作者：邢朝斌，王明艳，吴鹏，劳凤云
【摘要】 目的探讨2,4-D和培养基对刺五加愈伤组织和体细胞胚胎生产刺五加苷B、E的影响，建立有利于刺五加苷B、E积累的刺五加体外培养体系。方法将来自同一外植体的刺五加愈伤组织和体细胞胚胎分别诱导增殖或产生次级体胚，HPLC法测定培养物中刺五加苷B、E含量和培养物质量，考察培养物类型、培养基种类和激素对刺五加苷B、E生产的影响。结果体细胞胚胎的质量虽略低于愈伤组织的质量，但体细胞胚胎生产刺五加苷B、E的能力优于愈伤组织。2,4-D对刺五加苷B、E含量影响较小，仅改变了培养物的质量。MS培养基处理中培养物的刺五加苷B、E产量优于1/2MS培养基。结论刺五加体外培养物可以生产刺五加苷B、E，其产量取决于培养物类型、培养基种类和2,4-D浓度。
【关键词】 刺五加； 刺五加苷B； 刺五加苷E； 愈伤组织； 体细胞胚胎
Abstract:ObjectiveTo discuss the effect of 2,4-D and culture medium to the callus and somatic embryos for the production of eleutherosides B, E, establish in vitro raise system of Eleutherococcus senticosus Harms.MethodsUsing Callus and somatic embryos which came from the same explant to induce multiplication or to produce secondary somatic embryos. Determined the content of eleutherosides B ,E and the weight of culture medium by HPLC. The effect of eleutherosides B ,E by the cultures type, the culture medium kind and the hormone were studied.ResultsEven though the weight of somatic embryos was slightly lower than that of the callus,the ability of somatic embryos to produce eleutherosides B, E was better than the callus. 2,4-D had little effect on eleutherosides B, E, and only changed the weight of cultures. The production of eleutherosides B, E came from the cultures which was dealt with MS medium was higher than that in 1/2 MS medium. ConclusionIn vitro cultures of Eleutherococcus senticosus Harms can produce eleutherosides B, E, whose production is decided by the cultures type, the culture medium kind and the concentration of 2,4-D.
Key words:Eleutherococcus senticosus Harms; Eleutheroside B; Eleutheroside E; Callus; Somatic embryos
刺五加Eleutherococcus senticosus Harms是我国医药珍品，根、茎、叶均可入药［1］。历代本草医药记载，其有益气健脾、补肾安神之功效，已载入《中国药典》（1977年版）。自20世纪70年代末以来以刺五加为原料生产的各种片剂、冲剂、针剂和刺五加参茶等产品远销国外，因而使刺五加资源消耗与日俱增［1,2］。经过几十年掠夺式的采挖，严重地破坏了野生刺五加资源；在自然状态下刺五加结实的株丛少，种子产量低、质量差、传播力弱、休眠程度深［2］，并且扦插成活率低、插穗来源少、管理程序繁琐［3］，1992年出版的《中国植物红皮书》已把刺五加列为了渐危物种。
植物组织、细胞培养具有快速、高效、低成本的优点，因而近年来利用植物组织、细胞培养快速繁殖刺五加的研究成为热点。目前多数研究集中于刺五加体细胞胚胎发生［4］和人工种子包埋［5］方面，并取得了可喜成果，对茎尖的快速繁殖、遗传转化也有初步探索［4］。但关于刺五加的体外培养物生产刺五加主要药用成分——刺五加苷B、E的研究尚未见报道。本文以刺五加的体外培养物为试材，探讨了培养物类型、培养基种类、激素对刺五加苷B、E生产的影响。
