实验九 泌尿系统
报告主题：肾单位 主题属性：指定 标本号：29# 材料：兔肾切片 染色：HE染色
教学要求：掌握肾的组织结构特点及其判断依据。
远端小管 Distal tubule 致密斑
Macula densa
血管球
Renal corpuscle 近端小管
Proximal tubule
图9 肾单位（兔肾切片，HE染色，40×10）
Figure9 nephron（Rabbit renal biopsy，HE stained，40×10）
肾单位是尿生成与排泄的基本结构单位，有肾小体和语与其连接的肾小管组成。肾小体又分为血管球和肾小囊，肾小体有两个相对称的极，微动脉出入处称血管极，而肾小囊与近端小管相连处称尿极。血管球是位于入球微动脉与出球微动脉之间的盘区成球的毛细血管袢。
Nephron is the basic structure unit of urine formation and excretion, renal corpuscle and language of the renal tubules are connected. Renal corpuscle and divided into the vascular and renal capsule, renal corpuscle of two pole, said vessel in the arteriole and pole, and the renal capsule are connected to the proximal tubules in the urine. Glomus is located in the goal between arteriole and the ball arteriole panel into a ball of capillary loops.
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实验十 男性生殖系统
报告主题：生精小管 主题属性：指定 标本号：41#
材料：人睾丸和附睾切片 染色：HE染色
教学要求：掌握生精小管的结构和间质细胞的位置及结构特点。
精子
Spermatozoon
基膜
Basement membrane 间质细胞 Interstitial cell 次级精母细胞
Secondary spermatocyte 初级精母细胞
Primary spermatocyte
图10 生精小管（人睾丸和附睾切片，HE染色，40×10）
Figure10 seminiferous tubule （Human epididymis and testis biopsies，HE stained，40×10）
生精小管为高度弯曲的复层上皮性管道，管壁由生精上皮构成。生精上皮由支持细胞和5~8层的生精细胞组成。生精上皮下面基膜明显，基膜外侧有胶原纤维和梭形的肌样细胞。生精细胞包括精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精子细胞和精子。
Seminiferous tubule as highly stratified epithelium of bend pipe, tube wall consists of raw essence of epithelium. Pure epithelium by support cells and 5 ~ 8 layers of raw sperm cells.Obvious raw essence beneath the epithelial basement membrane, basal membrane outside with collagen fiber and spindle myoid cells.Born sperm cells including the spermatogonium, primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte and sperm, sperm cells.
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实验十一 软骨
报告主题：透明软骨 主题属性：自选 标本号：27#
材料：豚鼠气管横切片 染色：HE染色
教学要求：掌握光镜下透明软骨的结构特点。
软骨膜
Perichondrium 软骨囊
Cartilage capsule 软骨陷窝
Cartilage lacuna 软骨细胞 Chondrocyte
软骨基质
Cartilage matrix
图11 豚鼠气管软骨（豚鼠气管横切片，HE染色，40×10）
Figure11 Pseudostratified epithelium （Guinea pig tracheal section，HE stained，40×10） 高倍镜下，可见软骨细胞外基质呈透明蓝色（有的标本为蓝紫色）。其中，围绕在软骨细胞周边的细胞外基质，嗜碱性特别强，染成深蓝色，称为软骨囊；囊中有些细胞脱落或皱缩，留下一个小空腔，称软骨陷窝；近软骨膜的软骨细胞为幼稚的软骨细胞，为单个梭形，核扁圆，移向中央软骨细胞逐渐成熟，胞体变大变圆，细胞核从扁圆过渡到圆形。在软骨组织中央，可见软骨细胞成群聚集，细胞较大而圆，有一个统一的软骨囊，称同源细胞群。At high magnification, the visible cartilage extracellular matrix is transparent blue, some specimens are violet). Among them, around the cartilage extracellular matrix surrounding the cells, particularly strong basophilia, dyed dark blue, called cartilage capsule; A bag fall off some cells or shrivel, leaving a small cavity, called cartilage pit; Nearly perichondrium of cartilage cells into immature cartilage cells, into a single spindle, oblate, moving to the central cartilage cells gradually mature, the cell body gets bigger, it become the nucleus from flat to round. In the middle of the cartilage, cartilage cells gathered, cell is larger, round, there was a unified cartilage capsule, called homologous cells.
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实验十二 肌组织
报告主题：骨骼肌 主题属性：自选 标本号：8#
材料：狗舌骨骼肌切片 染色：HE染色
教学要求：掌握骨骼肌纵断面和横断面的结构特点。
肌细胞核
Muscle cell nucleus 肌纤维
Muscle fiber 横纹
Horizontal grain 肌膜
Sarcolemma
图12-1 狗舌骨骼肌纵断面（狗舌骨骼肌切片，HE染色，40×10）
Figure 12-1 dog tongue skeletal muscle profile (dog tongue skeletal muscle biopsy, HE stained, 40 x 10)
在纵断面上，可见骨骼肌呈条索状，有明暗相间的横纹；每条肌纤维内均有许多紧贴肌膜内面的长卵圆形胞核，染色浅，有时可见核仁；肌浆中隐约可见许多平行于肌纤维长轴排列丝状结构，即肌原纤维。
On the profile, is visible skeletal muscle is a funicular, light and white horizontal stripes; Within each muscle fiber has many close to muscle membrane inside long ovoid nuclei, staining shallow, sometimes visible nucleoli; Sarcoplasm faintly visible in many parallel to the long axis of the muscle fibers arranged filamentous structure, namely, myofibril.
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脂肪组织 Adipose tissue
肌细胞核
Muscle cell nucleus 肌纤维横断面 Muscle fiber cross-sectional
图12-2 狗舌骨骼肌横断面（狗舌骨骼肌切片，HE染色，40×10）
Figure 12-2 dogs tongue skeletal muscle cross-sectional (dog tongue skeletal muscle biopsy, HE stained, 40 x 10)
在横断面上，肌纤维呈圆形或不规则形，每个断面常可见数量不定的胞核位于肌纤维的周边，肌浆内肌原纤维呈点状均匀分布。
On cross section, the muscle fiber assumes the circular or irregular shape, each section is often visible variable number of nucleus is located in the muscle fibers surrounding, myofibril is dot evenly distributed within the sarcoplasm.
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