和最高级的形容词及副词: complete, perfect, utter, etc
（二）比较从句
1、as?as, almost/just/nearly as?as, not so/as ?as: · We’ll give you as much help as we can. I haven’t made as much progress as I should.
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