大学英语四级语法精要
I regret to inform you that? 我很遗憾地通知你?
I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了\二十年前的离开\而遗憾。
· try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. · try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day.
I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。
To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 · prefer的用法：
I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。）
I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。）
3、分词：现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 1）现在分词的形式: · 一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) · 完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前)
· 完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect. (发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) 2）过去分词
· 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared.
· 过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做)
· 这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成
分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 （四）V．+ing形式(现在分词及动名词) 1、形式
1）完成式: 如果要表示动名词代表的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生, 通常用动名词的完成形式.
· He didn’t mention having met me.
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大学英语四级语法精要
I regret not having taken her advice.
· 在某些动词后(或成语中), 常用动名词的一般形式, 尽管动作是在
谓语所表示的动作之前发生的. Excuse me for coming late.
I don’t remember ever seeing him anywhere.
· 现在分词的完成式主要用在状语中, 表示这动作在谓语所表示的动
作之前发生.
Having been there many times, he offered to be our guide. Having found the cause, they were able to propose a remedy. · 另外, 独立结构也可用现在分词的完成形式.
The guests having left, they resumed their discussion. The children, having eating their fill, were allowed to leave the table.
2） 被动式: 当一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这动作的对象时, 动名词一般要用被动形式.
· His being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness.
He couldn’t bear being made fun of like that.
· 但要注意, 在want, need, deserve, require 等动词后, 尽管表
示的是被动的意思, 却用动名词的主动形式.My pen needs filling. The point deserves mentioning. · 在worth这个形容词后情形也是这样. Her method is worth trying.
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大学英语四级语法精要
· 现在分词的被动式可以用来作定语, 宾语补足语, 状语及用于独立
结构中.
This is one of the experiments being carried on in our laboratory.
Being asked to give a performance, she couldn’t very well refuse.
These are sold at reduced prices, the defects always being pointed out to the customers.
3）完成被动式: 如果表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生, 有时需要用动名词的完成被动式.
I don’t remember having ever been given a chance to try this method.
· 但在多数情况下都避免使用这一形式, 而用一般被动形式代替, 以
免句子显得累赘.
· 现在分词的完成被动式一般用来作状语或用于独立结构中. Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away?
The decision having been made, the next problem was how to make a good plan.
All the compositions having been written and collected, the teacher sent the students home. 2、 句法功用
1）作主语:Walking is good exercise. It’s nice talking to you.
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大学英语四级语法精要
2）作宾语:Your shoes need polishing. You mustn’t delay sending the tractors over.
3）作介词宾语: 动名词作介词宾语用的时候最多. 它常可以用在某些
成语后面, 常见的有: insist on, persist in, think of, dream of, object to, suspect?of, accuse?of, charge?with, hear of, approve of, prevent?from, keep?from, stop?from, refrain from, be engaged in, look forward to, opposed to, depend on, thank?for, feel like, excuse?for, aim at, devote?to, set about, spend?in, get (be) used to, be fond of, be capable of, be afraid of, be tired of, be sick of, succeed in, be interested in, feel (be) ashamed of, be proud of, be keen on, be responsible for.
4）作表语: The real problem is getting to know the needs of the people.
· 动名词和不定式都可以作主语或表语. 一般说来, 在表示抽象的一
般的行为时多用动名词; 在表示具体某词动作, 特别是将来的动作时, 多用不定式.
5）作宾语补足语: 分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, find,
keep, get, have等动词后作宾语补足语. The words immediately set us all laughing. Once we caught him dozing off in class.
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大学英语四级语法精要
· 在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等动词后, 及可用现在分词,
也可用不定式构成宾语补足语. 用现在分词时, 表示动作正在发生, 用不定式时表示动作发生了.
Do you hear someone knocking at the door? Yes, I did. I heard him knock three times.
6）作状语: 现在分词作状语时, 通常都表示主语正在进行的另一动作,
来对谓语表示的主要动作加以修饰或作为陪衬.I ran out of the house shouting. I got home, feeling very tired.
· 现在分词短语有时可以用作状语表示原因, 相当于一个表示原因的
状语从句.
Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her. Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note. Having already seen the film twice, she didn’t want to go to the cinema.
· 现在分词短语有时可用作时间状语, 相当于when引起的从句: Seeing those pictures, he couldn’t help thinking of those memorable days they spent together.
· 如果两个动作是完全同时发生的, 多用when 或while加分词这种
结构.
Be careful when crossing the street.
When leaving the airport, they waved again and again to us. She got to know them while attending a conference in Beijing.
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