scientific advances that are mentioned in your article are interesting.
2）表语
如：My grandfather was delighted to hear I passed my exams.
3）宾语补足语
如：After the robbery, they found the front windows broken.
2．v-ed可以接在动词后面表示动作同时发生。如：stand sit lie
如：She lay trapped under the building for three days. (She lay there and was trapped.)
二 V-ed短语
v-ed短语可以是v-ed单独使用，也可以后面接宾语和/或状语。
如：She left the restaurant, disappointed.
She left the restaurant, disappointed with the bad service.
1．表被动的v-ed短语可以表示：
1）时间
如：The scientist has copied a human cell, assisted by recent advances in medical science. = The scientist has copied a human cell, and at that time was assisted by recent advances in medical science.
2）原因
如：Shocked by the article, the woman wrote a letter to the newspaper. = The woman wrote a letter to the newspaper because she was shocked by the article.
3) 条件
如：Treated with electricity, the cell tissue will split into several parts.= If it is treated with electricity, the cell tissue will split into several parts.
2．v-ed形式有一个逻辑主语。在上述例子中，逻辑主语都是主句的主语。
如：the scientist who was assisted by recent advances in medical science
the woman who was shocked by the article
the cell tissue which is treated with electricity
所有这些主语都跟主句的主语一致。
三 V-ed和V-ing 都可以做形容词
1．v-ing形式用来描述某人或某物给人造成某种感觉，在意义上通常是主动的。 如：I noticed an amazing difference.
Some people find it exciting that they could make copies of themselves in the future.
2．v-ed形式用来表达我们对某人或某事的感觉，在意义上通常是被动的，因为它表示我们被一个动作所影响。
如：I was surprised to learn that they had copied a human cell.
The boy was more frightened than hurt.
牛津高中英语－模块六
第一单元
时态的概要1：现在时态
现在时态可以用来谈论现在的时间，包括一般现在时态，现在进行时态，现在完成时态和
