摘 要
石油的产量不仅仅和储量有关，采收率也是石油产量的决定性因素，尤其面对现在油气储量逐渐减少，而石油消耗逐年上升的现实，因此提高石油的采收率显得越来越重要。一个好的采油方案是提高采收率的基础。
根据不同油田区块的储层特征、地面概况等特点，结合现有的生产技术，运用机械、化学和物理等各种不同的方法来设计采油方案。本采油工程方案以所给的地质构造特征、储层特征、油藏特点、油藏温度压力系统及油藏流体性质等油田地质资料为基础，首先对P1、P2储集层进行了敏感性分析和储量计算，然后选择了完井和射孔方式。根据油井井底流入动态的计算，确定油井的产量。针对本油藏特点，我们通过分析发现原油属于普通稠油，在地层渗透率较高的情况之下完全可以渗流，但是在井筒中上升时，由于井筒温度的下降，原油粘度必然下降，甚至会发生凝固。鉴于此我们选择了电加热空心杆的方式对原油进行井筒降粘。在有杆抽油系统的设计之上，我们需要对加热时间、电流频率以及电缆的选择做出选择。在资料缺乏的情况下我们只对加热时间进行了预测。因此我们通过建立有限元模型对以上的问题进行了求解，并最终确定了加热时间。最后，鉴于在钻井过程曾发生井漏，由于地层呈现弱酸敏性，我们需要对相应的地层进行一定程度得的酸化。为此我们对酸化工艺进行了设计。
关键词：采收率，敏感性，油井流入动态，酸化
Abstract Oil production and reserves are not only related to oil production recovery is the decisive factor, especially the face of diminishing oil and gas reserves now, but the reality of oil consumption increased year by year, thus increasing the oil recovery is becoming increasingly important. A good solution is to increase oil recovery basis. Depending on the oilfield reservoir characteristics, ground profile and other characteristics, combined with the existing production technology, the use of mechanical, chemical, and physical and other various ways to design oil program. The production engineering solutions to the given geological structure, reservoir characteristics, reservoir characteristics, reservoir temperature and pressure systems and reservoir fluid properties such as oil based on geological data, first, P1, P2 reservoir performed a sensitivity analysis and calculation of reserves, and then choose the way of completion and perforation. Well Inflow under dynamic calculations to determine the oil production. Against the reservoir characteristics, we found through the analysis of crude oil belonging to the ordinary oil, high in the formation permeability circumstances can flow, but the rise in the wellbore, due to a decline in the wellbore temperature, oil viscosity is bound to decline, even coagulation. In view of this we have chosen the way of electric heating hollow rod for wellbore for crude oil viscosity reduction. In sucker rod pumping system design on top, we need the heating time, current frequency, and the choice of cable to make a choice. In the absence of data on the heating time we only had predicted. So we build the finite element model to solve the above problems, and ultimately determine the heating time. Finally, in view of the well during drilling leak had occurred
due to weak strata showing sensitivity, we need the corresponding strata have a certain degree of acidification. To this end we acidification process has been designed.
Key words：Recovery ratio，Sensitivity，Well Inflow，Acidification
目录
第1章 绪论 ........................................................... 1 第2章 地质基础资料 ................................................... 3 2.1 油田地质基础资料 .................................................. 3 2.1.1 地面概况 ...................................................... 3 2.1.2 区域地质情况 .................................................. 3 2.1.3 储层特征 ...................................................... 4 2.1.4油藏特点 ...................................................... 5 2.1.5 油藏压力系统 .................................................. 6 2.1.6油藏温度系统 .................................................. 6 2.1.7油藏流体性质 .................................................. 7 2.1.8 储层敏感性分析 ................................................ 7 2.2 储量估算及油层综合评价 ........................................... 10 2.2.1 储量参数确定 ................................................. 10 2.2.2 计算结果 ..................................................... 10 第3章 完井方法 ...................................................... 11 3.1 完井方式 ......................................................... 11 3.2射孔工艺 ......................................................... 13 3.2.1射孔液类型和性能 ............................................. 14 3.2.2.射孔方式和射孔工艺 ........................................... 15 3.2.3.射孔设计和参数优选 ........................................... 16 3.2.4 射孔负压设计 ................................................. 19 第4章 油井流入动态与井筒多相流计算 .................................. 21
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4.1油井流入动态计算 ................................................. 21 4.2井筒多相流计算 ................................................... 22 4.2.1井筒多相流压力梯度方程 ....................................... 22 4.2.2 计算气-液两相垂直管流的Orkiszewski方法 ...................... 23 4.3试采分析 ......................................................... 30 4.4见水后无因次采液、采油指数的计算 ................................. 31 第5章 抽油系统的设计 ................................................ 34 5.1 采油方式 ......................................................... 34 5.2抽油杆柱组合设计 ................................................. 35 5.2.1利用APR RP 11L设计空心抽油杆前的参数校正 .................. 35 5.2.2 利用APR RP 11L设计空心抽油杆 .............................. 37 5.3抽油机型的选定 ................................................... 49 5.4井筒降粘方式及选择 ............................................... 50 5.4.1电热杆降粘工艺 ............................................... 51 5.4.2电缆加热降粘工艺 ............................................. 51 5.4.3电加热油管降粘工艺 ........................................... 52 5.4.4空心杆整体热电缆加热技术 ..................................... 54 5.4.5 电加热降粘方式的选择 ......................................... 54 5.5空心抽油杆温度场计算 ............................................. 55 5.5.1空心抽油杆电加热原理及有限元模型的建立 ....................... 55 5.5.2 空心抽油杆温度变化影响因素分析 ............................... 58 5.5.3 空心抽油杆温度分析应用 ....................................... 59 第6章 酸化 .......................................................... 61
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