定语从句
一、 定义及相关术语
She is an English teacher (who likes singing songs . ) 先行词 关系词/引导词 1.指代先行词teacher； 2.在从句中充当成分主语。
1.定语从句：一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或者代词之后，以补充说明该名词并使其具体化。相当于形容词，翻译成“??的”。 2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3.关系词（也叫引导词）：引导定语从句的词。
关系词通常有下列三个作用：A.引导定语从句； B.代替先行词；
C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。 关系代词：which、that、who、whom、 whose 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语 关系副词：when、where、why （在从句中作状语） 二、 关系代词 关系代词 that which who whom whose 指代 人/物 物 人 人 人/物 在从句中作什么成分 主/宾/表 主/宾/表 主/宾/表 宾 定语 【练一练】用正确的关系代词填空。
1. The eggs _____________ were in the basket were not fresh.
2. The friend ____________ came to supper last night wasn’t hungry. 3. The noodles ___________ you cooked were delicious. 4. I have a room __________ window faces south. 5. The girl _______________ I met is Lucy.
【注意】 that 与which 的区别
先行词指物时，引导词只用that不用which的四种情况：
1. 先行词是everything, nothing, anything, something, much, little, none等不定代词或由不定
代词any, some, no, much, few, little, every ,all 等修饰时。 2. 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。 3. 先行词中既有人又有物时。
4. 先行词被the very, the only 修饰时。
先行词指物时，引导词只用 which 不用that 的两种情况： 1. 介词后。
2. 非限制性定语从句中（从句前有逗号）。 【练一练】
1. They had nothing ________ could cure of his disease.
2. This is the most impressive film _______ has ever been put on. 3. We have to consider the first thing ______ starts our work.
4. 5. 6. 7. That is the only way ______ leads to your success.
They talked of things and persons _______ they remembered in the school. The sun heats the earth,_______ makes it possible for plans to grow. The world in_______ we live is made of water.
关系副词 When Where Why 先行词 表时间的名词 表地点的名词 一般为reason 功能 时间状语 地点状语 原因状语 三、 关系副词 【练一练】
1. This is the school ________ my father worked thirty years ago. 2. The reason ________ he was late was that he missed the bus . 3. I remember the day ________our band was formed. 如何选择正确的关系词：（做定语从句三部曲）
_______________________________________________________________________________复习巩固：关系代词与关系副词的区别：
I will never forget the days ________ we climbed the mountain together. I will never forget the days ________ we spent together. We visited the houses _________Lu Xun used to live. We visited the houses _________Lu Xun used to live in. This is the reason _________ why he was unhappy. This is the reason _________he explained to me.
四、 介词+关系代词（whom/which）
确定介词三原则：一先、二动、三意义
1. I still remember the day on which I first got to Paris.
I will never forget the day on which I joined the army. 2. He gave me some novels with which I am not very familiar. He is the student from whom we should learn a lot. 3. Air , without which man can’t live ,is really important.
The film during which I fell asleep was very boring.
练习：1.I never forget the year __________ I went to college.
2. Do you know the boy ___________ your mother is talking? 3.The pen ___________he is writing now was bought yesterday.
4.There are many beautiful overcoats, _________ I like the blue one best. Whose 的用法
表所属关系 whose+名词=the+名词+of which/whom =of which/whom + the + 名词 They live in a house ,____________________face south. = They live in a house, ____________________face south. =They live in a house, ____________________face south. 五、 特殊情况
① the way 作先行词，从句中缺状语，关系词有三种，that, in which ,不填。
The way ___________ he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. What surprised me was not what he said but the way_____________ he said it.
② one of +可数名词复数 + 关系代词 + V复
the （only/very）one of +可数名词复数 + 关系代词+ V单
1. The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings_________ lots of visitors.
(draw)
2. Titanic is the only one of the most wonderful movies _____________produced in
Hollywood . (be)
③ 如果定语从句分别修饰point，situation ，part, condition和case等表示抽
象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种情况中”。 I have come to the point where I can’t stand him.
The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.
反馈练习：
1. The manager _________ company I work in pays much attention to improving our
working conditions.
2. She will never forget the days ___________she spent in Beijing. 3. This is the school ___________ my father worked thirty years ago.
4. Those _________(want) to take apart in the game write down your name, please. 5. His walking-stick, ______________he can’t walk, was lost yesterday.
6. There are there libraries in our school ,all of __________ were built five years
ago.
7. The reason __________he can’t come is that he has to work late.
8. The family __________ I stayed with in New York are coming to Beijing .
9. _______ is known to everybody, the moon travels around the earth once month. 对比训练
1. We are trying to reach a point ___________both sides will sit down together and
talk.
2. Do you have anything to say for yourself?
Yes, there’s one point __________we must insist on. 3. We should go to the place __________we are most needed. 4. We should go to the place __________ needs us most. 5. I have lots of friends, some of _______are friendly. 6. I have lots of friends .Some of _________are friendly. 7. This is the library _________________ I borrowed the book. 8. It is from this library ___________ I borrowed the book. 9. Where did you last see Mr. smith
It was in the hospital _____________ I lived.
