还有其他的办法来奖励过程。 最近，我们与来自华盛顿大学的 游戏研究者合作， 制作了一款奖励过程的数学游戏。 在这个游戏中，学生们因他们的 努力、策略与进步而受到奖励。 通常的数学游戏中， 玩家
只有在解得正确答案后 才能得到奖励， 但这个游戏奖励过程。 随着游戏的深入， 孩子们更加努力， 想出更多的策略， 身心更加投入， 当遇到尤为困难的问题时， 他们也展现了更为持久的韧劲。
Just the words the future that creates greater persistence. And we can actually change students\' mindsets. In one study, we taught them that every time they push out of their comfort zone to learn something new and difficult, the neurons in their brain can form new, stronger connections, and over time, they can get smarter.
我们发现，注重过程的思维模式， 会赋予孩子们更多自信， 指引他们不断向前，越发坚持不懈。 事实上，我们能够改变学生的思维模式。 在一项研究中，我们告诉学生们， 每当他们迫使自己走出舒适区， 学习新知识，迎接新挑战， 大脑中的神经元会形成新的 更强的连接， 他们会逐渐变得越来越聪明。
Look what happened: In this study, students who were not taught this growth mindset continued to show declining grades over this difficult school transition, but those who were taught this lesson showed a sharp rebound in their grades. We have shown this now, this kind of improvement, with thousands and thousands of kids, especially struggling students.
看看后面发生了什么吧：在这项研究中， 没有接受成长型思维模式训练的学生， 在这一困难的过渡阶段，成绩持续下滑， 但那些受过该训练的学生， 成绩强势反弹，卓有起色。 如今，我们已证实这一结论， 通过成千上万个孩子的实例， 尤其是那些在学业上挣扎的孩子。
So let\'s talk about equality. In our country, there are groups of students who chronically underperform, for example, children in inner cities, or children on Native American reservations. And they\'ve done so poorly for so long that many people think it\'s inevitable. But when educators create growth mindset classrooms steeped in yet, equality happens. And here are just a few
examples. In one year, a kindergarten class in Harlem, New York scored in the 95th percentile on the national achievement test. Many of those kids could not hold a pencil when they arrived at school. In one year, fourth-grade students in the South Bronx, way behind, became the number one fourth-grade class in the state of New York on the state math test. In a year, to a year and a half, Native American students in a school on a reservation went from the bottom of their district to the top, and that district included affluent sections of Seattle. So the Native kids outdid the Microsoft kids.
那我们就来谈谈教育平等吧。 在我们国家，有些特定区域的孩子 总是在学业上处于下游， 比如，内城区的孩子， 或印第安人居留地里的孩子。 长期以来这里的孩子都没什么起色， 以致于很多人认为没的救了。 但是当教育家们将孩子的思维 转变为成长型思维模式时， 教育平等实现了。 举几个例子吧。 纽约哈莱姆区的一所幼儿园的学生 在一年的时间内， 国家水平测试（National Achievement Test） 成绩飞跃到前百分之五。 这些孩子中有很多在入学时甚至还不会握笔。 一年之内， 远远落后的南布朗克斯区的四年级学生， 其标准数学测试成绩攀升到 纽约州所有四年级学生的第一名。 在一年到一年半的时间内， 某印第安人居留地的一所学校里的学生 成绩从全区垫底到名列前茅， 而这个区包括了西雅图市的富饶地段。 印第安孩子战胜了「微软」孩子。
This happened because the meaning of effort and difficulty were transformed. Before, effort and difficulty made them feel dumb, made them feel like giving up, but now, effort and difficulty, that\'s when their neurons are making new connections, stronger connections. That\'s when they\'re getting smarter.
这得以实现的原因，是努力与困难的意义 在孩子心目中发生了改变。 在此之前，努力与困难 让他们感觉自己很笨， 让他们想放弃， 但如今，正是努力与困难让 他们大脑中的神经元得以形成新的连接， 更强的连接。 正是在这个过程中，他们变得越来越聪明。
I received a letter recently from a 13-year-old boy. He said, that your writing is based on solid scientific research, and that\'s why I decided to put it into practice. I put more effort into my schoolwork, into my relationship with my family, and into my relationship with kids at school, and I experienced great improvement in all of those areas. I now realize I\'ve wasted most of my life.
最近，我收到一个13岁男孩的来信。 他说，「亲爱的德韦克教授， 我欣赏你的著作， 因为它们都基于可靠的科学试验， 因此，我决定将你的方法付诸实践。 我更用功地学习， 更用心地处好与家人的关系， 与同学的关系， 而在这些方面我都有了长足的进步。 现在我才意识到，过去浪费了太多生命。」
Let\'s not waste any more lives, because once we know that abilities are capable of such growth, it becomes a basic human right for children, all children, to live in places that create that growth, to live in places filled with
让我们不再浪费生命， 因为，既然我们知道 能力可以增长， 那么，生活在一个能激发进步 并让这一切变得可能的地方 就是每个孩子的权利。谢谢。
I received a letter recently from a 13-year-old boy. He said, that your writing is based on solid scientific research, and that\'s why I decided to put it into practice. I put more effort into my schoolwork, into my relationship with my family, and into my relationship with kids at school, and I experienced great improvement in all of those areas. I now realize I\'ve wasted most of my life.
