动词时态及语态
语法学习表 时态 一般现在时 意义 经常性、习惯性的动作,存在的状态,或客观真理 现在正在发生的动作 过去的动作对现在有影响或过去的动作一直持续到现在 过去发生的动作 过去时间内正发生的动作或存在的状态 标志词语 often, always, usually, sometimes, once a week, every day 构成公式 主语+V原形(主语是第三人称单数时,V加s或es) 被动语态 主语+is /am/are+V过分 现在进行时 now,Look!, 主语主语Listen!, at this +am/is/are+V-ing +am/is/are+being+Vmoment 过分 already , 主语 +have/has 主语+have/has yet ,since, so far +V过分 +been+V过分 现在完成时 一般过去时 yesterday ,last 主语+V过去式 week, …ago, in 1998, just now 主语+was/were +V过分 过去进行时 at this time 主语主语yesterday, just +was/were+V-ing +was/were+being+Vthen, at 6:00 last 过分 Sunday, when+一般过去时 by the end of +主语+had+V过过去的时间,by 分 the time +一般过去时 tomorrow, next week, in the future, in two days, in 2100 常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句 主语+had+been+V过分 过去完成时 过去已完成的动作 一般将来时 将要发生的动作或将来的状态 过去时间内将要发生的动作或存在的状态 主语+am/is/are 主语+will be+V过going to +V原分 形,或主语+will+V原形 主语主语+would+be+V+was/were+going 过分 to+V原形,或主语+would +V原形 主语+have /has+been+V-ing 过去将来时 现在完成进行时 过去的动作一直延续到现在 “since+时间点/从句/时间点ago”或“for+时间段” 含情态动词
can/may/must等+V原形 can/may/must等+be +V过分 - 1 -
考点精讲
考点1 一般现在时有哪些特殊用法? (1) 表示此时此刻正在发生的动作或存在的状态。
What’s the time now? 现在几点了?
Now, look, I open the window. 你瞧,我现在在开窗。 (2) 在含时间和条件状语从句的复合句中(主句为一般将来时)。
I’ll call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing tomorrow.明天一到北京,我就给你打电话。 (3) 在主句为过去时态的复合句中,如果宾语从句陈述的是客观真理,从句用一般现在
时。
The teacher said Maria is a girl.老师说玛利亚是个女孩。 (4) 表示书、信、报纸、通知、广播、告示牌等的内容用一般现在时。
It says, “Closed”.上面写着,“停止营业”。
专练 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1、 Three plus two_________(be)five. 2、There____________(go)the bell!
3、Light______________(travel)faster than sound. 4、Here she _____________(come)! 5、Tell him about that when he_______________(come).
6、If you____________(ask)her tomorrow, she will help you.
7、My father told me that the earth_______________(go)around the sun. 8、The notice _______________(say)“No Smoking!”.
考点2 如何使用used to?
used to后加动词原形表示“过去常常”,其疑问句和否定句可直接使用used,也可借助于did。
I used to be afraid of dark .我过去常怕黑。He usedn’t to ride to school.他过去不常骑车去上学。
He used to smoke, didn’t he?他过去常抽烟,是吗? 注意:be used to doing 意为“习惯做某事”, be used to do 意为“被用来……”,不要混淆。 专练 按要求变化下面的句型
1、I used to walk after dinner.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
________________________________________________________________________ 2、She used to play near the river.(改为否定句)
__________________________________________________________________________ 3、 The children didn’t use to come here early,_____________________?(补全反意疑问句) 4、 Most people used to be late,_________________________?(补全反意疑问句) 5、 Li Ying used to play with her dog.(就画线部分提问)
___________________________________________________________________________
考点3 一般将来时有哪些形式? (1)“be going to+动词原形”表示计划或打算在最近要做的事。 I’m going to take you to the park.我打算带你去公园。 (2)“will/shall+动词原形”是单纯的将来时,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。 He will come back next week.他下周回来。 (3)“be+动词不定式”结构,表示按计划要发生的事,或用来征求对方意见。
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We are to meet outside the park. 我们约定在公园外面见。 Am I to go on with the work? 这工作我是不是接着干下去? (4)“be about+动词不定式”结构,表示即将做某事,一般不用时间状语。 It is about to rain.天要下雨了。 (5) 现在进行时可用于表示马上要发生的动作,多用于瞬间动词(start,begin,die等)。 I’m leaving for Shanghai. 我要去上海了。 专练 按要求变化下面的句型 1、 Have you finished your homework? Not yet. I__________________________________
(this afternoon).
2、 Where are you going this Sunday? _______________________________(the zoo). 3、 When will your father come back from London?
____________________________(next week)
4、 When are they to hand in their plan?___________________________(tomorrow
morning).
5、 What are the family doing right now?__________________________________________
(leave for England).
考点4 always, forever能用于进行时吗?
always, forever等副词用于进行时,常表示赞美、厌烦等思想感情。 He was always trying out new ideas. 他总是产生稀奇古怪的想法。 专练 将下面的英语句子译为汉语,体会其感情色彩 1、 He is always thinking of his work. 2、 She is always borrowing my money.
3、 The little boy was forever making the same mistake. 4、 She was always changing her mind. 5、 The girl is always smiling happily.
考点5 哪些动词没有进行时? 表示感觉、情感、状态、看法、意愿的动词一般没有进行时,这类动词有:hear, see, smell, look, seem, think, like, want, hope, belong, cost, weigh, prefer, remain, have, own, believe等。 They want to sing an English song now.他们现在想唱首英语歌。 专练 改正下面每个句子中的错误 1、 I’m hearing a strange noise now. 2、 Now you are looking beautiful.
3、 The clothes were costing me too much at that time. 4、 Look! The boy is having two knives.
考点6 现在完成时和一般过去时有什么区别?
二者表示的动作都在过去发生。现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响和结果,不能与表示过去的时间状语连用;一般过去时只表示过去的事实,与现在没有关系。 —Have you done your homework?你做作业了吗? —Yes, I have.做了。 —When did you do it?什么时候做的? —Last night.昨天晚上。 专练 根据所给的动词短语,分别用一般过去时和现在完成时造句
1、 go to the beach 2、not hear of that
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考点7 have been to, have been in和have gone to有何区别? have been in 表示“在某地……”;have been to 表示“去过”某地,常与ever, never ,…before, once ,twice等连用;have gone to 表示“去了”某地,人可能在途中或已到达那里。 —Have you ever been to Beijing?你去过北京吗? —Yes, I’ve been there twice.是的,我去过那里两次。
Mr.Green has been in this city for ten years.格林先生在这个城市已经住了十年了。 My parents have gone to the park.我父母去公园了。
专练 用have(has) gone to, have (has)been to, have(has) been in 填空 1、 Tim____________________________out. He’ll be back in an hour. 2、 Jim___________________________this city for two years.
3、 ___________you ever______________Jinan? It has some famous springs.
4、 —How long_________your sister____________the factory?—About three years. 5、 I have some Australian friends because I___________________there several times.
6、 —Why can’t we see Mr.Cook? —He’s on holiday. He______________ China for a visit.
考点8 现在完成时的句子,谓语何时用瞬间动词,何时用延续动词?
若表示持续性的动作,常与表示一段时间的状语如these days, in the past few years, during the last three months, for two years, so far, up to now, till now, recently等连用。 The old man has been away from home for twenty years.那老人离开家已十年了。
注意:瞬间动词不能与持续性的完成时连用,必须改为延续动词,记住下面的瞬间动词与延续动词的换用: 1、 动词变动词:buy→have, borrow→keep 2、 变为“be+adj./adv.”:begin→be on, close/open→be closed/open, die→be dead, finish →be over, get up→be up, marry→be married, go→be off, come→be here, return→be back, arrive→be here 3、 变为“be+介词短语”:come/go →be in/at, join→be in(或“be+成员”),put on→ wear(或be in)
I came to this school ten years ago. = I have been in this school for ten years. = Ten years has passed since I came to this school. = It is ten years since I came to this school. 专练 A)用所给动词的适当形式填空
1、I __________________(buy)this bicycle for five years. 2、You can ________________(borrow)it for two days. 3、The film________________(begin)for five minutes.
4、How long ______________ you _________________(go)this school? 5、My brother ______________ (join) the army since 1999.
6、I _________________(put on)the shoes since three years ago. 7、The old man___________________(die)since 2000. B ) 将下面的句子变为同义句
8、 They got married two years ago. It _______________________since they got married. 9、We came to this school three years ago.
We__________________________ this school __________three years.
10、I have been up for two hours. Two hours __________________________I got up.
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考点9 如何将主动语态变为被动语态?
主动句变为被动句的方法是:一看动词,二换主语,三变谓语。
(1) 主动句有双宾语,可将其中一个宾语变为主语,但若将直接宾语用作主语,后面要
使用to 或for引出间接宾语。 He gave me a book yesterday.
→I was given a book yesterday./A book was given to me yesterday. ( 2 ) 动词短语是一个不可分的整体,变化时不能丢掉介词或副词。
You should speak to me politely. →I should be spoken to politely.(to 不可少) (2) 主动句的主语若是地点名词,变化时不要忘记加介词。
Shandong produces salt. →Salt is produced in Shandong.
( 4 ) 带宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态时,宾补在原位置不动。
I saw a man playing basketball there. →A man was seen playing basketball there. ( 5 ) 在主动句中某些动词后的不定式可省略to,但在被动句中to要补出。 Our parents make us study hard. →We are made to study hard. 专练 将下面句子的主动语态变为被动语态,被动语态变为主动语态 1、 The students clean the room every day. 2、 She gave me twenty yuan last week.
3、 A present was bought for me by my sister.
4、 The girl has taken care of the blind men for five years. 5、 Mary must keep her room clean.
6、 The children were being looked after by Ann. 7、 Hangzhou produces silk.
8、 You can’t see the stars in the daytime.
考点10 哪些动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义? (1) 系动词,如look, feel, taste, smell等。
The music sounds beautiful.这音乐听起来很美。
(2) sell, feel, write, drive, open 等词作不及物动词,其主语为物时。
This kind of clothes sells well.这种衣服卖得很好。
(3) 在be worth doing sth.中的doing。
The basketball match is well worth watching.这场篮球赛很值得看。
(4) 在need ,want, require等表示“需要”的动词后接V-ing形式表示被动意义,相当于
to be done。
My kite wants mending.我的风筝需修理。
专练 用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1、 The fur of the cat__________(feel) very warm. 2、 The apples____________(taste)good.
3、 This kind of food_______________(smell) hot. 4、 The latest model cars ________________(sell)well. 5、 The ball-pen_________________(write)smoothly. 6、 Your coat _________________(not wash)easily. 7、 The book is worth______________(read). 8、 Your hair wants _____________(cut).
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