摘要
塑料材料从20世纪初问世以来，因其具有质量轻、加工方便、产品美观、经济实用等特点，深受人们的青睐，广泛应用于各行各业，发展速度也相当惊人，换句话说，人们的日常生活到高技术领域，都离不开塑料。但是，随着塑料产量的不断增加，对地球的生态环境的危害越来越大，废弃塑料导致的环境污染，塑料废弃在环境中的危害，人们必须重视对废弃塑料的回收处理和利用，塑料工业要持续高速发展，就必须消除塑料工业在发展过程中的负面影响，对废弃塑料进行回收并加以科学、合理的利用，这样不但可做21世纪新能源，而且保护了环境。实现可持续发展战略，回收利用废弃塑料具有重要的意义。
本厂是一个小中型回收废弃塑料进行再利用造粒，主要回收PE废弃塑料挤出造粒和回收PP料挤出造粒。通过下述的方法回收废弃塑料后，把塑料进行洗涤，干燥，破碎、配料、捏合、挤出、造粒等过程，然后包装好，用作出售。
关键词：废弃塑料；环境危害；塑料再生企业；办厂；废弃塑料再生利用；造粒；
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Abstract
Plastic material from the early 20th century inception, because of its light weight, easy to process, product appearance, economic practicability, by the people of all ages, are widely used in industries, the pace of development is quite startling, in other words, people daily life to the high-tech fields, can not do without plastic. However, with increased production of plastic on the Earth's ecological environment are becoming more damaging, environmental pollution caused by waste plastic, plastic waste in the environment hazards, people must pay attention to the waste plastic recycling and use of plastic industry to sustain high growth, we must eliminate plastic industry in the development process of the negative impact of waste plastic for recycling and make scientific, rational use, so not only do the new 21st century energy, but also protect the environment. Sustainable development strategies, recycling of waste plastics is of great significance.
Our factory is a small medium of plastic waste for reuse, recycling granulator, the major waste recycling PE plastic extrusion granulation and recovery of PP extrusion granulation . By the following method after the waste plastic recycling into plastic for washing, drying, crushing, ingredients, kneading, extrusion, granulation process, and then packaged for sale. Keywords: Waste plastics; environmental hazards; plastics recycling company; and set up factories; waste plastic recycling; granulation;
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目 录
目录
摘要 ................................................................. 1 Abstract .............................................................. 2 第一章 概述 .......................................................... 6 1.1 废旧塑料回收的可行性 ........................................... 6 1.2 废旧塑料回收方法 ............................................... 7 1.2.1 填埋和焚烧 ................................................... 7 1.2.2 回收再生 ..................................................... 7 1.3 市场需求分析 ............ ...................................... 7 1.3.1 国内外市场供应现状 ........................................... 8 1.3.2 国内外市场需求预测 ........................................... 8 1.3.3 广东省废旧塑料生产供应现状 ............ .................. ... 9 1.4 再生塑料应用范围 ............................................... 9 1.4.1 聚乙烯类废旧塑料颗粒的应用范围 ............................... 10 1.4.2 聚丙烯类废旧塑料颗粒的应用范围 ............................... 10 1.5 建设规模与产品方案 ............................................. 10 第二章 配方和工艺路线的选择 .......................................... 11 2.1 主要生产线介绍 ................................................. 11 2.1.1 原料种类及收购渠道 ........................................... 11 2.1.2 对废弃塑料再生利用进行造粒 ................................... 12 2.2 产品方案 ....................................................... 12 2.2.1 产品规格 ..................................................... 13 2.2.2 产品配方 ..................................................... 13 2.2.3 配方各组分作用说明 ........................................... 13 2.3 产品质量指标 ................................................... 15 2.4 工艺流程叙述 ................................................... 15 2.4.1 成粒料的准备 ................................................. 16 2.4.2 破碎及其设备 ................................................. 16 2.4.3 预洗 ......................................................... 17 2.4.4 精洗 ......................................................... 17 2.4.5 干燥 ......................................................... 18 2.4.6 塑料泡沫的预处理 ............................................. 18
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广东石油化工学院本科毕业设计论文：年产2000吨废旧塑料回收生产车间的设计 2.4.7 塑炼、均化与造粒 ............................................. 18 第三章 工艺计算 ...................................................... 20 3.1 生产时间计算 ................................................... 20 3.1.1 计算基准 ..................................................... 20 3.1.2 产品的合格率 ................................................ 20 3.1.3 物料损耗系数 ................................................. 20 3.1.4 生产能力计算 ................................................. 20 3.2 物料衡算 ....................................................... 20 3.3 能量衡算 ....................................................... 21 3.3.1 耗电量 ··························· 21 3.3.2 耗水量 ··························· 22 3.3.3 耗气量 ··························· 23 第四章 设备计算 ...................................................... 24 4.1 破碎机 ......................................................... 24 4.2 清洗机 ......................................................... 24 4.3 干燥机 ......................................................... 25 4.4 混合机 ......................................................... 25 4.5 挤出造粒机 ..................................................... 26 第五章 主要技术经济指标 .............................................. 28 5.1 主要经济技术指标 ............................................... 28 5.2 原料的技术参数 ................................................. 28 5.2.1 PE废弃塑料 ................................................... 28 5.2.2 防老剂 ....................................................... 29 5.2.3 碳酸钙（活化） ............................................... 29 5.2.4 硬脂酸 ....................................................... 30 5.2.5 氯化石蜡-52二级品 ............................................ 30 5.2.6 色母粒 ....................................................... 31 5.2.7 炭黑 ......................................................... 31 第六章 生产成本估算 .................................................. 32 6.1 固定成本计算 ................................................... 32 6.1.1 设备投资成本 ................................................. 32 6.1.2 车间定员及人员工资 ........................................... 32 6.1.3 车间选址及厂房投资 ........................................... 34 6.2 可变成本计算 ................................................... 34 6.2.1 制造成本 ..................................................... 34
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