具有连接作用的关系代词
具有连接作用的关系代词 that，which，who，whom，whose， “关系代词”用于引导定语从句。 关系代词和关系副词
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。 关系副词有：when, where, why。 <><><>
注意：关系副词里面没有 how。
如果要修饰方式 way ，用 that 或 in which 引导，或者不用引导词。 I don’t like the way (that, in which) he eyed me. 我不喜欢他看我的那个样子。 先行词是人：多用who（一）
先行词是人而关系代词在限制性定语从句中做主语时，下列情况多用who，也可用that，但是用who更常见。
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？
A friend who/that helps you in time of need is a real friend. 患难之交才是真朋友。
先行词是人：多用who（二）
一、先行词是人称代词he, they, one(s)或指示代词those时，引导词多用who。 Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. 要去长城的人在这儿签名。
Time goes fast for one who has a sense of beauty. 对一个有美感的人时间总是快速而过的。
二、先行词是指人的序数词或是被序数词修饰时。
The first man who talks to me will receive a surprising present. 第一个和我对话的人将获得一份惊喜的礼物，引导词多用who。
They were the first who were here. 他们是第一批到达这儿的人。 先行词是人：多用whom
先行词是人而关系代词在限制性定语从句中做宾语时，下列情况多用whom，也可用that，但是更多的情况下是采用省略关系代词。
关系代词在限制性定语从句中做宾语：whom/ that，更多省略 He is the man (whom/ that) I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。
The students (whom/ that) you teach are now doing experiments. 你任教的学生这时在做作业。
Then I telephoned the doctor (whom) Mr. White recommended. 然后我打电话给怀特先生推荐的那个医生。 先行词是人：只能用whom
先行词是人而关系代词在限制性定语从句中做介宾时，只能用whom。 This is the man to whom I referred. 这就是我提到过的那个人。
The people with whom he worked thought he was a bit strange.
和他一起工作的人认为他有点奇怪。 先行词是人：只能用that
先行词是人时，在以下情况下，只能用that。 一、主句中包含疑问代词who或which时。
Who is the man that is standing by the door? 站在门边的那个人是谁呀？
Who that has ever worked with him doesn’t admire him? 曾经和他一起工作过的人谁不称赞他？
Which of us that knows anything does not know this? 我们中凡是稍有常识的人哪一个不懂得这个？ 二、关系代词在从句中做表语时。
He is no longer the simple-minded man that he was five years ago. 他不是五年前那个头脑简单的人了。 三、关系代词在从句中做宾补时。
He is not the fool (that) you thought him. 他并不像你想象的那样傻。
四、有两个先行词，而一个是人，另一个是物时。
He spoke largely of the men and the things that he had seen. 他主要讲了他所见到的人和物。 五、先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。
He is the bravest man that I have ever seen. 他是我所见过的最勇敢的人。
六、先行词被all, any, no, only, same, very等修饰时。 Ask Tom or any other student that was there. 问问汤姆或是任何一位当时在那儿的学生。 He is the very boy that I am looking for. 他就是我在找的那个男孩。 先行词是人：不能用that
先行词是人时，在以下情况下，只能用who/whom，不用that。 一、定语从句中的引导词和谓语动词被其他成分所分隔。
He was a man who, if had been properly supported, would have worked wonders. 如果当时给与适当的支持，他是一个本该创造出奇迹的人。 二、当先行词是集体名词被看作一群个体时。
The crew who were all asleep forgot to hoist the lantern. 熟睡的船员们全都忘了挂灯。
注意：当先行词是集体名词被看作一个整体时，关系代词要用which。 先行词是人：多用which
一、当先行词指婴幼儿、小孩时。
He made a face to the child which was in the mother’s arm. 他对抱在母亲怀中的婴儿做了个鬼脸。
二、当先行词是集体名词被看作一个整体时。
The group which is made up of ten members is responsible for this decision. 由10人组成的那个小组负责这项决定。
注意：当先行词是集体名词被看作一群个体时，关系代词要用who。
三、当先行词强调人物的身份（特征）、地位时。
He talked like a foreigner which/ that he hardly was. 他说起话来像个外国人，而他根本就不是。 四、当先行词强调个人的性格（特征）时。 He is the man which/ that he was. 他还是象过去那个老样子。
Bonny is quite different from the girl which/ that I thought her to be. 邦妮完全不是我曾认为的那种女孩。 五、当先行词强调人的品德（特征）时。
He is a gentleman which/ that his little brother isn’t. 他很有绅士风度，他弟弟却没有。 先行词是人：只能用whose
People whose rents have been raised can appeal． 那些被增加了租金的人可以上诉。
The film is about a spy whose wife betrays him． 这部电影是关于一个被自己妻子出卖的间谍的故事。
The man whose wallet had been stolen immediately reported the theft. 钱包被偷的那个男子立即报失。
I’m writing a letter to Mike, whose mother is ill. 我在给迈克写信，他的母亲生病了。 先行词是事物：用that或which
A house that/ which overlooks the park will cost more. 面朝公园的房子要贵些。
She was not on the train that/ which arrived just now. 她不在刚到的那列火车上。
Thank you very much for the present (that/ which) you sent me. 非常感谢你送给我的礼物。
Is this the key (which/ that) you are looking for? 这就是你在找的钥匙吗？ 先行词是事物：只能用that
一、先行词是everything, nothing, few, little, all, much等不定代词时： There are few that deal with this subject. 几乎没有人研究过这个课题。 All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的并不都是金子。
Tell us everything (that) you know, please. 告诉我你所知道的一切。
Is there anything (that) you don’t understand? 还有你不懂的东西吗？
注意：something做先行词时，关系代词多用that，也可用which。
二、先行词被all, any, few, little, no, only, same, very限定时： There is no difficulty that we cannot overcome. 没有我们克服不了的困难。
This is the only thing that I can remember. 这是唯一我能记住的事。
I’ve read all the books that you gave me. 我已经读完你给我所有的书。 三、先行词被序数词所修饰时：
The first thing that we should do is (to) work out a plan. 我们应该做的第一件事是制定出一个计划。
This is the first composition that he has ever written in English. 这是他第一本用英语写成的书。 四、先行词是数词或被数词限定时：
The two books that I bought yesterday are English stories. 昨天我买的两本书是英语短篇小说。
五、先行词是形容词最高级或是被形容词最高级修饰时：
This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 这是我所读过的最有趣的书。
This is the longest bridge that I have ever seen. 这是我见过的最长的桥。
六、关系代词在限制性定语从句中做表语时： My computer is not the machine that it was. 我的电脑已经不如从前了。
七、主句是含有what about?的疑问句时：
What about designing car engines that do not pollute the air. 设计一种不污染空气的汽车引擎怎么样？ 先行词是事物：只能用which 一、关系代词做介宾时：
They tried to think of a plan by which they could fulfill their task ahead of time. 他们试图相处一个能够提前完成任务的计划。
二、先行词与做宾语的关系代词被其他成分所分隔：
I’ll send you a book next month which you will like. 下个月我将给你寄去一本你喜欢的书。 三、先行词是that(those)时：
Is it that which you asked me to find? 这就是你让我找的东西吗？ 先行词是事物:whose,of which
先行词是事物：引导词用whose或of which
They built a house whose walls were made of glass.
They built a house the walls of which were made of glass. They built a house of which the walls were made of glass. 他们修建了一座用玻璃做墙的房子。
She lived in a town whose inhabitants speak French.
She lived in a town the inhabitants of which speak French. She lived in a town of which the inhabitants speak French. 她住在一个小镇，镇上的居民讲法语。
The house whose roof was damaged has now been repaired.
The house the roof of which was damaged has now been repaired. The house of which the roof was damaged has now been repaired. 屋顶被毁的那间房子已经修复。 <><><>
关系代词的省略：宾语
He is the man (whom/ that) I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。
The students (whom/ that) you teach are now doing experiments. 你任教的学生这时在做作业。
Then I telephoned the doctor (whom) Mr. White recommended. 然后我打电话给怀特先生推荐的那个医生。
Thank you very much for the present (that/ which) you sent me. 非常感谢你送给我的礼物。
Is this the key (which/ that) you are looking for? 这就是你在找的钥匙吗？ 关系代词的省略：介宾
This is the man to whom I referred. 这就是我提到过的那个人。（介词和介宾相邻，不能省略） This is the man (whom) I referred to. 这就是我提到过的那个人。（介词和介宾分离，可以省略） <><><>
The people with whom he worked thought he was a bit strange. 和他一起工作的人认为他有点奇怪。（本句的介宾不能省略）
The people (whom) he worked with thought he was a bit strange. 和他一起工作的人认为他有点奇怪。（可以省略） <><><>
This is the garden in which he sunbathed. 这是他做日光浴的花园。（本句的介宾不能省略） This is the garden (that) he sunbathed in. 这是他做日光浴的花园。（可以省略） 关系代词的省略：宾补
He is not the fool (that) you thought him. 他并不像你想象的那样傻。 关系代词的省略：表语
He is no longer the simple-minded man (that) he was five years ago. 他不是五年前那个头脑简单的人了。
She is no longer the person (that) she used to be. 她已经不是过去的她了。 特别注意：
引导词在定语从句中做表语时必须用 that，或是省略。 关系代词的省略：主语 There is?
There’s something (that) keeps worrying me. 有件事总让我担心。
There is a table (that) stands near the window. 有一只桌子放在窗旁。
There is somebody (who) wants you on the phone. 有人给你打电话。 <><><> Here is?
Here is a book (that) will tell you how to master English quickly. 这让有一本书会告诉你怎样快速掌握英语。 <><><>
插入语I think, I know, I feel, He believes, He admits, He guesses之前作主语的关系代词也可以省略。
He stopped the students from doing things (that) he thought were wrong. 他不让学生做他认为是错的事情。
He asked for something (that) I knew couldn’t be done. 他所要的东西我知道是无法提供的。 带介词的关系代词
一、where= in which, when= in which
This is the time when he normally arrives. 这是他通常到达的时间。
This is the time at which he normally arrives. 这是他通常到达的时间。(when= at which)
This is the time that he normally arrives at. 这是他通常到达的时间。（介词可以脱离关系代词，置于从句的谓语动词之后） <><><>
二、send the letter to whom, make the model plane for whom He is the boy for whom I made the model plane. （要注意to或for的正确选用）
He is the boy whom I made the model plane for. （介词可以脱离关系代词，置于从句的谓语动词之后） <><><>
三、come across whom, look forward to which
He is the man that/ who/ whom/ I came across in the park yesterday. （came across不能拆开，因为它是一个固定的词组）
（错例）He is the man across whom I came in the park yesterday. That was the kind of life that she was looking forward to. （look forward to不能被拆开。） 关系代词：who
关系代词 who 在从句中主要作主语，在非正式语体里 who 还可以作从句中的宾语。 I met someone who said he knew you． 我碰到了说自己认识你的一个人。（who 在从句中作主语） Succeed will come to him who is honest and diligent. 成功将归于诚实而勤奋的人。
The man whom I saw told me to come back today． 我见到的那个人叫我今天返回。（whom 在从句中作宾语）
关系代词：whom
He is the man whom I saw in the park yesterday. 他就是我昨天在公园里见到的那个人。（whom在从句中作宾语）作宾语用的引导词可以省略。 因此上面的句子可以改写如下：
He is the man I saw in the park yesterday. 关系代词：whose whose 用来指人或物，（只能用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。 They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，他们跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 关系代词：which（1）
which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时在非正式语体中可以省略。 They needed a plant which didn’t need as much water as rice. 他们需要一种不像水稻那么需要水的作物。（作主语）
The farm (which) we visited yesterday is located in the suburb of Beijing. 我们昨天参观的农场位于北京郊区。（作宾语，可省略。） 关系代词：which（2）
当在which和that面前进行选择的情况下，一下情况要选which： 1.在非限制性定语从句中通常用which作引导词，而不能用that做非限制性定语从句的引导词。
2. 修饰整个主句。
I never met Julia again after that, which was a pity. 从那以后我再也没有见到朱莉叶，真是遗憾。 3. 修饰谓语部分。
He can swim in the river, which I cannot. 他会在河里游泳，那正是我不会的。 4. 介词 + which
They are all questions to which there are no answers. 那些问题都是无头公案。 关系代词：that（1）
that多用来指物，有时也可以用来指人；在从句中作主语或宾语。 指物的时候多用that，也可用which。
It’s a question that (which) needs careful consideration. 这是一个需要仔细考虑的问题。（指物，作主语。）
Who is the man that is reading a magazine under the tree? 树下那个在看杂志的那个人是谁？（指人，作主语。） The girl (that) we saw yesterday is Tom’s sister. 我们昨天看到的那个女孩是汤姆的妹妹。（指人，作宾语，可省略。） 关系代词：that（2）
在以下的情况中，只能用that作引导词，而不能用which作引导词。 <><><>
1. 先行词为all , everything, anything, nothing, little等不定代词时。 All that she lacked was training.
她所缺少的是训练。 <>
everything等为先行词时，在从句中做宾语的引导词可以省略。 Have you everything you need? 你要的东西都有了吗？
Is there anything I can do for you? 有什么事要我做吗？
All you have to do is to press the button. 你所要做的就是按一下电钮。 2. 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的电影中最好的一部。 3. 先行词被序数词和the last修饰时 4. 先行词中既有人又有物时
They talked about the teachers and the schools that they had visited. 他们谈论他们参观过的那些学校和老师们。
5. 主句是含有who或which的特殊疑问句，为了避免重复时 Who is the man that is standing by the door? 站在门边的那个人是谁呀？
Which of us that knows anything does not know this? 我们中凡是稍有常识的人哪一个不懂得这个？ 关系代词：that（3）
that不能用于引导非限制性定语从句。 that不能和介词连用，引导定语从句； 而which可以，如：in which。 <><><>
This is the garden in which he sunbathed. 这是他做日光浴的花园。（关系代词和介词相邻时，必须which，不能用that） <><><>
This is the garden that he sunbathed in. 这是他做日光浴的花园。（关系代词和介词分开时，可用that） 关系代词：that（3）
that不能用于引导非限制性定语从句。 that不能和介词连用，引导定语从句； 而which可以，如：in which。 <><><>
This is the garden in which he sunbathed. 这是他做日光浴的花园。（关系代词和介词相邻时，必须which，不能用that） <><><>
This is the garden that he sunbathed in. 这是他做日光浴的花园。（关系代词和介词分开时，可用that） as与which区别：只能用as(1)
以下只能用 as 引导限制性定语从句，不能用which。 主要结构有：
the same?as as?as such?as so?as
主句中出现the same, as, such, so修饰先行词，需选择as做关系代词在定语从句中做主语或宾语。
It’s the same person as we wanted to find yesterday . 我们昨天要找的是同一个人。
Such girls as he knows are good at English . 他所认识的女孩都擅长英语。
Do you have such books as we like ? 你有我们喜欢那种书吗？
She will marry as healthy a man as she can find . 她将嫁给她能找到的任何一个有钱人。
There is so warm a house as we want to live in . 这里有如此暖和的房子，我们都想住在里面。
He has so difficult a problem , as none of us can solve . 他有如此难的一个问题，我们没有人能解决。
Is it the same hotel as you stayed in last summer? 这就是你们去年夏天住过的那家旅馆吗？
I have never heard such a story as he told. 我从未听过他讲的这类故事。 as与which区别：只能用as(2) 以下 as 引导非限制性定语从句。
一、as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容，从句可置于句首，句中或句尾 As everyone knows ,China is a beautiful country with a long history . 每个人都知道，中国是一个有着悠久历史的美丽国家。 The earth , as we know , moves round the sun . 地球，我们都知道，围着太阳转。
Tom works hard and is willing to help others, as we all know. 汤母工作努力，并且乐于助人，这一点我们都知道。
二、非限制性定语从句中的谓语为被动式时，常用as做主语
be said/known/announced/reported/mentioned/expected/discussed Grammar , as has been said before, is not a set of dead rules. 语法，就像以前所说，不是一套死规则。
As is known to all , Taiwan is part of China .
三、as引导非限制性定语从句，有“如，似，正像”的含义，因此，下列句式多用as as has been said above 如上所说
as anybody can see 正像每个人所看到的那样 as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样
The boy has as much progress as we had expected.
正像我们所预料的那样，这个男孩取得了大的进步。 关系代词：as和which的区别-1
关系代词 as 用于引导非限制性定语从句时，应注意以下几点： 一. as引导的非限制性定语从句位于句末时，一般可以和which互换，但是主句一定不能是否定的时候 as 和 which 才能互换。因为 as 只有肯定的概念，而没有否定的概念。
The author was brought up in a small village, as (which) is recounted in some of his stories.
作者是在一个小村庄里长大的，这个问题在他的一些小说了就被提到过。
She is extremely popular among the students, as (which) is common knowledge. 她在学生中间很受欢迎，这是普遍知道的。
He is an American, as I know from his accent. 他是美国人，从他的口音我就能听得出来。 <><><>
但是，当主句是否定句时，as和which就不能互换，因为as引导的非限制性定语从句不包含否定意义。
Spiders are not insects, as many people think. 蜘蛛不是昆虫，而许多人却认为蜘蛛是昆虫。 <><><> 二. as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在句子的最前面，而which引导的定语从句不能放在句首。
As is often the case, the girl forgot to her dictionary.（不能用which） 经常是这样子的，那个女孩忘了带字典。
As you will find out, all is now settled. 你将会看到这样的情况，一切都已搞定了。 <><><>
三. as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在句子的中间，which引导的定语从句也可以放在句子的中间。
Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses. 水是一种透明的液体，有许多用途。
Taiwan is, as you know, an inseparable part to China. 众所周知，台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。 关系代词：as和which的区别-2
关于“as 和 which 的区别”的答题要领： 1. as 只能用于非限制性定语从句；而 which 既可用于限制性定语从句，也可用于非限制性定语从句。
2. 定语从句前置，而主句在后时，一定是 as。
3. 定语从句在后或在中的时候 which 和 as 两者都可用 关系代词：but
关系代词but只能引导限制性定语从句； 关系代词but在从句中，只能做主格；
关系代词but的先行词可以是人也可以是物。
关系代词but的先行词通常具有否定意义，或者有疑问意义。 <><><>
There was no one but knows that. 没有人不知道那件事。
There was not one house but was burnt down. 所有的房子都被烧毁了。 <>
What did she see but was miserable? 她之所见除了惨状，还能是别的？
Who could he stay with but were thieves and gangsters? 他不同小偷强盗为伍，还能是谁呢？ 关系代词和介词连用
In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person (whom) she could turn to for help. 在黑暗的街道上，没有一个她能够寻求帮助的人。
At school we were greeted by the teachers, most of whom were middle aged. 在学校里我们受到老师们的问候，这些人当中大多数是中年人。 复合关系代词 what（1）
复合关系代词 what = the thing(s) which 复合关系代词 what引导名词性定语从句。 <><><>
Thank you for the lift. This is exactly what I wanted. 谢谢你让我搭便车。这正是我所需要的。
I like Jack. He never pretends to be what he isn’t. 我喜欢杰克。他从不虚假。 <><><>
名词性定语从句在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语。它实际上就是一个名词性从句。 What surprised me most was his way of speaking. 最使我诧异的是他说话的方式。 I don’t care what he thinks. 我不在意他怎么想。
Is the city much different from what it was ten years ago? 这个城市同十年前大不一样了吗？ <><><>
关于“名词性定语从句”这个概念，我们有话要说： 一、什么叫做复合关系代词？
二、名词性定语从句更像名词性从句还是更像定语从句？ 三、怎样减轻学生的负担？ <><><>
一、什么叫做复合关系代词？
复合关系代词 what = the thing(s) which，它既包含先行词the thing(s)又包含引导词which。
二、名词性定语从句更像名词性从句还是更像定语从句？
名词性定语从句更像一个名词性从句，事实上，多数知名语法著作把它归入名词性从句。薄冰、张道真等就是把它归入名词性从句。
甚至有人怀疑到底是否有“名词性定语从句”这个概念。回答是肯定的。“名词性定语从句”这个概念在引进教材《COLLINS COBUILD 英语语法大全》 P465 中提到。（nominal relative clauses）
三、怎样减轻学生的负担？
把以上两个问题向学生说清楚了，就会减少学生的困惑，从而减轻他们的负担。 <><><>
现在学生的困惑在哪里呢？ 学生可以浏览网络，学生有家教，有校外辅导班，有各种各样的教辅，林林总总。有的说 what 不能引导定语从句，有的却说可以。学生难免要感到困惑。如果老师能够把“复合关系代词”和“名词性定语从句”跟学生讲清楚，学生们就不会困惑了。 <><><>
以下一个重要的表述供大家参考：
名词性定语从句里面包含一个先行词也包含一个定语从句，所以它的前面不能再有先行词。故，其实它并不是严格意义上的“定语从句”。 复合关系代词 what（2）
复合关系代词 what 引导名词性定语从句。 <><><>
Don’t worry. I will give you what help I can. 别担心，我会尽力帮助你的。
what help = any help that, as much help as <><><>
I will lend you what few reference books I can spare. 我会尽我所能地把我的参考书借给你的。
what few reference books = all the few reference books that <><><>
What little he said on the subject was full of wisdom. 针对这个问题，他话虽不多却充满智慧。 <><><>
what few 意为：“尽管不多，然而已经是尽力而为了”，用于修饰可数名词。 what little 意为：“尽管不多，然而已经是尽力而为了”，用于修饰不可数名词。 <><><>
作限定词的 what 之后只能接 few 或 little 之类的词，不能接 many 或 much 之类的词。 复合关系代词 whatever 等
whoever，whichever，whatever 等为复合关系代词。 “复合关系代词”引导“名词性定语从句”。 <><><>
whoever = “the one who”，“he who”，“she who” <><><>
Whoever gains the most points wins the competition． 谁得分最多，谁就赢得比赛。
Whichever of them gains the most points wins． 他们中哪一个得分最多，哪一个就赢。
Whichever team gains the most points wins． 哪个队得分最多，哪个队就赢。
Whoever gets home first starts cooking the supper． 谁先到家，谁就开始做晚饭。
Whichever of us gets home first starts cooking． 我们当中不管谁先到家，就开始做饭。
Whoever cleans your windows doesn’t make a good job of it． 不管是谁擦洗你的窗户，他都没干好。 You can eat whatever you like． 你喜欢什么就可以吃什么。
When you are older you can watch whatever program you like． 等你长大了，你爱看什么节目就可以看什么节目。 复合关系词在从句中的功用
复合关系词“Wh-词”在名词性定语从句中可以做主语、宾语、表语、宾补、地点状语、时间状语和介宾。 <><><>
What happened upset him.
What在名词性定语从句中做主语。 <><><>
What he saw upset him.
What在名词性定语从句中做宾语。 <><><>
What she became in later life upset him. What在名词性定语从句中做表语。 <><><>
That’s what he calls his sister. what在名词性定语从句中做宾补。 <><><>
Where he went was Rome.
Where在名词性定语从句中做地点状语。 <><><>
Now is when I need you.
when在名词性定语从句中做时间状语。 <><><>
I’ll show you what you can open the bottle with. what在名词性定语从句中做介宾。 <><><>
名词性定语从句的句法功能 名词性定语从句做主语：
What he is looking for is a wife. 他要找的是妻子。 <><><>
名词性定语从句做直接宾语：
I want to see whoever deals with complaints. 我想见处理抱怨的人。 <><><>
名词性定语从句做间接宾语：
He gave whoever came to the door a winning smile. 他给从门经过的人甜蜜的微笑。 <><><>
名词性定语从句做表语：
Home is where your friends and family are. 家是家人和朋友所在的地方。 <><><>
名词性定语从句做宾补：
You can call me what(ever) you like. 你想怎么称呼我都行。 <><><>
名词性定语从句做同位语：
Let us know your college address (that is, where you live in term time). 让我们知道你的大学地址，也就是上学期间你居住的地方。 <><><>
名词性定语从句做介宾：
You should vote for which(ever) candidate you think best. 你应当投票给你认为最好的候选人。 先行词指人：关系代词做介宾
Mr Jones，for whom I was working，was very generous about overtime payments． 琼斯先生，我当时给干活的那位，常是很慷慨地付给加班加点的报酬。 Peter，with whom I played tennis on Sundays，was fitter than me． 彼得，星期天我常跟打网球的那位，身体比我健康。 先行词指物：关系代词做介宾
Ashdown Forest，through which we’ll be driving，isn’t a forest any longer．（正式文体）
Ashdown Forest，which we’ll be driving through，isn’t a forest any longer．（非正式文体）
阿斯顿森林，我们即将驱车通过，已经不再是森林了。 <><><>
先行词指物，关系代词做动词短语的宾语：（注意：短语动词不可被分割） This machine，which I have looked after for twenty years，is still working perfectly． 这台机器我已经照管了20年，现在仍然没一点儿毛病。
Your inefficiency，which we have put up with far too long，is beginning to annoy our customers．
我们对你的不称职容忍得太久，而顾客也开始对此感到不满意了 关系代词 关系代词
用来引导定语从句的代词叫关系代词，具体用法参见后面的定语从句。
1、关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that, as等，将定语从句和主句连接起来。英语中的关系代词一方面在从句中担任一定的成分，另一方面又起连接作用。 如：
The student who is drawing a picture is in Grade One. 正在画画的学生是一年级的。
2、关系代词who/ whom指人，如果作从句的宾语，则有时省略。 如：
Do you know the man who is wearing a red hat?
你认识那个戴着红帽子的男人吗？
3、关系代词which 指物，如果作从句的宾语，则有时省略。 如：
Have you found the book which you lost several days ago? 你找到几天前丢失的那本书了吗？
4、关系代词that既可指人也可指物，如果作从句的宾语，则有时省略。 如：
Can you see the man that is running along the river bank ? 你看得见顺着河边跑的男人了吗？
