But Matukar Panau is far from the only language facing loss.Studies suggest that by the end of this century，nearly half of the 7，000 languages now spoken worldwide could disappear.They’re in danger partly because the only people left speaking them are elderly adults.When those individuals die，their language will die with them.In addition，children may discard a native language and instead use more common global languages，such as Chinese，English or Spanish.
In the United States alone，134 native American languages are endangered.“Language hotspots” exist all over the world.These are places with endangered languages that haven’t been recorded.They include the state of Oklahoma，pockets of central and eastern Siberia，parts of northern Australia and communities in South America.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。Matukar Panau语是一种稀有的语种，由于讲这种语言的人很少，这种语言面临消亡的危险；与此类似，到本世纪末世界上将有近一半的语言面临消亡，仅美国就有134种本地语言濒临消亡。
5.What did Harrison go to Papua New Guinea for? A.Learning their native language.
B.Helping preserve their endangered tongue. C.Learning their modern technology. D.Teaching the natives a new language.
答案 B [细节理解题。根据第三段的“Harrison didn’t want that to happen to Matukar Panau.So in 2009，he set out for Papua New Guinea.”和“help the remaining speakers preserve their native tongue”可知，为了不让Matukar Panau语消亡，语言学家Harrison去了Papua New Guinea，帮助保护该语言，故B项正确。]
6.The underlined word“discard”in Paragraph 4 means “________”. A.hear of C.get rid of
B.pick up D.learn about
答案 C [词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“a native language and instead use more common global languages，such as Chinese，English or Spanish”可以判断，那里的孩子们可能不说这种本地方言，而是更多地讲汉语、英语和西班牙语等国际通用语言，故画线词意为“摆脱，丢弃”，故C项正确。]
7.The last two paragraphs imply that endangered languages are ________.
A.dying quickly in Siberia B.becoming a worldwide problem C.popular in some special places D.some native tongues
答案 B [推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“Studies suggest that by the end of this century，nearly half of the 7，000 languages now spoken worldwide could disappear”及最后一段的“‘Language hotspots’exist all over the world”可以判断，濒危语言正在成为世界性难题，故B项正确。]
8.According to the passage，the author is ________ about the endangered languages. A.indifferent C.supportive
B.suspicious D.concerned
答案 D [观点态度题。根据第四段第一、二句“But Matukar Panau is far from the only language facing loss.Studies suggest that by the end of this century，nearly half of the 7，000 languages now spoken worldwide could disappear”并结合全文内容可知，除了Matukar Panau语之外，到本世纪末，7 000种现存的世界范围内所使用的语言中将有近一半可能濒临消亡。据此可以判断，作者很担心这些濒危语言的消亡，故D项正确。]
C
(2017·宁波十校联考)
Uggs(雪地靴)are certainly ugly，or at least inelegant.The shapeless boots，pulled on in a hurry，can make anyone look like a slob(懒惰又邋遢的人)，which has made them the target of disrespect.It hasn’t been hard to find someone strongly
condemning them.“Ugg boots are not sexy，”The Independent declared in 2003，“unless you’re Mrs.Bigfoot on a lone mission across Antarctica to find Mr.Bigfoot.”When wearing the boots，a writer of The Gloss complained，“There’s nothing to indicate that you don’t have square，horrible shoeboxes in place of human feet.”In 2015，one coffee shop on Brick Lane in east London even banned ugg－wearers.
And yet，over the years，plenty of strange and unattractive shoes have met with the approval of the fashion establishment.The problem with uggs wasn’t that they were ugly；it’s that they were common.
But a funny thing happened on the way to fashion’s tomb：the universal ugg has not gone anywhere.Uggs have quietly stayed here since their best time.Once you start paying attention，you’ll be shocked to discover how many people are still wearing them.They are worn by mothers in town and in the country，by teenagers on Saturday shopping trips and by people in fashion.
Perhaps the secret of uggs’ unstoppable success is that，if there is a dividing line between public appeal and private style，it might be a pair of cosy boots.They are certainly comfortable，soft and warm，as if your feet were in the hugging of someone who really loves you.At $150 a pair，they are neither cheap nor entirely out of range.They are casual and indulgent(纵容的).
Somehow uggs，the boots that so many people hate，have managed to challenge the cruel logic of the fashion cycle and carry on whether you approve of them or not. 【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章分析了雪地靴被人们认为不好看但又非常受欢迎的原因。 9.What is the best title of the passage? A.Uggs Refuse to Die B.Uggs Have Existed So Long C.Uggs Enter the Fashion Circle D.Uggs Have Gone Somewhere
答案 A [标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，文章分析了雪地靴被大家认为不好看，但又非常受欢迎的原因。A选项“Uggs Refuse to Die”为幽默的说法，说明雪地靴为人们所接受。] 10.Why does the author quote many media’s words in the first paragraph? A.To prove uggs’ toughness. B.To prove uggs’ popularity. C.To prove people’s approval. D.To prove people’s condemning.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It hasn’t been hard to find someone strongly condemning them”可知，下文的例子用来表明雪地靴受到很多人的批评。] 11.What does the author think very strange? A.Uggs are very common. B.Uggs stay there regardless.
C.Uggs are worn by teenagers. D.Uggs are inelegant and ugly.
答案 B [推理判断题。根据第三段第三句“Once you start paying attention，you’ll be shocked to discover how many people are still wearing them”可知，作者感到奇怪的是，现在穿雪地靴的人还是很多。故选B项。]
12.What is the secret to the success of uggs according to the passage? A.They are very cheap. B.They own private style. C.They have public appeal. D.They are very comfortable.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Perhaps the secret...it might be a pair of cosy boots”可知，雪地靴成功的原因在于它的温暖舒适。]
从近几年高考来看，高考阅读理解主要考查应用文、记叙文、说明文和议论文四种文体，这四种文体在行文方式上各异，在阅读和解题方式上也不尽相同。本部分从四种文体入手，剖析文体特点，点拨解题技巧，从而更有针对性的提高考生的阅读能力。
高考阅读理解中的应用文是指通知、布告、海报、广告等。这类文章的特点是文字简约，篇幅不长，但信息量较大。针对此类文章，命题者会设置较多的细节理解题，设题相对简单。 做此类阅读理解，一般会用到查读这一阅读技巧，即先读试题，明确目标，进而快速阅读文章并捕捉关键信息。对于无关紧要的生词、信息等一带而过，以节省宝贵的答题时间。
课 堂 限 时 练 (限时：20分钟)
A
(2017·浙东北三校联考)
Uber
Uber is available in over 70 cities throughout 40 countries worldwide.You can either choose a typical Uber unmarked car or a regular taxi.The app can show you where drivers
are，so you know how long you’ll be waiting.You can also get fare quotes(报价) in advance.Your payment source is linked to the app and is automatically charged，so no physical money is ever needed.
Lyft
Lyft is a service that is also available in many large cities in the US.However，it offers something different，one of which is Lyft Line.With this service，you can find people that take the same route on a daily basis as you and split the fare with them.Lyft’s regular service lets you easily see where rides are，catch one，and easily pay right within the app.
Easy Taxi
Easy Taxi is available in 86 cities across 26 countries and lets you quickly browse through maps and find locations you’d like to be picked up at.From there，just make sure there are taxis in your area.Confirm your ride and then pay for it within the Easy Taxi app.Once you book a ride，you should see the taxi’s plate number and phone number appear on the map，making it easy for you to pick out both the car and the driver.
Curb
Curb，formerly Taxi Magic，is currently available in around 60 cities across the United States as well as select cities in the United Kingdom，Canada，and Mexico.It ties in with taxi companies and their drivers.As your taxi makes its way to your location，you’ll be able to track its progress inside the app.You can link a payment account to Curb to pay your fare through the app.You can also pay in cash. 【语篇解读】 本文介绍了四种不同的打车软件。 1.Which app is available in the most countries? A.Uber. C.Easy Taxi.
B.Lyft. D.Curb.
答案 A [细节理解题。通读全文可知，文章每一段的第一句都介绍了不同软件的使用范围，Uber可以在40个国家使用，Lyft可以在美国的很多大城市使用，Easy Taxi可以在26个国家使用，Curb可以在美国、英国、墨西哥、加拿大使用。据此可知，可使用Uber软件的国家最多，故A项正确。]
2.What’s the special service of Lyft?
专题一 阅读理解
浙江新高考2年考点统计
篇卷别 目 记叙A 文 2017年B 6月 C 文 记叙A 文 2016年B 10月 C 文 1.体裁、题材丰富
从上面的表格中可以看出，选文体裁、题材丰富，考查内容覆盖面广，与当代社会生活紧密相关。体裁有记叙文、议论文、应用文和说明文，题材涉及人物故事、名人传记、前沿科技、环境保护和历史文化等话题。在阅读时，考生既要能做到忠实于原文，也要能领会作者的言外之意，切记不要掺杂个人观点。 2.注重细节，变在其中
根据上述表格可知，题目设置以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，兼顾词义猜测题和主旨大意题。考生在今后的训练中要特别注重掌握不同题型的解题技巧。 3.选材新颖，时代性强
2017年6月浙江高考英语试题阅读理解题材涉及美国绘画之父Benjamin West、青少年的睡眠问题和意大利移民被要求参加语言测试。题目设置方面，信息定位具体，语言表达简洁。试题难度
公的不同态度 文 议论环保项目 老板和员工对远程办2 1 0 0 说明皇家假日酒店的低碳2 2 0 0 Kate阻止事故发生 2 1 0 0 的不同看法 文 议论的坏习惯 对移民语言测试项目1 2 0 0 说明的艺术启蒙 当年美国青少年晚睡1 2 0 0 美国绘画之父小时候1 1 1 1 体裁 主题 细节题 推断题 词义题 主旨题 考查题型统计 适中，考查角度全面。
先题后文法，即先看问题和选项再看文章，待看完文章后再做题。其实这种方法还可以细分为两种：一种是只看问题不看选项，即大致看看问题，然后带着问题再看文章；另一种是将问题和所有选项看完，再看文章。应用文一般使用这种方法。这种方法的特点是目的明确，在阅读时有所侧重，能节省时间。
原题呈现
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读A)
Pacific Science Center Guide
◆Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store
Don’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit.The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.
◆Hungry?
Our exhibits will feed your mind，but what about your body? Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials.The café is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes.
◆Rental Information
Lockers are available to store any belongings during your visit.The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3.Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance.ID required.
◆Support Pacific Science Center
Since 1962，Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology.Today，Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry－based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State.It’s an amazing
accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations.Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center. 21.Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center? A.In Building 1. B.In Building 3. C.At the Laser Dome. D.At the Denny Way entrance.
22.What does Pacific Science Center do for schools? A.Train science teachers. B.Distribute science books. C.Inspire scientific research. D.Take science to the classroom.
23.What is the purpose of the last part of the text? A.To encourage donations. B.To advertise coming events. C.To introduce special exhibits. D.To tell about the Center’s history.
答题流程
[流程模式]
第一步 快速浏览题干，找出题干中的关键词
第二步 根据题干中的关键词，锁定原文的信息源
第三步 对比选项与原文信息，确定答案 [流程应用] 21.细节理解题。
Step 1：找关键词
题干中的关键词为：souvenir 和 Science Center
Step 2：定位原文
查读原文，定位到原文第一段。 Step 3：确定答案
根据◆Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store中的关键词souvenir及“The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.”可知，这个商店位于Building 3。故选____。
22.细节理解题。 Step 1：找关键词
题干中的关键词为：Pacific Science Center 和schools Step 2：定位原文
查读原文，定位到原文第四段。 Step 3：确定答案
根据◆Support Pacific Science Center中的Today Pacific Science Center...brings inquiry－based science education to classrooms可知，太平洋科学中心把科学带进了教室。故选____。
23.推理判断题。 Step 1：找关键词
题干中的关键词为：the last part Step 2：定位原文
根据题干中的关键词，定位到原文最后一段。 Step 3：确定答案
根据最后一段的小标题◆Support Pacific Science Center以及这一段的最后一句可知，最后一段的目的是让人们给予太平洋科学中心更多的赞助和捐赠。故选____。 自我验证 21.B 22.D 23.A
对于记叙文、议论文等文体，运用“文→题→文”法更合适。具体解题步骤为：第一步，先快速阅读全文获得整体印象→第二步，逐个浏览阅读题目和选项，确定信息源→第三步，认真阅读文章相关信息源，比对选项，确定答案。
原题呈现
(2016年10月·浙江高考·阅读C)
Digital technology—email and smart phones especially—have vastly improved workers’ ability to be productive outside of a traditional office.Even so，most white－collar work still happens in an office. One reason is that，according to findings of a new survey(调查) of office workers conducted by Wakefield Research for the IT company Citrix，most bosses are doubtful about remote working. Half of the workers say their boss doesn’t accept it and only 35 percent say it’s tolerated.
Skeptical bosses will likely have their doubts reinforced(加深) by the same survey，which shows that 43 percent of workers say they’ve watched TV or a movie while “working” remotely，while 35 percent have done housework，and 28 percent have cooked dinner.
It is true，however，that working at home makes people much more efficient(高效的), because it allows workers to take care of annoying housework while still getting their jobs done. It’s much faster，for example，to shop for groceries at a quarter to three than to stand in line during the after－work rush.
The fact that such practices remain officially unaccepted reflects how far we haven’t come as a society from the days when we expected every full－time worker to be supported by a full－time homemaker.
More broadly the Wakefield survey suggests that employers may be missing a low－cost way to give workers something of value. Sixty－four percent of those survey participants who haven’t worked remotely would rather give up some bonus in order to get even one day a week working from home. Under such circumstances，smart firms need to find ways to let their employees have enough flexibility to manage their time efficiently.
28.Why do some employers hesitate to allow remote working? A.They fear losing control of their workers. B.They want to stick to their routine practice. C.They have little trust in modern technology. D.They are used to face－to－face communication.
29.What seems to be most workers’ attitude toward remote working? A.Doubtful.
B.Favorable.
C.Reserved. D.Disapproving.
30.What does the author suggest smart firms do? A.Shorten their office hours. B.Give employees a pay raise. C.Adopt flexible work patterns. D.Reduce their staff’s workload.
答题流程
[流程模式]
第一步 快速浏览，把握大意。
第二步 逐个浏览阅读题目和选项，确定信息源。
第三步 根据信息源中的关键词，剖析逻辑；确定答案。 [流程应用] 第一步 把握大意
本文文章大意：本文是一篇议论文，对于远程办公，大部分老板持怀疑态度，因为他们认为员工会在家做与工作无关的事情。大部分员工持支持态度，因为这样可以兼顾工作与家务，提高自身效率，作者则认为公司应采取灵活的办公模式。
第二步 锁定信息源
第三步 确定答案
28.推理判断题。根据第一段中的most bosses are doubtful about remote working以及第二段可知，一些老板不愿意让员工远程办公是因为他们对此事持怀疑态度，认为员工会做一些与工作无关的事情，掌控不了员工。故选____。
29.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Sixty－four percent of those survey participants who haven’t worked remotely would rather give up some bonus in order to get even one day a week working from home.可知，调查显示：从未远程办公的被调查者中有64%的人为了能每周
有一天在家办公宁愿放弃一些奖金，由此可以推断出大部分人是支持在家办公的。故选____。
30.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的smart firms need to find ways to let their employees have enough flexibility to manage their time efficiently可知，作者建议公司采取灵活的办公模式。故选______。 自我验证 28.A 29.B 30.C
相对来说，细节理解题是比较简单的题目，主要包括直接信息题、间接信息题和正误判断题。做这类题最关键的是，根据题干和选项找对原文信息，仔细比对，就能得出正确答案。
直接信息题一般能在文中直接找到明确的信息，不需要进行任何推断，这类问题往往只考查文章中的个别事实，通常只涉及原文一两句话的信息。 [示例] (2016年10月·浙江高考· 阅读A节选)
Suddenly another thought went through Kate’s mind like an electric shock. An express train was due to go past about thirty minutes later. If it were not stopped，that long train，full of passengers，would fall into the stream. “Someone must go to the station and warn the station－master，” Kate thought. But who was to go？She would have to go herself. There was no one else. 21.What did Kate decide to do? A.Stop the express train. B.Check the signal light. C.Meet the passengers. D.Visit the station－master. 解题关键
(1)关键词：Kate’s decision
(2)定位：用Kate’s decision寻读，在文中找到If it were not stopped，that long train，full of passengers，would fall into the stream.“Someone must go to the station and warn the station－master，” Kate thought.But who was to go？She would have to go herself.
[尝试解答]据此可知，Kate决定亲自前往火车站向站长报警，阻止火车继续前行。 A项是原文的同义表述，故选A。
间接信息题一般无法在文中直接找到明确的信息，要求在理解的基础上，对原文信息进行加工或整理后得出结论。
[示例] (2017·全国卷Ⅱ·阅读B节选)
I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy
and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City.When the studio didn’t want me
for the film—it wanted somebody as well－known as Paul—he stood up for me.I don’t know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.
24.Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first? A.Paul Newman wanted it.
B.The studio powers didn’t like his agent. C.He wasn’t famous enough.
D.The director recommended someone else. 解题关键
(1)关键词：the studio和the role
(2)定位：用the studio和the role寻读，在文中找到“When the studio didn’t want me for the film— it wanted somebody as well－known as Paul— he stood up for me.” [尝试解答]根据第一段的“When the studio didn’t want me for the film— it wanted somebody as well－known as Paul.”可知，电影公司不想让作者演这部电影，是因为他们想要一位像Paul一样出名的人来演，这说明我不出名。故选C。
在解答时要带着原题回到原文中，看它们之间的吻合性。这类题目头绪繁杂，在解题时一定要避免急躁心理。
[示例] (2015·福建高考·阅读A节选)
Food festivals around the world
Stilton Cheese Rolling
May Day is a traditional day for celebrations，but the 2，000 English villagers of Stilton must be the only people in the world who include cheese rolling in their annual plans.Teams of four，dressed in a variety of strange and funny clothes，roll a complete cheese along a 50－metre course.On the way，they must not kick or throw their cheese，or go into their competitors’ lane(赛道).Competition is fierce and the chief prize is a complete Stilton cheese weighing about four kilos (disappointingly，but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones).All the competitors are served with beer or port wine，the traditional accompaniment for Stilton cheese. Fiery Foods Festival—The Hottest Festival on Earth
Every year more than 10，000 people head for the city of Albuquerque，New Mexico.They come from as far away as Australia，the Caribbean and China，but they all share a common addiction—food that is not just spicy(辛辣)，but hot enough to make your mouth burn，your head spin and your eyes water.Their destination is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival which is held over a period of three days every March.You might like to try a chocolate－covered habanero pepper—officially the hottest pepper in the world—or any one of the thousands of products that are on show.But one thing’s for sure—if you don’t like the feeling of a burning tongue，this festival isn’t for you! La Tomatina—The World’s Biggest Food Fight
On the last Wednesday of every August，the Spanish town of Bu?ol hosts La Tomatina—the world’s largest food fight.A week－long celebration leads up to an exciting tomato battle as the highlight of the week’s events.The early morning sees the arrival of large trucks with tomatoes—official fight－starters get things going by casting tomatoes at the crowd.
59.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.The chief prize for the Stilton cheese rolling competition is beer or port wine. B.More than 10，000 Chinese take part in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival. C.Thousands of spicy foods are on show in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival. D.An exciting tomato battle takes place at the beginning of La Tomatina. 解题关键
(1)选项中的关键词：A.The chief prize for the Stilton cheese rolling competition; B.More
than 10，000 Chinese; C.Thousands of spicy foods are on show; battle takes place。
D.An xciting tomato
(2)定位：查读原文，逐项排除。文中第一段第四句中的“...the chief prize is a complete Stilton cheese...”说明奖品是a complete Stilton cheese，故A项错误；根据文中第二段第一、二两句可知，参加者来自世界各地，故B项错误；根据文中第二段倒数第二句可知C项正确；根据第三段前两句可知，“西红柿大战”发生在节日结尾，而不是节日的开始，故D项错误。 [尝试解答]此题属正误判断题，故选C。
推理判断题考查学生根据字面意思，通过全篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示、推敲作者的态度、理解文章寓意的能力。
题干中常有infer, suggest, learn about等词。细节推断题考查的内容虽然也属于原文细节，但它要求考生在原文的基础上对文章信息进行分析、理解，立足于由已知推断未知。 [示例] (2016年10月·浙江高考·阅读B节选)
The plan，a world－first，will start on 19 April and run for a year. Only guests staying at the hotel will be able to take part. Frederikke Toemmergaard，hotel spokeswoman，said，“Many of our visitors are business people who enjoy going to the gym. There might be people who will cycle just to get a free meal，but generally I don’t think people will take advantage of our programme.” 26.Who are most likely to enter for the programme? A.The poor local people. B.The environment activists. C.Health－conscious hotel guests. D.Visitors fond of Copenhagen food. 解题关键
(1)定位：题干中的关键词为enter for the programme。查读原文，定位于文章第二句。 (2)详读：详读此段(即本段)，尤其是Only guests staying at the hotel will be able to take part.及酒店发言人的话：Many of our visitors are business people who enjoy going to the gym.
[尝试解答]由关键句、段推测出，那些喜欢健身、注重健康的酒店客人最有可能参加这项活动。故选C。
写作意图推断题要求考生在理解文章主旨的基础上明白作者的言外之意，推断出作者的写作意图。题干中常有purpose, in order to等词。不同文体的文章可能有不同的写作目的：to entertain readers常见于故事类的文章；to persuade readers常见于广告类的文章；to inform readers多见于科普类、新闻报道类、文化类或社会类的文章。 [示例] (2016·北京高考·阅读A节选) December 15，2014 Dear Alfred，
I want to tell you how important your help is to my life.
Growing up，I had people telling me I was too slow，though，with an IQ of 150＋at 17，I’m anything but stupid.The fact was that I was found to have ADHD(注意力缺陷多动障碍).Anxious all the time，I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.
...
Thank you.You’ve given me hope that I can follow my heart.For the first time，I feel good about myself because I’m doing something，not because someone told me I was doing good.I feel whole.
This is why you’re saving my life.
Yours， Tanis
58.Tanis wrote this letter in order to ________. A.explain why she was interested in the computer B.share the ideas she had for her profession C.show how grateful she was to the center D.describe the courses she had taken so far 解题关键
(1)定位：写作意图定位于第一段“I want to tell you how important your help is to my
life.”。
(2)详读：作者在文章开头直接说明写信的目的“我想要告诉你，你的帮助对我的人生是多么重要”；选文中的“Thank you”再次表明本文的写作目的是：表达作者的感激之情。 [尝试解答]作者意在表明她对这个学习中心的感激。故选C。
题干中常有think of, attitude, opinion等词，我们要善于捕捉描写环境气氛，表达感情、观点态度和心理的词句来推断作者的观点态度。 [示例] (2017·全国卷Ⅱ·阅读C节选)
Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert.But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality.The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards. 30.What is the government’s attitude to the development of the flying car?
A.Cautious. C.Ambiguous. 解题关键
(1)定位：由题干中的关键词“the development of the flying car”可定位于本段的“The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.”。
(2)详读：由此可知，政府对研制飞车持支持的态度。
[尝试解答]A.谨慎的；B.支持的；C.模棱两可的；D.反对的。故选B。
主旨大意题是阅读理解中考生失分最多的题目，因为该类试题不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。 主旨大意题包括：
1.主要内容型：问某段或某篇文章的大意，题干中常含有main idea, subject, mainly discuss
B.Favorable. D.Disapproving.
等词。
2.文章标题型：题干中常含有title。标题就是对文章主要意思的概括。
做主旨大意题的关键是要找到文章的主题句，找主题句的方法是略读法(skimming)，即快速阅读文首、文尾、每段的首尾句等。
[示例] (2016·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读D节选)
The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness，uneasiness, or worry.Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap (间隙) with conversation.Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs.
Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do...
Other cultures may use silence in other ways...
Nurses and other care－givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence... 35.What may be the best title for the text? A.Sound and Silence
B.What It Means to Be Silent C.Silence to Native Americans D.Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold 解题关键
(1)寻找主题句：第一段第一句。
(2)通读全文，概括主旨，结合文体，全盘考虑。注意最佳标题的特点：精准性强，涵盖性强，语言精练，有吸引力。
[尝试解答]由第一段第一句“The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups”以及每段的第一句可知，本文是讲沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。故选B。
[示例] (2017年6月·浙江高考·阅读A节选)
Benjamin West，the father of American painting，showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age.But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one.In those days，a brush was made from camel’s hair.There were no camels nearby.Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead.He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.
...
In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years old，Mr.Pennington returned for another visit.He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.He asked Benjamin’s parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.
In the city，Mr.Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.The boy began a landscape (风景) painting.William Williams，a well－known painter，came to see him work.Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home.The books were long and dull.Benjamin could read only a little，having been a poor student.But he later said，“Those two books were my companions by day，and under my pillow at night.” While it is likely that he understood very little of the books，they were his introduction to classical paintings.The nine－year－old boy decided then that he would be an artist. 21.What is the text mainly about? A.Benjamin’s visit to Philadelphia. B.Williams’ influence on Benjamin.
C.The beginning of Benjamin’s life as an artist. D.The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington. 解题关键
(1)用略读法抓大意：根据文章第一段首句“Benjamin West...when he was only six years of age”以及第四段首句“In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years old...”和最后一段可知，本文主要讲述的是美国绘画之父本杰明小时候如何最终下定决心要成为一名画家的。 (2)对照各选项选出答案
[尝试解答]A、B、D三个选项以偏概全，故选C。
[示例] (2016·浙江高考·阅读C节选)
Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn，but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists.Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort—the desire to explore，explain，and understand our world—is simply something that comes from our babyhood.Perhaps evolution(进化) provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds，and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children.The same cognitive(认知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists.As some psychologists put it，“It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.” 53.What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A.The world may be more clearly explained through children’s play. B.Studying babies’ play may lead to a better understanding of science. C.Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists. D.One’s drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows. 解题关键
(1)用略读法找主题句，段落主题句就是第一句话“Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists.”(把儿童发展看作是一项科学调查使了解儿童如何学习更清楚了，但是它也提供了一种令人鼓舞的对科学和科学家的看法。) (2)根据主题句选出答案。
[尝试解答]根据主题句及最后一句话“It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.”(不是孩子是小科学家而是科学家是大孩子。)可知选B。
词义猜测题着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。考查范围涉及单词意义理解、短语意义理解、句子意义理解或代词指代对象的确定等。
解答这类题型最重要的方法是理解含画线词的这一句，以及上下文或上下句的意思，无论是“猜义”题还是指代题，都可从句子逻辑关系或上下文联系去寻求答案。
注意：如果需要推测意思的词语是考纲内的熟词，我们必须通过上下文得出其在特定场合下的特殊意思，那些常规含义的选项往往不是所要选择的正确答案。
[示例] (2017·全国卷Ⅲ·阅读C节选)
Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development.By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area.They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around. 9.What does the underlined word “displaced” in Paragr－aph 2 mean? A.Tested. C.Forced out. 解题关键
这是一道词义猜测题，猜测词义离不开上下文语境，所以可以根据上下文语境对画线词进行合乎逻辑的推断。
[尝试解答]前句说明在黄石公园和美洲大部分地区曾有许多的灰狼，连词but转折了句子意义，由此可推断出此句意为人类的发展逐渐地使灰狼“离开，排出，挤出”，故选C。
B.Separated. D.Tracked down.
[示例] (2017年6月·浙江高考·阅读A节选)
The brush did not last long.Soon Benjamin needed more fur.Before long，the cat began to look ragged (蓬乱).His father said that the cat must be sick.Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.
The cat’s lot was about to improve. That year，one of Benjamin’s cousins，Mr.Pennington，came to visit.He was impressed with Benjamin’s drawings.When he went home，he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes.He also sent six engravings (版画)by an artist.These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.
In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years old，Mr.Pennington returned for another visit.He
was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.He asked Benjamin’s parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit. 22.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 suggest? A.The cat would be closely watched. B.The cat would get some medical care. C.Benjamin would leave his home shortly. D.Benjamin would have real brushes soon. 解题关键
(1)本题问：第三段中的画线句隐含着什么意思？ (2)通过分析上下文语境来理解。
[尝试解答]第二段提到本杰明剪猫的毛来制作画笔，导致猫惨遭“毁毛破相”，而下文又提到本杰明的堂兄Pennington给他送来了颜料和画笔。由此可以推知，画线句说明“猫的命运得到了改善”，隐含着“本杰明将得到真正的画笔”，故选D。
[示例] (2016·四川高考·阅读C节选)
His black－and－white pictures present a world almost lost in time.These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for.These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self－supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic, which brings with it not only necessary state welfare, but also alcoholism, betrayal and even suicide. 31.What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to? A.The modern French lifestyle. B.The self－supporting world. C.The uncivilized hunting. D.The French Republic. 解题关键
理清人物及事物间的逻辑关系是解答代词指代题的关键。考生可利用上下文，采用逻辑关系梳理法，使人物或事物的关系明朗化。要记住代词永远出现在原词之后，根据这条原则可快速排除选项中出现在代词之后的词汇，锁定答案。
[尝试解答]本题画线部分为it，指代上文出现的名词，即指前面的“the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic。”故选A。
课 堂 限 时 练 (限时：20分钟)
A
(2017·杭州地区四校联考)
Goodreads recommends the following books you want to read for the event to come. 1.The Lyrics：1961—2012 By Bob Dylan
Simon & Schuster，$60
What it’s about: This heavy，well－timed publication contains lyrics by the songwriter who just won the Nobel Prize in Literature，from his first album，Bob Dylan，through
Tempest.
What’s to love：The times may be changing，but Dylan’s fans are constant，traditional devotees who will want this epic collection for their shelves，to sit beside those beloved old large papers.
2.Taylor Swift：This Is Our Song By Tyler Conroy Simon & Schuster，$28
What it’s about：An elegant fanzine celebrating all things about Taylor Swift，especially the pop star’s countless fans.
What’s to love：Mom and/or Dad，the fan of Taylor Swift，will think you’re pretty cool if he or she discovers this temple to Taylor under the Christmas tree(even if it is a book).
3.Misty Copeland By Gregg Delman Rizzoli，$39.95
What it’s about：Star－figure female ballet dancer Misty Copeland strikes a pose(95，to be exact) in photos taken between 2011 and 2014，in the casual setting of dance studios. What’s to love：Since becoming the first African American woman to be named a principal dancer with the American Ballet Theatre，Copeland has become a cultural phenomenon，and Delman’s arresting pictures capture (捕捉) her muscular power and elegance. 4.@ NatGeo：The Most Popular Instagram Photos By National Geographic National Geographic，$19.95
What it’s about：National Geographic’s popular Instagram account (nearly 63 million followers)comes to book form in this title filled with eye－popping images from around the world.
What’s to love：Here’s proof that NatGeo’s talented photographers have conquered social media while maintaining the usual quality of their work.And for fans of more traditional coffee－table－size books，check out National Geographic’s Wild，Beautiful
Places：Picture－Perfect Journeys Around the Globe($40).
【语篇解读】 本文主要推荐了几本在圣诞节期间值得阅读的书。 1.Which author is noted for literature achievements? A.Bob Dylan. B.Tyler Conroy. C.Gregg Delman. D.National Geographic.
答案 A [细节理解题。根据第一本书下的“This heavy，well－timed publication contains lyrics by the songwriter who just won the Nobel Prize in Literature，from his first album，
Bob Dylan，through Tempest”可知，Bob Dylan在文学方面的造诣很高。]
2.For what event are the books most probably recommended? A.New Year’s Day. B.Christmas Day. C.One’s anniversary. D.Literature awards.
答案 B [推理判断题。根据第二本书下的“Mom and/or Dad，the fan of Taylor Swift，will
think your’re pretty cool if he or she discovers this temple to Taylor under the Christmas tree(even if it is a book)”可推知，本文所介绍的书都是为即将到来的圣诞节而推荐的。] 3.How much would a photographer normally spend on his favourite books listed? A.$39.95. C.$59.9.
B.$19.95. D.$99.9.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据第三本书下的“and Delman’s arresting pictures capture(捕捉)her muscular power and elegance”和第四本书及其下的“And for fans of more traditional coffee－table size books，check out National Geographic’s wild，Beautiful Places：
Picture－Perfect Journeys Around the Globe($40)”可知，摄影爱好者买这三本书要花$39.95
＋$19.95＋$40＝$99.9。]
4.Which book would a pop star’s fan probably buy? A.The Lyrics：1961－2012
B.Taylor Swift：This Is Our Song. C.Misty Copeland.
D.@ NatGeo：The Most Popular Instagram Photos.
答案 B [细节理解题。根据第二本书下的“An elegant fanzine celebrating all things about Taylor Swift，especially the pop star’s countless fans”可知，流行音乐歌手的粉丝们会买Tyler Conroy写的书。]
B
Taktak tabulaba?
You probably don’t know how to answer that question—unless you happen to be one of the about 430 people in the world who speak a language called Matukar Panau.Then you would know it means“What are we doing？”Matukar Panau is one of the world’s rarest languages.It is spoken in just two small coastal villages in Papua New Guinea.
Several years ago，David Harrison，a language expert，didn’t know much about Matukar Panau either.No one had ever recorded or even studied its words and rules.With so few speakers，the language risked disappearing soon.It was endangered.
Harrison didn’t want that to happen to Matukar Panau.So in 2009，he set out for Papua New Guinea.His goal：use modern technology to help the remaining speakers preserve their native tongue.
A.You can pay the fare in cash. B.You can see where your ride is. C.You can get fare quotes in advance. D.You can find someone to share the fare.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据第二段的“With this service，you can find people that take the same route on a daily basis as you and split the fare with them”可知，使用Lyft软件的特别之处是你可以找到与你同路的人分担路费，故D项正确。] 3.What do the four apps have in common? A.They are available worldwide. B.They are tied to taxi companies. C.They allow users to pay via app. D.They can identify your location.
答案 C [推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知，可以使用Uber软件支付；根据第二段最后一句可知，可以使用Lyft软件支付；根据第三段第三句可知，可以使用Easy Taxi软件支付；根据第四段最后两句可知，可以使用Curb软件支付，也可以用现金支付。据此可以判断，四个软件的相同之处是都可以用软件支付费用。]
B
Traveling to Europe to see its famous monuments like the Eiffel Tower in Paris and the Colosseum (古罗马竞技场) in Rome，is not exactly the ideal vacation for kids.Fortunately，Europe has more to offer than lots of old churches and ancient
history.You can enjoy some fun with your kids in the sun at some of the famous beaches of the continent.
Mykonos，Greece
The closer you get to the equator，the longer the beach season is，and Greece is wonderful for that.You can enjoy beautiful green water，public chairs and lovely umbrellas at the beaches in Mykonos.
Dubrovnik，Croatia
There’s nothing more attractive than the beautiful beaches bordering Dubrovnik，Croatia’s most beautiful city.It’s surrounded by stone walls like a castle.It almost
makes you feel like you’re suntanning(晒黑皮肤)at Hogwarts，where the hero Harry Potter of the story is trained!
Sicily，Italy
Rabbit Beach on the island of Sicily offers shallow and crystal clear waters，making it a perfect beach for families with young children.And if you want to add interest to your experience，try snorkeling (徒手潜水).
Nice，France
Lined with palm trees and first－class hotels，the city of Nice，located on the French Riviera，offers a whole coastline of Mediterranean beaches.Because they’re in the heart of the city，these beaches attract a large crowd.So if you’re looking for something more private，you’ll have to travel a few miles outside of the city center.
Ribadeo，Spain
At low tide，Playa de las Catedrales in Ribadeo，Spain is the perfect beach to take in the natural wonders without urban amusements like restaurants，bars or huge crowds.It boasts beautiful wild flowers and unique rock formations making it truly a picture worthy. 【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了几个适合孩子去度假的欧洲旅游胜地。 4.What makes Dubrovnik so special? A.It is surrounded by stone walls. B.It has the most attractive coastline. C.It has the longest beach season.
D.It is the training center of Harry Potter.
答案 A [细节理解题。根据第三段的“There’s nothing more attractive...It’s surrounded by stone walls like a castle”可知，Dubrovnik的特别之处就是它像城堡一样被石墙所围绕。]
5.If you plan to go to a beach in the city，where should you go? A.Mykonos. C.Nice.
B.Sicily. D.Ribadeo.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的第二句“Because they’re in the heart of the city，these beaches attract a large crowd”可知，选C。]
6.Which of the following is true about Ribadeo? A.Visitors can try snorkeling there. B.It offers visitors first－class hotels. C.It has restaurants，bars and huge crowds. D.Visitors can enjoy unique rock formations there.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后一句“It boasts beautiful wild flowers and unique rock formations making it truly a picture worthy”可知，游客们可以欣赏到Ribadeo独一无二的岩石结构。]
7.What do all the beaches have in common? A.They have beautiful wild flowers. B.They are famous European beaches.
C.They are well－known for their green water. D.They provide visitors with urban amusements.
答案 B [细节理解题。根据文章第一段多处出现的Europe和“You can enjoy some fun...the continent”可知，文章中介绍的所有景点都在欧洲，结合全文可知，这些景点都是海滩。]
C
Here are the responses from parents to the posts (帖子) about toys. ● Michele Manhire
My son Aaron is 8.It’s been 8 birthdays and 9 Christmases of “What can we get，Aaron？” without proper toys along the way.He is just simply particular about toys.I can honestly tell you，I am printing this list，and heading to a couple of stores (some online) that I can get some of these items! Maybe this won’t be such a depressing Christmas.
● Vera
Do you have any yam balls (纱球)？I bought a giant one for my classroom but ended up keeping it for my own kids.They’re strong enough to throw but soft enough to use as a doll bed.
● Natalie
Excellent post！Thank you so much for putting this together.I have been looking through special needs toy lists to find one that I thought would be most helpful to my
followers.This post agrees to our personal experience most closely.I have shared it with many other groups and the feedback has been wonderful.
● Meagan
This is a great list my son loved his egg chair and empty bottles are always a win.He also loves to turn a globe and look at wonder tubes.Wonder tubes are about $6 on Amazon.This year one of his gifts is a gel (凝胶) filled medicine ball.
【语篇解读】 本文是应用文。短文主要介绍了四位父母对关于儿童玩具所发帖子的回复。 8.What are the four posts responding to? A.A game list. C.A toy list.
B.A party list. D.A food list.
答案 C [细节理解题。由开头“Here are the responses from parents to the posts (帖子) about toys.”一句可知答案为C。] 9.What is Michele’s problem? A.She has no money for toys.
B.She can’t find good toys for herself. C.Her son has a special taste for gifts. D.Her son missed too many birthdays.
答案 C [推理判断题。根据第二段“He is just simply particular about toys.”一句可知，米歇尔的儿子对玩具十分挑剔，由此可以推断答案选C。]
10.Who suggests a good toy which can be used as a bed for dolls? A.Michele Manhire. C.Meagan.
B.Natalie. D.Vera.
答案 D [细节理解题。由第三段最后一句“...but soft enough to use as a doll bed.”可知答案非D莫属。]
11.Which of the following can we learn from the text? A.Vera works as a teacher herself. B.Michele Manhire only buys toys online. C.Meagan is puzzled by her son’s changing toys. D.Natalie follows many groups in choosing toys.
答案 A [推理判断题。根据第三段“I bought a giant one for my classroom but ended up
keeping it for my own kids.”可以推测Vera是一名教师。]
记叙文就是叙述经历或讲述故事。它包括日记、游记、传说、新闻、故事等。阅读这类文章，一要搞清“5Ws and 1H”，即何人、何时、在何地、因何原因、干了何事、结果怎么样，有何启示或感悟；二要弄清写作目的。
课 堂 限 时 练 (限时：22分钟)
A
(2017·金华十校联考)
I had been following the yellowish－green markers for a“popular and easy” three－mile out－and－back hike(远足).Immediately after the trailhead，the trail (小径) became very rocky and steep.But having read about the hike，I knew within five minutes，I was supposed to reach the hike’s first overlook.
However，the overlook never arrived.Instead，I found myself lost in the woods.Pulling out my cell phone，I saw it read“no service”.I checked the last text message I’d sent to my mom.It read，“Conference ended...going for a small hike before my flight home this afternoon.”I put my phone away and kept moving and yelling，“Help！Is anybody out there？”Every so often，I’d stop to listen，but I never heard a reply.
I got out my phone again.The battery was running out fast as it searched for a signal.I struggled to find a place where I could get service.When I did，I called my mom.It went through！In a shaky voice，I said，“Mom？”And then the call dropped.More than 1，500 miles away，my mom instantly knew something was wrong.She called the Denver Police Department and was directed to the US Forest Service.
This was how I was introduced to John，an operator from the US Forest Service.Following John’s instruction on the phone，I finally escaped from the woods.I breathed a sigh of relief.Then my phone rang，and it was John，making sure I was still going in the right direction.“By the way，”he said，“we’ve had your mother on hold this whole time.So
once you get down the mountain，you will absolutely want to give her a call.” 【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。“我”在森林里远足时迷路。手机信号微弱，电量也即将耗尽。在接通妈妈的电话后，通话便断了。妈妈意识到了危险，立即联系警察救“我”走出森林。 1.What did the author do while finding the trail rocky and steep? A.He yelled for help. B.He continued walking. C.He returned to the start. D.He found the first overlook.
答案 B [细节理解题。根据第一段的“But having read about the hike，I knew within five minutes，I was supposed to reach the hike’s first overlook”可知，“我”认为在五分钟内就可以到达目的地；据此可知，尽管石径陡峭，“我”仍然继续向前，故B项正确。] 2.When did the author tell his mom about the hiking? A.After he got lost. B.After John’s call. C.After a conference. D.After the call dropped.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据第二段的“Conference ended...going for a small hike before my flight home this afternoon”可知，“我”是在会议结束后告诉妈妈“我”将远足的，故C项正确。]
3.How did the author’s mom know he was in danger? A.The author called and told her about it. B.The author’s flight didn’t arrive on time. C.She learned it from the US Forest Service. D.She sensed something unusual on the phone.
答案 D [推理判断题。根据第三段的“‘Mom？’And then the call dropped...my mom instantly knew something was wrong”可知，在“我”叫了一声“妈妈”之后，通话便断了，妈妈立即意识到了危险；据此可以判断，D项正确。] 4.What can we learn from the last paragraph? A.John came to the woods for the author. B.The author’s mom was on line waiting.
C.John lost touch with the author’s mom. D.The author went in the wrong direction.
答案 B [推理判断题。根据最后一段的“We’ve had your mother on hold this whole time”可知，接线员们让“我”的妈妈一直在线等候，据此可以判断，B项正确。]
B
(2017·丽水高三模拟)
My elder brother Steve gave me important lessons in values that helped me grow into an adult after our father died when I was six.
For instance，Steve taught me to face the results of my
behavior.Once when I returned in tears from a Saturday baseball game，Steve took time to ask me what had happened.When I explained that my baseball had broken Mrs.Holt’s basement window，Steve encouraged me to confess to it.After all，I should have been playing in the park and not in the path between buildings.Although my knees knocked as I explained to Mrs.Holt，I offered to pay for the window if she would return my ball.I also learned from Steve that personal property(财产)is a sacred thing.After I found a shiny silver pen in my fifth－grade classroom，I wanted to keep it，but Steve explained that it might be important to someone else.I returned the pen to my teacher，Mrs.Davids，and she praised me.
Yet of all the instructions Steve gave me，his respect for life is the most vivid in my mind.When I was twelve，I killed an old brown sparrow in the yard with a BB gun.Excited with my accuracy，I screamed to Steve to come from the house to take a look.I shall never forget the way he stood for a long moment and stared at the bird on the ground.Then in a dead，quiet voice，he asked，“Did it hurt you first，Mark？”I didn’t know what to answer.He continued with his eyes firm，“The only time you should even think of hurting a living thing is whether it hurts you first.And then you think a long，long time.”I really felt terrible then，but that moment stands out as the most important lesson my brother taught me.
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文，介绍了“我”的哥哥陪伴“我”成长的经历：他鼓励“我”勇于承担打碎窗户的责任；向老师送回捡到的钢笔；他还教育“我”尊重生命。
5.What does the underlined word“confess”in Paragraph 2 mean? A.Cover. C.Deny.
B.Admit. D.Agree.
答案 B [词义猜测题。根据画线处上文“When I explained that my baseball had broken Mrs.Holt’s basement window，Steve encouraged me to”和下文内容可知，“我”玩棒球时打破了Holt夫人家的窗户，哥哥鼓励“我”向Holt夫人承认错误。据此可以判断，画线词意为“承认”，故B项正确。]
6.How did the author feel when he faced Mrs.Holt? A.He was unwilling. B.He felt frightened. C.He appeared challenging. D.He was light－hearted.
答案 B [细节理解题。根据第二段的“Although my knees knocked as I explained to Mrs.Holt，I offered to pay for the window if she would return my ball”可知，“我”在向Holt夫人解释情况时双腿打颤。据此可知“我”很害怕，故B项正确。] 7.Which was the most important lesson the author learned from his brother? A.Care for the property of others. B.The value of honesty.
C.Responsibility for one’s actions. D.Respect for living things.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句“Yet of all the instructions Steve gave me，his respect for life is the most vivid in my mind”可知，在所有的教育中，最令“我”难忘的是哥哥对生命的尊重，故D项正确。]
8.What technique does the author mainly use to organize the text? A.Time order. C.Examples.
B.Cause and effect. D.Logical reasoning.
答案 C [写作手法题。通读第二段可知，文章列举了哥哥鼓励“我”勇于承担打破窗户的责任、向老师送回捡到的钢笔这两件事，说明哥哥教育“我”要对自己的行为负责；通读第三段可知，哥哥教育“我”要尊重生命。据此可以判断，本文通过举例法组织全文，故C项正确。]
C
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.
I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2－to 3－week－old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.
I examined the chick(雏鸟) and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.
The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.
Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.
A nervous night to be sure，but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all—LUNCH！The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者拯救一只猫头鹰雏鸟的故事。 9.What is unavoidable in the author’s rescue work according to Paragraph 1? A.Efforts made in vain. B.Getting injured in his work. C.Feeling uncertain about his future. D.Creatures forced out of their homes.
答案 A [细节理解题。根据第一段第二句 “Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain.”可知，作者在拯救野生动物
时，不一定能救活， 一切努力可能会白费。] 10.Why was the author called to Muttontown? A.To rescue a woman. B.To take care of a woman. C.To look at a baby owl. D.To cure a young owl.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2－to 3－week－old owl.”可知，作者被叫去Muttontown的目的是去看一只猫头鹰雏鸟。] 11.What made the chick calm down? A.A new nest. C.A recording.
B.Some food. D.Its parents.
答案 A [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.”可知，作者把猫头鹰雏鸟放进新巢之后，它平静了下来。] 12.How would the author feel about the outcome of the event? A.It’s unexpected. C.It’s humorous.
B.It’s beautiful. D.It’s discouraging.
答案 B [推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，猫头鹰雏鸟的父母发现了它，并给它带来了午餐，作者认为这很可能会继续持续下去，所以由此推断作者对这一结果非常高兴(beautiful)。]
说明文是用平实的语言客观地解说事物、阐明事理、给人以知识的文体。说明文的大体结构有： (1)总体叙述＋细节或过程说明＋概括评述 (2)现象＋原因＋后果/启示/措施
阅读说明文的关键是：抓住说明对象的本质特征；注意说明的顺序，了解文章的结构，把握文章的脉络。
课 堂 限 时 练 (限时：23分钟)
A
The fact that ants are fascinating insects has been known for some time.Now，scientists have discovered a large number of wood ants living in an abandoned underground storehouse in Templewo，Poland，despite having no obvious source of food.
Polish zoologist Wojciech Czechowski and his team began studying the underground colony in 2013.They found the ants built a 60 cm high nest in the soil directly over the storehouse’s vertical air pipe.As years passed，the metal covering on the pipe
eroded，leaving behind a hole that thousands of worker ants accidentally slip into each day as they go about their daily chores.The scientists say that there are no sources of food in the storehouse.This means that the insects live in a state of near starvation.
In July 2015，the researchers disturbed part of the ant nest in search of larvae (幼虫)，empty cocoons (茧)，and queens.They found nothing，leading them to suspect that the lack of food and cold temperatures made reproduction impossible and that the group tending the nest is entirely made up of non－reproductive female workers.Their population is refilled every year，by a new rain of unfortunate ants that slide down the hole.The researchers say that when they returned in January 2016，the nest had been repaired.It appears that despite the terrible conditions，the worker ants do not stop constructing their nest.
Wood ants are known for their ability to adapt to bad living conditions.In this case，the millions of worker ants trapped in the storehouse have no choice.But instead of losing hope，they are making the best of the situation—a classic example of“when life gives you lemons，make lemonade”.
【语篇解读】 本文是科普说明文。科学家在波兰的一个废弃的地下储藏室发现了大量的蚂蚁；研究发现，这些蚂蚁是在寻食时偶然滑进来的；这里没有足够的食物，它们是饿着肚子生存的。 1.How did the wood ants arrive in the storehouse? A.They fell down there by accident. B.The research team brought them there. C.The storehouse builders left them there. D.They were attracted by the environment.
答案 A [细节理解题。根据第二段的“As years passed，the metal covering on the pipe eroded，leaving behind a hole that thousands of worker ants accidentally slip into each day as they go about their daily chores”可知，工蚁在日常寻食时偶然滑进通向地下储藏室的管道，故A项正确。]
2.What does the underlined word“eroded”in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A.Expanded. C.Exploded.
B.Rotted. D.Melted.
答案 B [词义猜测题。根据该句中的“As years passed，the metal covering on the pipe”以及“leaving behind a hole”可以判断，年复一年，管道外的金属被腐蚀了，留下了一个洞口使得工蚁们在日常寻食时偶然滑进了里面。据此可知，画线词意为“腐蚀”，故B项正确。] 3.What did the researchers find in the nest? A.Larvae. C.A queen.
B.Cocoons. D.Worker ants.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据第三段的第一、二句可知，研究人员在蚁穴里寻找幼蚁、茧和蚁后，却一无所获；他们只发现工蚁。故D项正确。]
4.Why did the population of wood ants remain steady? A.They had enough food. B.They were able to reproduce. C.They adapted to the conditions. D.They had newcomers to join them.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据第三段的“Their population is refilled every year，by a new rain of unfortunate ants that slide down the hole”及第二段的“the insects live in a state of near starvation”可知，有许多不幸的工蚁滑进这个洞穴，使得蚁群的数量保持稳定。故D项正确。]
B
(2017·金丽衢十二校联考)
Mike Godwin is an American lawyer and author who invented “Godwin’s Law” in 1990 when he made the following statement：As an online discussion grows longer，a comparison involving Nazis or Hitler is very likely to be made.
Godwin’s Law is applicable to online discussions in forums，chat rooms and on
blogs.The term has earned a place in the Oxford English Dictionary：Godwin’s Law，
noun.A facetious aphorism (有趣的格言) maintaining that as an online debate increases in length，it becomes certain that someone will eventually compare someone or something to Adolf Hitler or the Nazis.
Although coined to describe an Internet phenomenon，the term is being applied to the use of “the Nazi card” in other contexts.
A complaint by many forum users is that the so－called law is ending the discussion.One makes a Nazi comparison and another cries，“You said Hitler，so I win！”At that point，the discussion ends.The term has created a verb “to Godwin”as in “You Godwined this discussion！”
The mention of Godwin’s Law has come to be seen as a way to end an online discussion.Here is a complaint voiced by a forum user：It seems like Godwin’s Law is
becoming a real problem for any sort of discussion on the internet.Whenever Hitler，or Nazis，is brought up in a discussion，the discussion is then over and the poster who mentioned the subject is laughed at. This would be a problem if people mention Godwin’s Law when the Hitler/Nazi mention is relevant to the topic at hand.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文，介绍了高德温法则的来历及意义，并举例对其进行了说明。 5.What will certainly happen according to“Godwin’s Law”if the online discussion is lengthened?
A.The debaters will maintain their justice. B.The debaters will mention Hitler or Nazis. C.The debaters will earn a place in the forum. D.The debaters will become very sick and tired.
答案 B [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“as an online ...it becomes certain that someone
will eventually compare someone or something to Adolf Hitler or the Nazis”可知，如
果在线讨论的时间变长，那么参加讨论的人肯定会提到希特勒或者纳粹分子，故选B。] 6.What does the underlined word“coined”in the third paragraph mean probably? A.Built. C.Classified.
B.Adapted. D.Invented.
答案 D [词义猜测题。画线词所在句的主语为the term，指Godwin’s Law，虽然创造这个术
语的目的是描述一种网络现象，但是现在它正在被用在其他地方。故画线词表示“创造(新词语)”，选D。]
7.What is the mention of “Godwin’s Law” viewed as in a discussion? A.A way of objection. B.A way of complaint. C.A way of ending it. D.A way of creating words.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据倒数第一段中的“The mention of Godwin’s Law has come to be seen as a way to end an online discussion”可知选C。]
C
(2017·温州十校联考)
Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home? People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight.A recent research has found a new recipe of success.According to the study，if the cat is adopted before the dog，and if they are introduced when still young(less than 6 months for cats，a year for dogs)，it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly.Two－thirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog.
However，it wasn’t all sweetness and light.There was a reported coldness between the cat and dog in 25% of the homes，while aggression and fighting were observed in 10% of the homes.One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite.For example，when a cat turns its head away it signals aggression，while a dog doing the same signals submission (服从).
In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully，researchers observed a surprising behavior.They are learning how to talk each other’s language.It is a surprise that cats can learn how to talk“dog”，and dogs can learn how to talk“cat”.
What’s interesting is that both cats and dogs have appeared to develop their intelligence.They can learn how to read each other’s body signals，suggesting that the two may have more in common than we previously suspected.Once familiar with each other’s presence and body language，cats and dogs can play together，greet each other nose to
nose，and enjoy sleeping together on the sofa.They can easily share the same water bowl and in some cases groom(梳理) each other.
The significance of the research on cats and dogs may go beyond pets—to people who don’t get along，including neighbors，colleagues at work，and even world superpowers.If cats and dogs can learn to get along，surely people have a good chance.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。研究表明，狗和猫通过相互学习和理解彼此的语言是可以和平相处的。其实人类也可以如此。
8.Which below is closest in meaning to the word“swimmingly” in Paragraph 1? A.Smoothly. C.Quickly.
B.Briefly. D.Early.
答案 A [词义猜测题。根据第一段的最后一句“Two－thirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog”可知，被采访的家庭中有三分之二的家庭说他们的猫和狗能建立良好的关系。get along swimmingly和该句中的“a positive relationship”表达的意思相同；据此可以判断，画线词意为“顺利地，顺畅地”，故A项正确。] 9.When are some cats and dogs likely to fight with each other? A.They are introduced at an early age. B.They are cold to each other.
C.They misunderstood each other’s signals. D.They stared at each other.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据第二段的倒数第二句“One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite”可知，猫和狗打架的原因可能是它们的有些肢体语言表达的意思相反，故C项正确。]
10.It is suggested in Paragraph 4 that cats and dogs ________. A.are less different than we thought B.have common interests
C.are less intelligent than we expected D.have a common body language
答案 A [细节理解题。根据第四段的第二句“They can learn how to read each other’s body signals，suggesting that the two may have more in common than we previously suspected”可知，猫和狗可以互相学习肢体语言，它们比我们预料的有更多的相同之处，故A项正确。]
to be in control of knowledge that others may not know.
Talking about others can become a habit and unless you work hard to break it，you may discover that others distance themselves from you.After all，if you can’t be trusted to keep secrets and not share information，people may choose not to have you as their friend.We have two ears and just one mouth.When in doubt，it is always better to listen than to speak.
【语篇解读】 本文是议论文，论述了有些人热衷于说闲话的原因，并说明这种习惯的坏处以及如何改正这一不良习惯。
9.What’s the closest meaning of the underlined word“relay”？ A.show C.spread
B.cover D.get
答案 C [词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“someone who’s excited to”和“the latest piece of juicy news”可知，尽管这到头来没有什么好处，并且有人很可能会受到伤害，但是人们还是试图告诉某个热衷于传播最新有趣消息的人。据此可以判断，画线词意为“传播”，故C项正确。]
10.Which statement is NOT the reason for people being conscious of saying something they know they shouldn’t?
A.They feel not good when they leak out it. B.They aren’t interested in it.
C.They have a sense of conflict during saying it. D.They probably regret saying it.
答案 B [细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“As it is slipping out of our mouths，we start to feel uncomfortable”可知，一旦说出口，我们便感到不舒服；根据第二段第三句中的“We have a sense of conflict”可知，我们对是否要说出口会感到很矛盾；根据第二段的倒数第二句“Once out，they may feel good for a moment，but they’re just as likely to regret their decision”可知，他们会对说出去的话感到后悔。B项没有提及，故选B项。]
11.Why do people say something that should never be said and can hurt others? A.Because they want to hurt others. B.Because they hate this kind of people. C.Because they don’t know each other well.
D.Because they are lack of sensitivity.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据第三段的第三句“With our lack of sensitivity，we say things that should never be said and often don’t stop long enough to realize that we have not only hurt others，but we have unintentionally hurt ourselves”可知，由于我们缺乏敏感性，所以我们才会说出不应该说的话，故D项正确。] 12.From the last paragraph，we can know that ________. A.we should speak less and listen more B.we can’t keep secrets C.we haven’t many friends
D.we should talk about others as much as possible
答案 A [细节理解题。根据最后一句“When in doubt，it is always better to listen than to speak”可知，我们应当多听少说，故A项正确。]
纵观近几年的高考阅读理解试题，涵盖的题材包括政治、经济、文化和社会生活的方方面面，但细究起来，主要考查以下题材：即人物故事类、科普说明类、生态环保类和社会生活类。本部分从这四种常见的题材入手，帮助考生在考前进一步熟悉这类文章，从而更有效地备考。
人物故事类文章在高考阅读理解中经常出现，此类文章常常为情感类故事，所以要关注作者表达的个人感悟，或故事中出其不意的变化，而这些往往体现文章的中心或写作意图，属于必考点。总体来说，故事类文章的难度通常不会太大，考生只要跟随作者的思路，就能掌握文章大意。
课 堂 限 时 练 (限时：22分钟)
A
(2017·台州期末评估)
Claudio Viera de Oliveira is from Brazil.He was born with an upside down head and deformed(畸形的) legs.His mother was told by doctors that she should allow him to die，but she ignored their advice.Oliveira grew up and now he has written a book about his life after the age of 40.
Since he was a child，Oliveira has liked to keep himself busy.He didn’t like to depend totally on others.He learned to do things all by himself.At eight，Oliveira began to walk on his knees.His family had to change the floor of the house，so he could walk without injuring himself.His bed，plugs and lights had to be made lower so that he could do things for himself.
He couldn’t use a wheelchair because of his unusual shape，making it hard for him to be independent outside the home，but he begged his mother to allow him to go to school and learn with other children.He learned to use a pen with his mouth to type words and even use his lips to operate a mouse or a phone.He also went on to qualify as an accountant and gave speeches at special events.Now Oliveira has published his first book，called “El mundo esta a contramano (The world is the wrong way around)”.
Oliveira said，“Throughout my life I was able to adapt my body to the world.Right now，I don’t see myself as being different.I am a normal person.I don’t see things upside down.Nowadays I can say that I am a professional，international public speaker and that I receive invitations from all over the world.”
【语篇解读】 本文主要讲述了天生残疾的Oliveira获得成功的励志故事。 1.What was the doctors’ attitude towards Oliveira’s disease? A.Concerned. C.Confident.
B.Hopeless. D.Doubtful.
答案 B [推理判断题。根据第一段的第三句“His mother was told by doctors that she should allow him to die，but she ignored their advice”可推知，医生对Oliveira的病不抱任何希望，故选B。]
2.What do we know about Oliveira? A.He adapted himself to society. B.He managed to walk on foot at eight. C.He used a normal bed and lights at home. D.He controlled a wheelchair with his mouth.
答案 A [细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Throughout my life I was able to adapt my body to the world”可知，Oliveira成功地适应了社会。] 3.What does Oliveira do at present?
A.A doctor. C.An accountant.
B.A publisher. D.A professor.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据第三段的第三句“He also went on to qualify as an accountant and gave speeches at special events”可知，目前Oliveira的职业是会计，故选C。] 4.Which saying can best describe Oliveira’s experience? A.All that glitters is not gold. B.Where there is a will，there is a way. C.Health is not valued till sickness comes. D.It is more blessed to give than to receive.
答案 B [推理判断题。根据全文的整体内容可知，本文主要讲述了一个天生残疾的人克服生活中的重重困难，最终成功地适应社会的励志故事，启迪读者：有志者，事竟成。故选B。]
B
I wanted to have tea with Nirad in a tea break during a retreat(静养).I was holding the cup so he could sip(小口喝)tea.I was being careful and poured a small quantity in his mouth.I enjoyed concentrating on each moment and listening deeply to do a good job with serving tea.
We were immediately connected and befriended each other during this time.Two other retreat participants joined and then there were four us people talking about varieties of topics which ranged from how Nirad progressed in his education to cool ones like how he maintains his weight，etc.These conversations brought smiles and it seemed we all knew each other from long time ago.In subtle(巧妙的)ways，we quietly felt the connection.
When we finished tea，I felt like tying a wrist thread for Nirad.The wristband had the letters that read“WE”on one side and“ME”on the other if read upside down.This beautiful gift was received from the Moved By Love team(a non－profit volunteer organization in India).I told Nirad that my youngest brother is about his age，and he gave me a sweet，calm smile.
I felt deep content during this teatime.I had actually lived those moments，being sympathetic and friendly.It was an experience of joy.Later，during the retreat，each time myself and Nirad happened to greet or talk，we smiled naturally and felt connected.
It’s sad that we don’t connect deeply，even with our family or friends.We are just
too busy running after things，going nowhere.We don’t seem to concentrate or care enough for people during our conversations.I had these valuable realisations later.
On the last day of the retreat，I told Nirad，“This was the best teatime I ever had in my life.”He gave me a warm，unforgettable smile. 【语篇解读】 本文主要讲述了作者在静养期间结交好友的故事。 5.What can we learn about Nirad from Paragraph 1? A.He was healthy. B.He may be disabled. C.He worked in the retreat. D.He liked serving tea.
答案 B [推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“I was holding the cup so he could sip(小口喝)tea”可推知，Nirad可能是残疾人。]
6.When did the author make friends with Nirad? A.When they were at school. B.When the author cared for him. C.When they were tying the wrist thread. D.When they were in Moved By Love team.
答案 B [推理判断题。根据第一段的内容及第二段的“We were immediately connected and befriended each other”及“it seemed we all knew each other from long time ago”可推知，作者和Nirad以前不认识，只是在作者照顾Nirad喝茶时，建立了良好的感情。] 7.How did the author find the teatime with Nirad? A.Calm. C.Boring.
B.Sad. D.Happy.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据第四段的“I felt deep content during this teatime”及“It was an experience of joy”可知，作者与Nirad一起喝茶时很开心。] 8.What can we learn from the text? A.Running after things is very important. B.Going everywhere is very important. C.Connecting is very important. D.Drinking tea is very important.
