参考译文
我们不再像以往那样轻易相信别人了。在19世纪，小说家常在小说结尾处给读者准备一系列的巧合——大部分是牵强附会，极不可能的。当时的读者却愉快地接受 这样一些事实，一个低贱的女佣实际上是主人公的母亲；主人公一位长期失散的兄弟，大家都以为死了，实际上一直活着，并且正在策划暗算主人公；如此等等，现 代读者会觉得这种天真的结局完全无法接受。不过，在现实生活中，有时确实会出现一些巧合，这些巧合除了19世纪小说家外谁也不会相信。
当我是个孩子的时候，我祖父给我讲了一位德国出租汽车司机弗朗兹。巴斯曼如何找到了据信已在前死去的兄弟的事。一次，他与妻子徒步旅行。途中，停下 来与一个工人交谈，接着他们继续往前走去。巴斯曼夫人说那工人与她丈夫相貌很像，甚至猜测他可能就是她丈夫的兄弟。弗朗兹对此不屑一顾，指出他兄弟已经在 战争中阵亡了。尽管巴斯曼夫人熟知这个情况，但她仍然认为自己的想法仍有百万分之一的可能性。几天后，她派了一个男孩去问那人是否叫汉斯.巴斯曼。不出巴 斯曼夫人所料，那人的名字真是汉斯.巴斯曼，他确实是弗朗兹失散多年的兄弟。兄弟俩团聚之时，汉斯说明了他活下来的经过，战争即将结束时，他负伤被送进医 院，并与部队失去联系。医院遭到轰炸，汉斯步行回到了西德。与此同时，他所在部队被击溃，他的所有档案材料全部毁于战火。汉斯重返故里，但他的家已被炸 毁，左邻右舍谁也不知原住户的下落，汉斯以为全家人都在空袭中遇难，于是便在距此50英里外的一座村子里定居下来，直至当日。
New words and expressions 生词和短语
credulous
adj. 轻信的
improbable
adj. 不大可能的
obscure
adj. 不起眼的
maidservant
n. ? 女仆，女佣
presume
v. ? 假定
wickedly
adv. 心眼坏地，居心叵测地
plot
v. ? 密谋
downfall
n. ? 倒台，垮台
naive
adj. 天真的
unacceptable
adj. 不能接受的
conspire
v. ? （事件）巧合促成
incredible
adj. 难以置信的
scorn
n. ? 嘲弄，挖苦
acquaint
v. ? 使了解
reunite
v. ? 使团聚
assume
v. ? 假定，认为
Notes on the text课文注释
1 ?bring…to a conclusion，作“使……结束”讲。
2 ?bring about，造成，导致。
3 ?and so on，等等，诸如此类。
4 ?do sometimes conspire中，do为助动词，对谓语动词起强调作用。
5 ?while on a walking tour…，
while后面省略了主谓结构he was。在表示时间、地点、条件、让步等的状语从句中，从句的主语如与主句的主语相同，常省略从句的主语和谓语。
6 ?pour scorn on…，作“讥笑...”讲。
7 ?point out，指出，提请注意。
8 ?be acquainted with，已知道。
9 ?needless to say，不用说，当然。
10 ?become of,结果如何，发生了...情况。
Lesson 36 ? 课后练习和答案Exercises and Answer
篇6：新概念英语第四册第36课:The cost of government
Lesson 36 ? The cost of government政府的开支
First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What is the most important factor, both in government or business, for keeping running costs low?
If a nation is essentially disunited, it is left to the government to hold it together. This increases the expense of government, and reduces correspondingly the amount of economic resources that could be used for developing the country. And it should not be forgotten how small those resources are in a poor and backward country. Where the cost of government is high, resources for development are correspondingly low.
如果一个国家实际上处于分裂状态，使之联合起来就是政府的事了。这样的一来就增加了政府的开支，从而相应地减少了可以用来了展国家的那部分经济资源。不应 忘记，在一个贫穷落后的国家里，那部分财力是很有限的。凡是政府管理费用高的地方，用于发展国家经济的资金就会相应地减少。
This may be illustrated by comparing the position of a nation with that of a private business enterprise. An enterprise has to incur certain costs and expenses in order to stay in business. For our purposes, we are concerned only with one kind of cost -- the cost of managing and administering the business. Such administrative overheads in a business are analogous to the cost of government in a nation. The administrative overheads of a business are low to the extent that everyone working in the business can be trusted to behave in a way that best promotes the interests of the firm. If they can each be trusted to take such responsibilities. and to exercise such initiative as falls within their sphere, then administrative overheads will be low. It will be low because it will be necessary to have only one man looking after each job, then the business will require armies of administrators, checkers, and foremen and administrative overheads will rise correspondingly. As administrative overheads rise, so the earnings of the business after meeting he expense of administration, will fall; and the business will have less money to distribute as pidends or invest directly in its future progress and development.
把国家的状况同私人企业的状况加以比较，就可以看清这个问题。一个企业为了继续经营，不得不支出一定的费用和开销。就我们的目的而言，我们只关心一种费用 -- 企业行政管理费。一家企业的行政管理开支类似于一个国家的政府管理所用的开支。如果企业中的每个人都在真诚地为提高企业利润而工作，那么企业的管理费用就 会降低到相应的程度。如果企业的每个人都信得过，人人都认真负责，在各自的工作范围内发挥主动性，行政管理费用就会降低。行政管理费用的降低的原因是：每 项工作只需要一个人去完成，用不着另外再有一个人检查工作。督促他遵守章程，或向有关人士汇报他的工作。但是，如果企业中谁也不可信赖会对工作尽忠守职， 那公企业就会需大批的管理人员、检查人员和带班人员，管理费用就会相应在增加。管理费用增加了，那么在扣除管理费用后，企业的收入就降低了。因此用于分红 的金额就用于将来开拓和发展的投资就相应地减少了。
It is precisely the same with a nation. To the extent that the people can be relied upon to behave in a loyal and responsible manner, the government does not require armies of police and civil servants to keep them in order. But if a nation is disunited, the government cannot be sure that the actions of the people will be in the interests of the nation; and it will have to watch, check, and control the people accordingly. A disunited nation therefore has to incur unduly high costs of government.
一个国家的情况也完全相同。如果人民忠于职守，举止规矩，能受到政府的信赖，那么政府就不需要大批的警察和文职人员运去促使人民遵纪守法。但是，如果一个 国家处于分裂状态，政府不能相信人民的行动有利于国家，那么政府就不得不对人民进行监督、检查和控制。因此，一个处于分裂的国家必须要支付过高的行政管理 费用。
New words and expressions 生词和短语
disunited
adj. 分裂的
correspondingly
adv. 相应地
backward
adj. 落后的
incur
v. 承担
administer
v. 管理
adminstrative
adj. 行政管理的
analogous
adj. 类似的
overheads
n. 一般费用
initiative
n. 主动，积极性
checker
n. 检查人员
foreman
n. 监工
pidend
n. 红利
unduly
adv. 过度地
Notes on the text课文注释
1 ?economic resource, 经济实力。
2 ?stay in business,维持营业。
3 ?be analogous to...，与...类似。
4 ?as falls within their sphere,属于他们分内的。
5 ?keep someone in line , 控制住某人。
6 ?keep them in order, 管理他们。
7 ?be in the interrsts of ...，符合...的利益。
Lesson 36 ? 课后练习和答案Exercises and Answer
篇7：新概念英语第二册第75课:SOS
Lesson 75 ? SOS呼救信号
First listen and then answer the question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。
How did the woman get help?
When a light passenger plane flew off course some time ago, it crashed in the mountains and its pilot was killed. The only passengers, a young woman and her two baby daughters, were unhurt. It was the middle of winter. Snow lay thick on the ground. The woman knew that the nearest village was miles away. When it grew dark, she turned a suitcase into a bed and put the children inside it, covering them with all the clothes she could find. During the night, it got terribly cold. The woman kept as near as she could to the children and even tried to get into the case herself, but it was too small. Early next morning, she heard planes passing overhead and wondered how she could send a signal. Then she had an idea. She stamped out the letters 'SOS' in the snow. Fortunately, a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by radio to the nearest town. It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash.
