5. result from to be the result of; happen because of 起因于 6. result in to have as a result; cause 造成 7. sit back to take no action 不采取行动；观望 8. take action to begin to act 开始行动
Proper Names
Aman Motwane 阿曼·莫特万 Amrit Desai 阿姆力特·德塞 Awareness Magazine 《意识杂志》（期刊名） Leon Nacson 利昂·纳可森 McKinley 麦肯立（姓氏） Walter Semkiw 沃尔特·塞姆基
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2. Frog Story
A couple of odd things have happened lately.
I have a log cabin in those same woods of Northern Wisconsin. I built it by hand and also added a greenhouse to the front of it. It is a joy to live in. In fact, I work out of my home doing audio production and environmental work. As a tool of that trade I have a computer and a studio. I also have a tree frog that has taken up 1. __________ in my studio.
How odd, I thought, last November when I first noticed him sitting atop my sound board over my computer. I 2. __________ that he (and I say he, though I really don't have a clue if she is a he or vice versa) would be more 3. __________ in the greenhouse. So I put him in the greenhouse. Back he came. And stayed. After a while I got quite used to the fact that as I would 4. __________ my morning email and on-line news, he would be there with me surveying the world.
Then, last week, as he was climbing around looking like a small gray/green human, I started to 5. __________ about him.
So, there I was, working in my studio and my computer was 6. __________ along. I had to stop when Tree Frog went across my view. He stopped and turned around and just sat there looking at me. Well, I sat back and looked at him. For five months now he had been riding there with me and I was suddenly 7. __________ by an urge to know why he was there and not in the greenhouse, where I figured he'd live a happier frog life.
\
As I looked at him, dead on, his eyes looked 8. __________ at me and I heard a tone. The tone seemed to hit me right in the center of my mind. It sounded very nearly like the same one as my computer. In that tone I could hear him \was weird. \what?\, my mind jumped in. Then, after a moment of feeling this communication, I felt I understood why he was there. 9. _________________________________ __________________________________Possibly the tone of my computer sounded to him like other tree frogs. Interesting.
I kept working. 10.___________________________________________________________ _________________ The fax said that the earth is warming at 1.9 degrees each decade. At that rate I knew that the maple trees that I love to tap each spring for syrup would not survive for my children. My beautiful Wisconsin would become a prairie by the next generation.
At that moment Tree Frog leaped across my foot and sat on the floor in front of my computer. He then reached up his hand to his left ear and cupped it there. He sat before the computer and reached up his right hand to his other ear. 11.________________________________________ _________________________________. He then began to turn a very subtle, but brilliant shade of green and leaped full force onto the computer.
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And then I remembered the story about the frogs that I had heard last year on public radio. It said frogs were dying around the world. It said that because frog's skin is like a lung turned inside out their skin was being affected by pollution and global climate change. It said that frogs were being found whose skin was like paper. All dried up. It said that frogs are an \That frogs will die first because of the sensitivity. Then, I understood.
The frogs have a message for us and it is the same message that some sober folks have had for us. \planet, for the sake of the future generations of human and for frogs. Because we are related.
Then I understood that there are no boundaries, that there is no more time. That we, for the sake of our relatives must act now.
And then I understood, not only why the frog was there, but, also why I am here.
(689 words)
I. Choose the best answer to each question with the information from the passage. 1. What is the author's purpose in writing the story? A) He wants to tell the story of an extraordinary frog. B) He wants to tell readers the characteristics of frogs.
C) He wants to show that frogs and humans can live together. D) He wants to encourage readers to fight against pollution.
2. Finally the author realized that the frog preferred staying in the studio rather than in the greenhouse because ______.
A) he wanted to remind the author that it's time to take actions against pollution B) he enjoyed being there surveying the world through a computer with the author C) he loved the tone of the computer which sounded like other frogs D) he was afraid the pollution outside might affect his skin 3. Frogs are called an \ A) their lungs are turned inside out B) their skin is dried up like paper
C) their skin is sensitive to environmental pollution and global climate change D) frogs can warn people of environmental pollution by killing themselves 4. What does \ A) People who are aware of the environmental problem. B) Adults not addicted to alcohol. C) People who lead a simple life. D) Adults on the planet.
5. By saying \ A) human beings have no more choices but act now
B) human beings and frogs are connected in the ecosystem C) frogs can communicate with human beings in a certain way D) the fight against pollution is endless
II. Translate the following sentences into English.
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1. 年轻人有时会抱怨无法和父母沟通。（communicate with）
2. 她从小就盼望着能在中国的一个村庄住上几年，现在她终于梦想成真了。（take up residence）
3. 家养的动物习惯于依赖人，因此很难在野外继续生存。（survive）
4. 他突然有种恐惧感，觉得自己会因为经济不景气而被公司裁员。（overtake）
5. 我想他很快就会回来，因为他答应和我一起吃晚饭。（figure）
III. Writing
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Aid--Education in China. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given in Chinese below:
1. 每年，高校许多大学生受到鼓舞去贫困地区支教。 2. 支教活动的意义。 3. 我的看法。
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Words & Expressions 1. atop prep. on, to, or at the top of 2. audio a. connected with or used in the broadcasting or receiving of sound radio signals 听觉的；声音的 3. boundary n. the dividing line, esp. between two areas of land 分界线 4. brilliant a. very bright, splendid, or showy in appearance 光辉的，灿烂的 5. cabin n. a small room on a ship usu. used for sleeping 船舱; a small roughly built (wooden) house 小（木）屋 6. climate n. the type of weather that a region has 气候 7. communicate v. to make known; 告知，传达; to share or exchange opinions, news, information, etc. 交流，交际，通讯 8. decade n. a period of 10 years 十年 9. directly ad. in a direct manner 直接 10. focus v. to bring into a focus 集中（注意力） 11. frog n. 蛙，青蛙 12. hum v. to make a continuous low sound 发出嗡嗡声 13. indicator n. a needle or pointer on a machine to show a measurement （测量器的）指针 14. log n. a rough length of tree-trunk 原木 15. maple n. 枫树 16. overtake v. to come up to the same level as from behind, and usu. pass 追上，赶上 (of a feeling) to affect very strongly （在感情上）压倒 17. prairie n. (esp. in North America) a wide treeless grassy plain 大草原 18. residence n. the place where one lives 住所 19. sensitivity n. the quality, state, or degree of being sensitive 敏感（性），灵敏（度） 20. sober n. in control of oneself, not drunk 清醒的；未醉的 21`. Species n. a division of animals or plants （植物或动物的）品种，种类 22. studio n. a workroom for a painter, photographer, etc. 画室；摄影室 23. subtle a. delicate, hardly noticeable, and esp. pleasant 细致的，微妙的 24. survive v. to continue to live 存活 25. syrup n. sweet liquid, esp. sugar and water 糖浆，糖水 26. tone n. the character or quality of a sound 音色，音质 27. urge n. a strong, deep, often uncontrollable feeling 激情 28. weird a. strange; unnatural 古怪的，奇异的 Phrases and Expressions 1.at this/that rate at this/that speed 按这样的速度 2. by hand by a person, not a machine 手工做的 3. for the sake of for the good or advantage of为…（的利益，好处）着想 4. vice versa in the opposite way from that just stated 反之亦然
Proper Names Wisconsin 威斯康星（美国州名）
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1. Care for Our Mother Earth
(Dr. McKinley of Awareness Magazine interviews a group of experts on environmental issues.) Dr. McKinley: What do you think is the biggest 1. _________ to the environment today?
Aman Motwane: The biggest threat to our environment today is the way we, as human beings, see our environment. How we see our environment 2.________ our whole world.
Most of us see everything as independent from one another. But the 3. ________ is that everything is part of one interconnected, interrelated whole. For example, a tree may appear 4. ________, but in fact it affects and is affected by everything in its environment — sunshine, rain, wind, birds, minerals, other plants and trees, you, me. The tree shapes the wind that blows around it; it is also shaped by that wind. Look at the 5. __________ between the tree and its environment and you will see the future of the tree.
Most of us are blind to this interconnectedness of everything. This is why we don't see the 6.__________ of our actions. It is time for each of us to open our eyes and see the world as it 7. ________ is — one complete whole where every cause has an8.________.
Dr. McKinley: Hello Dr. Semkiw. In your research, what environmental issues do you find most pressing?
Walter Semkiw: 9___________________________________________________________ _________. Mankind has now cut down half of the trees that existed 10,000 years ago. The loss of trees upsets the ecosystem as trees are necessary to build topsoil, maintain rainfall in dry climates, purify underground water and to convert carbon dioxide to oxygen. 10. _________________
__________________________________________________________. The evaporated water then returns as rain, which is vital to areas that are naturally dry. Areas downwind of deforested lands lose this source of rainfall and transform into deserts.
11.__________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________. Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gasses then resulting in the trap heat, resulting in warming of our atmosphere.
Dr. McKinley: Mr. Nacson, thanks for participating all the way from Australia! What do you suggest the readers of Awareness Magazine can do to help the environmental problem?
Leon Nacson: The simplest way to help the environment is not to impact on it. Tread as lightly as you can, taking as little as possible, and putting back as much as you can.
Dr. McKinley: What is your specific area of concern regarding the current and future state of the environment?
Leon Nacson: Air and water pollution are our Number One priorities. It is hard to understand that we are polluting the air we breathe and the water we drink. These are two elements that are not inexhaustible, and we must realize that once we reach the point of no return, there will be nothing left for future generations.
Dr. McKinley: Mr. Desai, what an honor it is to have this opportunity to interview you. Can you please share your wisdom with our readers and tell us where you see the environmental crisis heading?
Amrit Desai: We are not separate from the problem. We are the problem. We live divided lives. On one hand, we ask industries to support our greed for more and more conveniences, comfort and possessions. We have become addicted consumers, which causes industrial waste. At the same time, we ignore our connection between our demands and the exploitation of Mother Earth. When
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we are greedy for more than what we need for our well being, we always abuse the resources of our body and the earth.
We are nurtured by the healthy condition of Mother Earth. In humans, if the mother is ailing, the child suffers. We are the cause of the ailing planet and we are the victims.
Dr. McKinley: In closing, I thank all of the participants. I have learned a great deal about what I can do as an individual to help the environment.
I hope these interviews encourage the readers of Awareness Magazine to take action and develop your own strategy. Too many of us just sit back and say \Meanwhile, we are killing the planet. My aim of this interview is to show how one person can make a difference. Thanks to all for offering your wisdom. (731 words)
I. Choose the best answer to each question based on the information you obtain from the passage.
1. It can be concluded from the passage that ______. A) fossils fuel are the only cause of global warming
B) trees play an important role in avoiding global warming C) the interview is held in Australia
D) experts do not have a solution to the environmental crisis
2. By saying that \(line 2-3), Aman Motwane implies that ______.
A) everything in the ecosystem is part of one complete whole B) most people hold a wrong view on the environment C) everything affects and is affected by its environment D) people are indifferent to the environment protection
3. In Leon Nacson's view, air and water pollution are our Number One priorities because ______. A) he cannot understand why people are polluting air and water B) there will be nothing left for future generations
C) we would run out of air and water if we didn't stop polluting them
D) air and water pollution are the current and future state of the environment
4. TWhich of the following best explains Amrit Desai's words \ A) We pollute Mother Earth in pursuing a better life, which, consequently, hurts ourselves.
B) We are never satisfied with what we have, and we do not make good use of natural resources. C) If Mother Earth is ill, we, as her children, only enjoy part of our life.
D) Though we have created the environmental problem, we try to separate ourselves from it. 5. According to Dr. McKinley, what is the root cause of the environmental problem? A) Deforesting and global warming. B) The abuse of natural resources. C) Air and water pollution.
D) The attitude of human beings.
II. Translate the following sentences into English.
1. 这场给人类带来巨大灾难的战争对这样一个诗人产生了什么影响呢？（impact on）
2. 做母亲的有时候不能察觉她们所宠爱的孩子们的过错，这样做的结果会使孩子们再次犯
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同样的过错。（be blind to）
3. 作为一个新移民（immigrant），在这个完全陌生的国度里，她总是感觉到孤立无援。（isolate）
4. 做事不先考虑周全常会导致失败，因此我们应该三思而后行。（result in, act before thinking）
5. 奢谈的时候已经过去了，我们必须积极行动起来保护我们的环境。（take ... action）
III. Look at the pictures below and write about the causes and effects of the natural disaters with the help of the tips.
1. Sandstorm
2. Drought
3. Flood
Causes? Effects?
Tips Effects ·Picture 1: breathing difficulty, traffic jams, communication failure, horrible view, ... ·Picture 2: crop losses, food/water shortages, ... ·Picture 3: life and property losses, homeless, diseases, ... ·
Causes: deforestation, over-cultivation, pollution, global warming, imbalance of ecosystem, ...
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IV. Listening
Directions: Listen to the following passage and fill in the missing words in the blanks.
Global warming may be the most harmful environmental problem 1.____________ have created, and the most difficult to solve. Our society is largely 2.__________ by the fossil fuels that cause global warming. Its growing consequences ― ecological disruption, floods, drought, disease ― are convincing more and more people that we must cut down 3._________ pollution.
Many people view global warming as a problem too large and too 4.____________ for anything they can do to 5._________. However, in reality, there are lots of things we can do to stop, or at least to reduce it.
☆ Plant a tree. Trees \
☆ Install low-flow shower heads and faucets. You'll use less than half the water without 7.__________.
☆ Buy energy-efficient electronics and appliances. Then, turn them off when they're not in use. ☆ Reduce! Reuse! Recycle! Recycling a stack of newspapers only 8.__________ will save a good-sized tree.
☆ Mount a local 9._________ against global warming. Educate your community about how to cut greenhouse gas pollution. Support measures at the national and local levels that increase energy efficiency, and that 10.__________ the use of clean, renewable solar and wind technology.
Words & Expressions 1. addicted a. dependent on something, esp. a drug 成瘾的 2. ailing v. to be ill and grow weak 生病 3. Atmosphere n. the mixture of gases that surrounds any heavenly body, esp. the earth 大气（层） 4. carbon n. 碳 5. consequence n. result 结果
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6. consumer n. a person who buys and uses goods and services 消费者 7. convenience n. fitness; suitableness; the quality of being convenient 方便an apparatus, service, etc., which gives comfort or advantage 便利设施或用具 8. deforest v. to cut down the forests 砍伐（森林） 9. dioxide n. 二氧化物 10. downwind a. in the direction that the wind is moving 顺风处 11. ecosystem n. 生态系统 12. element n. a necessary part of a whole 成份；要素 13. environment n. the surrounding physical and/or social conditions 环境 14. evaporate v. change into steam and disappear 蒸发 15. expert n. a person with special knowledge or training 专家 16. exploitation n. the act of employing to the greatest possible advantage开采 17. fossil n. 化石 18. global a. of or concerning the whole earth 全球的 19. greed n. strong desire to obtain a lot or more than what is fair 贪心，贪婪 20. greenhouse n. a glass building used for growing plants 花房，温室 21. inexhaustible a. which is in such large amounts that it can never be finished 取之不竭的，用不完的
22. isolate v. separate from others 使…孤立，使…隔离 23. nurture v. to give care and food to 养育 24. oxygen n. 氧 25. petroleum n. a mineral oil obtained from below the surface of the Earth 石油 26. planet n. a large body in space that moves round a star, esp. round the sun 行星 27. pollute v. to make (air, water, soil, etc.) dangerously impure or unfit for use 污染 28. priority n. the state, quality, position, or right of being first in position or earlier in time; 优先（权），重点; something that needs attention, consideration, service, etc., before others 优先考虑的事 29. product n. something (useful) produced by growth or from the ground, or made in a factory 产品
30. purify v. to make pure 使…纯净，净化 31. release v. the act of setting free 释放，放出 32. source n. a place from which something comes 来源 33. specific a. detailed and exact 明确的，具体的; particular 特定的，特有的 34. strategy n. a particular plan for winning success in a particular activity, as in war, a game, a competition, or for personal advantage 战略，策略 35. trap v. to catch by a trick or deception设陷阱，诱捕; to holdback, block挡住，拦住 36. tread v. to walk on, over, or along 在…上走; to walk or step 践踏 37. wisdom n. the quality of being wise 智慧
Phrases and Expressions 1. all the way (from, over) a long distance 从远道 2. (be) blind to to be unable to perceive or understand 对…没有觉察到的 3. be separate from to be disconnected 分开的，分离的 4. impact on to have an effect on 对…产生影响
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3. Einstein's Compass
Young Albert was a quiet boy. \too quiet\thought Hermann and Pauline Einstein. He spoke hardly at all until age 3. They might have thought him slow, but there was something else evident. When he did speak, he'd say the most unusual things. At age 2, Pauline promised him a surprise. Albert was excited, thinking she was bringing him some new fascinating toy. But when his mother presented him with his new baby sister Maja, all Albert could do is stare with questioning eyes. Finally he responded, \
When he was 5 years old and sick in bed, Hermann Einstein brought Albert a device that did stir his intellect. It was the first time he had seen a compass. He lay there shaking and twisting the odd thing, certain he could fool it into pointing off in a new direction. But try as he might, the compass needle would always find its way back to pointing in the direction of north. \wonder,\he thought. The invisible force that guided the compass needle was evidence to Albert that there was more to our world that meets the eye. There was \behind things, something deeply hidden.\
So began Albert Einstein's journey down a road of exploration that he would follow the rest of his life. \
Albert Einstein was more than just curious though. He had the patience and determination that kept him at things longer than most. Other children would build houses of card up to 4 stories tall before the cards would lose balance and the whole structure would come falling down. Maja watched in wonder as her brother Albert methodically built his card buildings to 14 stories. Later he would say, \
One advantage Albert Einstein's developing mind enjoyed was the opportunity to communicate with adults in an intellectual way. His uncle, an engineer, would come to the house, and Albert would join in the discussions. His thinking was also stimulated by a medical student who came over once a week for dinner and lively chats.
At age 12, Albert Einstein came upon a set of ideas that impressed him as \book on Euclidean plane geometry. The concept that one could prove theorems of angles and lines that were in no way obvious made an \impression\on the young student. He adopted mathematics as the tool he would use to pursue his curiosity and prove what he would discover about the behavior of the universe.
He was convinced that beauty lies in the simplistic. Perhaps this insight was the real power of his genius. Albert Einstein looked for the beauty of simplicity in the apparently complex nature
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and saw truths that escaped others. While the expression of his mathematics might be accessible to only a few sharp minds in the science, Albert could condense the essence of his thoughts so anyone could understand.
For instance, his theories of relativity revolutionized science and unseated the laws of Newton that were believed to be a complete description of nature for hundreds of years. Yet when pressed for an example that people could relate to, he came up with this: \a minute and it seems like an hour. Sit with a pretty girl for an hour and it seems like a minute. THAT's relativity.\
Albert Einstein's wealth of new ideas peaked while he was still a young man of 26. In 1905 he wrote 3 fundamental papers on the nature of light, a proof of atoms, the special theory of relativity and the famous equation of atomic power: E=mc2. For the next 20 years, the curiosity that was sparked by wanting to know what controlled the compass needle and his persistence to keep pushing for the simple answers led him to connect space and time and find a new state of matter. What was his ultimate quest?
\want to know how God created this world.... I want to know His thoughts; the rest are details.\ (699 words)
I. Choose the best answer to each question based on the information you obtain from the passage.
1. The compass Einstein got at the age of five is especially worth mentioning, because it ______. A) started his research on relativity B) gave him the insight of its structure
C) sparked his curiosity in exploring the universe D) helped him recover soon from the disease
2. We can safely conclude that Einstein's achievements are mainly due to his ______. A) curiosity, humor and passion
B) patience, humor and determination C) determination, patience and passion D) persistence, determination and curiosity
3. In the course of Einstein's intellectual development, he benefited much from ______. A) communicating intellectually with adults B) playing with other children C) dining with medical students D) building houses of cards
4. Einstein's ability to explain profound theories in simple words shows that ______. A) he was good at condensing the essence of his thoughts B) he had a good command of communication skills C) he believed that beauty exists in simple things D) he was an expert in organizing ideas
5. Mathematics performed a very important function in Einstein's scientific career in that ______. A) it helped him to stay with problems longer B) it helped uncover the mysteries of the universe C) it greatly enriched his childhood
D) it enabled him to prove the laws of Newton
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II. Translate the following sentences into English. 1. 记者敦促发言人就此次军事打击作出解释。（to press for）
2. 他的竞选运动未能使选民相信他就是参议员的合适人选。(to convince )
3. 尽管我承认有问题存在，但我并不认为这些问题不能解决。（while）
4. 他在电视上的第一次演讲给听众留下了深刻的印象。(impression)
5. 一切事物都是互相联系又互相作用的。(to interact with)
III. Write a brief introduction to Chen Ning Yang, the Nobel Prize winner below. You can use the given information or the information from any resources within your reach. Chen Ning Yang(1922~)
Winner of the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physics · brought up in the peaceful and academically inclined atmosphere of the campus of Tsinghua University · received his M.S from Tsinghua University · made profound contributions to physics both in their depths and widths. · one of the first scientists of Chinese birth to win a Nobel Prize
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IV. Listening
Directions: Listen to the following passage and fill in the missing words in the blanks.
Each year the respective Nobel committees send (1)____________ to thousands of scientists, members of academies and university professors (2)___________ , asking them to nominate (提名) candidates for the Nobel Prizes for the coming year.
These prize nominations must (3)__________the respective Nobel Committees of the
prize-awarding institutions before February 1 of the year for which the nomination is being made. The prize-awarding (4)_________ for the Physics and Chemistry awards is the Swedish Academy of Sciences.
The nominations received by each committee are then evaluated with the help of (5)__________. When the committees have presented their recommendations to the
prize-awarding institutions, a (6)_________is taken for the final choice of Laureates (获奖者). The choice of that year's Laureates is announced immediately after the vote in October each year. The prizes are awarded at the Prize Awarding Ceremony at the Concert Hall in Stockholm, Sweden, on December 10 (the Anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death). At the Prize Award Ceremony in Stockholm, the King of Sweden hands each Laureate a (7)__________and a
(8)__________. The Ceremony (9)__________ a banquet at the Stockholm City Hall for about 1,300 people, (10)__________ 250 students.
Words & Expressions 1. angle n. the space between two lines or surfaces that meet or cross each other 角 2. apparently ad. obviously, clearly 明显的地
3. atom n. the smallest piece of a simple substance 原子 4. compass n. an instrument for showing directions 罗盘，指南针 5. condense v. to reduce in size 使…浓缩，压缩 6. convince v. to make someone completely certain about something 使确信 7. create v. to cause something new to exist 创造 8. curiosity n. the desire to know or to learn 好奇心 9. detail n. an unimportant part of something 细枝末节，琐碎; a single piece or fact about something 细节 10. device n. a piece of equipment intended for a particular purpose 装置，设备 11. equation n. a mathematical statement that two quantities are equal 等式 12. essence n. the central or most important quality of a thing本质，精髓 13. evidence n. information that gives a reason for believing something or prove something 证据 14. evident a. obvious to the eye or mind 明显的 15. fundamental a. (of a quality, idea, development, etc.) being at the base or essential 基础的 16. genius n. great and rare powers of thought, skill, or imagination 天赋 a person of very great ability or very high intelligence 天才，才子
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17. geometry n. the study in mathematics of the angles and shapes formed by the relationships of lines, surfaces, and solids in space 几何学 18. holy a. connected with God and religion 神圣的 19. insight n. the power of using one's mind to see or understand the true nature of a situation 洞察力 20. instance n. a single fact, event, etc., expressing a general idea; example 事例，实例 21. intellect n. the ability to use the power of reason 智力，才智 22. invisible a. that can not be seen看不见的，无形的 23. methodically ad. in a very ordered, careful way 有条不紊的 24. patience n. the ability to wait for a long time 耐性，耐心 25. petroleum n. a mineral oil obtained from below the surface of the Earth 石油 26. peak v. to reach the highest point or level 达到高峰 27. persistence n. the ability of continuing in a course of action or way of behaving 坚持不懈
28. relativity n. state of being relative 相对性
a theory about the relationships between time, energy, and mass, which change with increased speed 相对论 29. respond v. to say or write something in reply 回应 30. simplicity n. the quality of being simple 简单 31. simplistic a. treating difficult matters as if they were simple简化的 32. spark v. to be the cause of; lead to 激发 33. stir v. to move around and mix something into it with a spoon or similar object 使…动，搅动; to produce (strong feelings) in (someone)激起 34. stove n. an enclosed apparatus for cooking or heating火炉 35. structure n. an arrangement or organization; something formed of many parts 结构 36. theorem n. a statement that can be shown to be true by reasoning 定理，法则 37. theory n. a reasonable or scientifically acceptable explanation for a fact or event 理论 38. twist v. to change shape by bending, curling, or turning 扭，拧 39. ultimate a. being or happening at the end of a process or course of action 最后的，最终的
40. universe n. all space and everything that exist in it 宇宙
Phrases and Expressions
1. come over to make a short informal visit 来访
2. come up with to think of (a plan, reply, etc.); produce 想出，提供 3. come upon to meet, find, or discover, esp. by chance （偶然）遇见，（偶然）发现
4. fool somebody into doing something deceive somebody into doing something哄骗某人干某事
5. for instance for example 例如
6. in no way not at all 一点也不，决不
7. push for to try very hard to achieve or get 力求取得 8. relate to to understand and accept 理解，接受 9. up to as a maximum number of amount 多达
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Proper Names
Albert Einstein 阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦 Hermann Einstein 赫尔曼·爱因斯坦 Maja 玛嘉（人名） Newton 牛顿（姓氏） Pauline Einstein 波琳·爱因斯坦
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4. The Wake-up Call from Stockholm
\your life,\Ahmed Zewail at 5:40 a.m. on October 12.
Soon the world would hear of Zewail's award - the 1999 Nobel Prize in chemistry - and Zewail would hear from the world. Two thousand e-mails would zoom his way within a few days and three phone lines would start ringing with eager requests for interviews from the national and Egyptian press and with congratulations from friends and colleagues. But first, the 53-year-old man would share the news with his family.
He kissed his wife, Dema, and young sons, Nabeel and Hani. His mother, whom Zewail reached in his native Egypt, cried and cried. His daughters, Maha and Amani, \phone. I couldn't even speak,\
\'Good.'\guys will say 'So what?'\
The Royal Swedish Academy honored Zewail for his groundbreaking work in viewing and studying chemical reactions at the atomic level as they occur. He has shown \with rapid laser technique to see how atoms in a molecule move during a chemical reaction.\ Zewail had brought the most powerful tools from the field of physics into the chemistry lab to create a revolution, and the field of femto-chemistry was born. It was \and related sciences,\the Swedes announced, \this type of investigation allows us to understand and predict important reactions,\
Zewail is the 27th Caltech faculty member or alumnus to receive the Nobel Prize, and the third faculty member to be so honored in this decade.
\in new ideas and tools, you find what you don't expect. You open new windows.\
Zewail's path to the forefront of the international science arena has been elegant and swift, like the atoms he observes performing molecular dances. With a wealth of experience in home chemistry projects as a boy in Egypt, he sailed to the top of his class at Alexandria University. The classical science education he received there prepared him for a promised tenure-track position in the field of his choice: math, physics, chemistry, or geology, but he decided to get his PhD at the University of Pennsylvania - to \but to this young Egyptian, \Penn provided the \at UC Berkeley.
He stayed at Berkeley for postdoctoral work for two reasons: to think more about research rather than about getting a PhD and \back to Egypt with me.\apply to the top handful of American universities.
\received by the staff, administration, and faculty.\He also felt he could make his own way specializing in dynamics in a department strong on structure. And the Mediterranean climate didn't hurt. That was 1976.
Zewail was off and running, earning tenure in a year and a half, making full professorship by 1982, seated in the Pauling Chair by 1990. Now with a Nobel Prize under his belt, what's next?
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\
In the coming years, Zewail looks forward to more breakthroughs. He will remain active in research and in publishing papers, which he considers to be his babies (363 to date ). Tracking the progress of two papers within a week of receiving the prize, he reached a surprised editor who said, \push the envelope of what is possible. (711 words)
I. Choose the best answer to each question with the information from the passage.
1. Nabeel's reaction disappointed his father; the possible explanation of it might be ______. A) he had little idea of the importance of the Nobel Prize B) he took it for granted that his father should be the winner C) he was more interested in the king than the Prize D) he was afraid his friends would look down upon him
2. Zewail has pioneered in the field of femto-chemistry, which can be regarded as a revolution in ______.
A) chemistry and physics
B) chemical reaction and atomic structure C) laser technology and molecule research D) chemistry and other sciences related
3. Zewail attended several universities; they are, in order of time, ______. A) the Alexandria University, the University of Pennsylvania, Caltech
B) the Alexandria University, the University of Pennsylvania and UC Berkeley C) the University of Pennsylvania, Caltech and UC Berkeley D) the University of Pennsylvania, UC Berkeley and Caltech
4. Zewail chose Caltech over the other top American universities mainly because ______. A) there were already 26 Nobel Prize winners among the faculty members B) he appreciated the hearty welcome presented by the people there C) he found it a better place to specialize in dynamics D) the Mediterranean climate of California was agreeable
5. The editor thought it incredible to hear Zewail on the phone within the week of his receiving the Nobel Prize, because he thought ______. A) Zewail would go and visit to Hollywood
B) Zewail might be busy handling calls and e-mails C) Zewail should be occupied with dinner parties D) Zewail would have no time to do any papers
II. Translate the following sentences into English. 1. 大会报告人原来是我的一位老朋友的女儿。（turn out）
2. 尽管他已经退休5年了，但他在学术界仍然很活跃。（remain active in）
3. 如果确实在经济上有困难，你可以申请助学金。（to apply for）
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4. 这位科学家研制这种新材料达10年之久才有了突破。（to make one's own way）
5. 世界上主要的几家飞机制造公司正竭力制造飞得更快，更远的飞机，以争得更大的市场。（push the envelope）
III. Writing: Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Certificate Craze on Campus. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1)近几年大学校园内出现“考证热” 2)产生这一现象的原因 3)你的看法
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Words & Expressions 1. academy n. a society of people interested in the advancement of art, science, or literature, to which members are usu. elected as an honour学会；研究院 2. administration n. the management or direction of the affairs of a business, government, etc. 行政管理; the people who direct the affairs of a business全体行政管理人员 3. arena n. a place of great activity, esp. of competition or fighting 竞争场所 4. breakthrough n. (the making of) an important advance or discovery 突破 5. classical a. based on or belonging to an old or established system of principles or methods 经典的 6. colleague n. someone who works in the same place, office, etc. 同事 7. dine v. to eat dinner 吃饭，进餐 8. editor n. a person who prepares for printing, broadcasting, etc., by deciding what shall be included or left out, correcting mistakes, etc. 编辑 9. Egyptian n. of , belonging to , or being a native of Egypt 埃及人 ; a. 埃及人的 10. elegant a. having the qualities of grace and beauty 优雅的 11. faculty n. all the teachers and other professional workers of a university or college 全体教员 12. forefront n. the most forward place; leading position 最前线；最前方 13. geology n. the study of the materials which make up the Earth and of their changes during the history of the world 地质学 14. groundbreaking a. initiative, foundation-laying开辟新视野的，首创的 15. handful n. a small number (of people) 少数（人） 16. institute n. an organization which exists so that its members can do a particular, esp. educational or social, type of work 学院 17. investigation n. an act to try to find out more information about调查 18. laser n. 激光 19. Mediterranean a. of or near the Mediterranean sea or the countries around it地中海的；地中海沿岸的 20. molecular a. 分子的；由分子组成的 21. molecule n. 分子 22. postdoctoral a. related to studies or research done after receiving a doctoral degree 博士后的 23. prestigious a. with respect that results from good reputation 有声望的 24. probe v. to search or examine 探索；探察 25. retire v. to stop working at one's job, profession etc. 退休 26. royal a. belonging to, or connected with a king or a queen 皇家的 27. Swede n. a Swedish citizen瑞典人 28. Swedish a. relating to Sweden or to its people, language etc. 瑞典式的；瑞典人的；瑞典语的 29. swift a. moving or able to move at great speed 急速的，飞快的 30. tenure n. the right to keep a job until retirement 终身职位 31. transition n. the act of changing or passing from one form, state, subject, or place to another 转变，过渡 32. tumultuous a. very noisy and disorderly 喧闹的，骚乱的
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33. zoom v. to move quickly 迅速移动
Phrases and Expressions
1. bring in to cause to come in; introduce 引入 2. look forward to to expect with pleasure 期盼 3. make one's own way to succeed 成功
4. push the envelope to extend the limits of human achievement in an area （在某领域）竭力扩大成就
5. to date until today 迄今为止
6. turn out to happen to be, or to be found to be, in the end 被证明（是），结果（是）
Proper Names
Ahmed Zewail 阿莫德·扎威尔 Alexandria University 亚历山大大学 Amani 阿曼妮（女子名） Caltech 加州理工学院 Dema 德玛（女子名） Egypt 埃及（非洲） Hani 哈尼（人名） Hollywood 好莱坞（美国电影城） Maha 玛哈（女子名） Nabeel 纳比尔（男子名） Nobel 诺贝尔 Pauling 波林（姓氏） Pennsylvania 宾夕法尼亚州（美国州名） Stockholm 斯德哥尔摩（瑞典首都） UC Berkeley 加州大学贝克利分校
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5. Bathtub Battleships from Ivorydale
American mothers have long believed that when it comes to washing out the mouths of naughty children, nothing beats Ivory Soap (a registered trademark of the Proctor & Gamble Company). This is because its reputation for being safe, mild, and pure is as solid and spotless as the marble of the Lincoln Memorial. It doesn't even taste all that bad. And should you drop it into a tubful of cloudy, child-colored water, not to worry — it floats.
Ivory Soap is an American institution, about as widely recognized as the Washington Monument and far more well respected than Congress. It had already attained this noble status when Theodore Roosevelt was still a rough-riding cowboy in North Dakota. Introduced in 1879 as an inexpensive white soap intended to rival the quality of imported soaps, it was mass marketed by means of one of the first nationwide advertising campaigns. People were told that Ivory was \Americans have gotten themselves clean with Ivory.
So many hands, faces, and baby bottoms have been washed with Ivory that their numbers beat the imagination. Not even Proctor & Gamble knows how many billions of bars of Ivory have been sold. The company keeps a precise count, however, of the billions of dollars it earns. Annual sales of Ivory Soap, Ivory Snow, Crest toothpaste, Folger's coffee, and the hundreds of other products now marketed under the Proctor & Gamble umbrella exceed thirty billion dollars.
The company has grown a bit since it was founded in 1837 in Cincinnati, Ohio, by a pair of immigrants named William Proctor and James Gamble, each of whom pledged $3,596.47 to the enterprise. For decades Proctor & Gamble manufactured candles and soap in relatively modest quantities. It took more than twenty years for sales to top one million dollars, which they did shortly before the Civil War . The company's big break came with the introduction of its floating soap and the realization that an elaborate advertising campaign could turn a simple, though high-quality, product into a phenomenon. The soap's brand name was lifted from \of ivory palaces,\that placed it in the hands of nearly every American that the company soon built an enormous new factory in a place called Ivorydale.
Proctor & Gamble never forgot the advertising lessons it learned with Ivory. For instance, it was among the first manufacturers to use radio to reach consumers nationwide. In 1933 Proctor & Gamble's Oxydol soap powder sponsored a radio serial called Ma Perkins, and daytime dramas were forever after known as \operas.\Over the years the company added dozens of new product lines such as Prell shampoo, Duncan Hines cake mixes, and the ever-present Tide, \and improved\many a time. To this day, however, Ivory Soap remains a Proctor & Gamble backbone product.
Ivory remains a favorite among consumers, too, and no wonder. With a bar of Ivory Soap in your hand, you are holding a chunk of American history. If you like, you can even wash your hands and face with it and be assured that it is \pure.\
The latter quality of Ivory Soap is especially attractive to children. Generations of little boys armed with toothpicks, miniature flags, or leftover parts from model ships - there are always a few - have converted bars of Ivory Soap into bathtub battleships. A note of warning for any small boys who may be reading this: Mothers tend to frown on the practice. (613 words) I. Choose the best answer to each question based on the information you obtain from the
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passage.
1. We may infer from the passage that ______.
A) Proctor & Gamble was not impressively successful in its first 20 years.
B) the sales of Ivory Soap reach as high as more than thirty billion dollars per year C) the factory of Proctor & Gamble is located in Ivorydale, hence the name of the soap D) Proctor & Gamble was founded by two immigrants shortly before the Civil War 2. The most important reason for the great success of Ivory Soap lies in ______. A) its brand name which was lifted from the Bible B) its successful nationwide advertising campaign C) its feature of being 99.44/100 percent pure D) its mass production and low cost
3. By saying that \ A) Ivory Soap is a brand name of Proctor & Gamble's products in America B) Ivory Soap is an organization for providing washing powder C) Ivory Soap is well-known to Americans
D) Ivory Soap is a landmark building in America
4. Proctor & Gamble introduced Ivory Soap in order to ______. A) compete with high-quality soaps coming from foreign countries
B) arouse children's interest so that they would become loyal consumers
C) satisfy American mothers' need of washing out the mouths of their children D) bring a big break to the company and reach one million dollars in sales 5. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
A) Ivory Soap is as solid and spotless as the marble of the Lincoln Memorial. B) Soap operas became known as a result of a P&G sponsored radio serial. C) Ivory Soap is eatable and doesn't even taste all that bad.
D) Proctor & Gamble keeps a precise count of the bars of Ivory Soap having been sold.
II. Translate the following sentences into English. 1. 思想是通过语言来表达的。（by means of）
2. 我今年买的新书多得难以数清。（keep count of）
3. 这位老太太确信，今天她儿子会回家来为她庆祝生日的。（feel assured）
4. 他妈妈坚持说他每月的零用钱不能超过一百元。（exceed）
5. 上个月我们买了一辆车，是用我的名字登记的。（register）
III. Look at the pictures below and Write about the causes and effects of the natural disaters with the help of the tips.
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P&G Products Features
Ivory Soap Safe; Mild; Pure; Floating; Popular with children; Popular with
mothers
Crest Toothpaste Good taste; Popular with children Prell Shampoo Nurture hair; Clean up scurf
Tide Detergent
Clean stains; Sunshine smell 24
IV. Listening
Directions: The passage you are going to hear is printed below, though some of the paragraphs are not in the correct order. As you listen, number the 'six secrets'. Let me now share my six business success 'secrets' with you:
_______There must be a willingness to take risks. You should not risk more than you can afford to lose, but you can't afford not to take certain business risks.
________ Keeping a tight control on expenses - while at the same time not being 'penny wise and pound foolish,' is a wise business practice.
________The businessperson should always look for ways to improve their goods and services, as well as ways to increase efficiency and expand their marketing reach.
_________ Everything is marketing. Marketing is the key to letting the world know about your products and services. There have been many products that had great sales potential, but failed due to poor marketing.
__________Provide more and better products and services, to larger numbers of people, at less cost. __________An entrepreneur must deliver good quality products and services and stand behind one's work. Related to that is good customer service.
I've just revealed a handful of universal principles of business success. If you apply them, they can contribute toward your own business success, as well.
Words & Expressions 1. assure v. to give confidence to, convince使…确信 2. bar n. (a place with) a counter where alcoholic drinks are served 酒吧，吧台 3. bathtub n. (also bath) a large basin in which one sits to wash the whole body 浴盆，浴缸 4. billion n. (the number) one thousand million 十亿 5. chunk n. a thick piece, usu. irregular shape （一）大块 6. civil a. within a country 国内的 7. cowboy n. a person employed to look after cattle, esp. on horseback in America 牛仔 8. elaborate a. carefully worked out 精心的 9. exceed v. to be greater than 超过，超出 10. float v. to (cause to) stay on the surface of a liquid without sinking（使）漂浮 11. frown v. 皱眉头，表示不悦
12. immigrant n. someone coming into a country from abroad to make their home there 移民 13. import v. to bring in (something, esp. goods) from another place or esp. another country 输入，进口 14. ivory n. 象牙 15. latter a. the second (of two people or things just mentioned) （两者中）后者的 16. leftover a. remaining; unused 剩下的
17. manufacture v. to make or produce esp. by machinery or other industrial processes and usu. in large quantities 用机器制造（尤指在大量的） 18. marble n. 大理石 19. mild a. gentle; not violent 柔和的，温柔的 20. miniature a. very small 极小的
21. modest a. having or expressing a lower opinion of one's own ability than is probably deserved; hiding one's good qualities 谦逊的; not large in quantity, size, value, etc. 不多的，不大的，适中的，适度的
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IV. Listening
Directions: Listen to the following passage and fill in the missing words in the blanks. The purpose of education is not only to train youngsters for the 1)_______________ , but to prepare them for tomorrow's society. Because of the rapidly changing world, one can argue that changes will be continuous, which will make lifelong learning necessary for those who expect to 2)_______________ successfully. While some may argue that their education commenced when they began school and 3)________________ when they completed it, modern reality suggests that education is a lifelong process, and the classroom is merely the beginning of the education process. The 4)________________ of its definition implies that education is lifelong.
Lifelong education 5)_______________ and affects all existing educational providers, and extends beyond the formal educational providers to include all bodies and individuals 6)_________________ learning activities.
Lifelong education means enabling people to learn at different times, in different ways, for different purposes 7)_____________ of their lives and careers.
Words & Expressions 1. aphorism n. a true or wise saying or principle expressed in a few words 警句 2. assume v. to believe to be true without actually having proof that it is 假设，假定 take (power, responsibility or control of something) 承担
3. chirp v. (esp. of a bird) to make the short sharp sound （尤指鸟）唧唧喳喳的叫；发出短而尖的声音 4. commit v. to do (something wrong or illegal) 犯（错误、罪行等） 5. confuse v. to cause to be mixed up in the mind 使混淆；使困惑
6. coward n. a person who is afraid to face danger, pain, or hardship 懦夫 7. enthrall v. to hold the complete attention and interest of someone as if by magic 迷住，吸引住 8. fraud n. someone or something that is not what they claim or are claimed to be 欺骗 9. gaper n. 目瞪口呆的人 10. hard-bitten a. toughened by experience and showing no sympathy for others 经过锻炼的，铁石心肠的 11. haste n. quick movement or action 动作迅速 12. hint n. a slight indication of a fact, wish, etc. 暗示 13. idiomatic a. of or containing an idiom 成语的 14. indulge v. to allow oneself or someone else to have or do what they want, esp. habitually 放任
15. jot v. to write short notes quickly 匆匆记下 16. linguistic a. of language, words, or linguistics 语言学的 17. mislead v. to lead in a wrong direction 误导 18. naturally ad. in a natural way 自然地 19. Pakistani n. 巴基斯坦人 20. peculiar a. odd, strange 奇怪的，古怪的
belonging only to one specific person, group of people, place, etc. 特有的；独具的 21. proverb n. a short well-known, supposedly wise, saying usu. in simple language 谚语
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22. puzzle v. to make (someone) feel helpless and uncertain in the effort to explain or understand something 使…迷惑；使…为难
23. qualify v. to (cause to) reach a necessary standard （使）合格，有资格 24. rack v. to cause physical or mental pain, or trouble 使…遭受痛苦或烦恼 25. rear a. the back 后面 26. resort v. (to) to go or turn (to) for use, help, support, etc. 向…求助 27. retreat v. to move back 规避，退缩 28. slip n. a small or narrow piece of paper 小（纸）条
29. specialized a. (of , about) suspecting guilt or wrongdoing; not trusting 可疑的 30. throat n. 咽喉 31. tongue-tied a. unable to speak freely, esp. because of awkwardness in the presence of others （由于紧张，为难等）说不出话来的 32. vague a. not clearly described or expressed 模糊的 33. whimper v. to speak or say in a weak trembling voice as if about to cry 呜咽
Phrases and Expressions
1. jot down--- write down quickly 迅速记下 2. rack one's brains to think very hard 绞尽脑汁 3. resort to to make use of; turn to (often something bad) for help 求助于
Proper Names
Chicago 芝加哥市（美国伊利诺斯州）
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10. Returning to College
If I thought I'd live to be a hundred, I'd go back to college next fall. I was drafted into the Army at the end of my junior year and, after four years in the service, had no inclination to return to finish. By then, it seemed, I knew everything.
Well, as it turns out, I don't know everything, and I'm ready to spend some time learning. I wouldn't want to pick up where I left off. I'd like to start all over again as a freshman. You see, it isn't just the education that appeals to me. I've visited a dozen colleges in the last two years, and college life looks extraordinarily pleasant.
The young people on campus are all gung ho to get out and get at life. They don't seem to understand they're having one of its best parts. Here they are with no responsibility to anyone but themselves, a hundred or a thousand ready-made friends, teachers trying to help them, families at home waiting for them to return for Christmas to tell all about their triumphs, three meals a day — so it isn't gourmet food — but you can't have everything.
Too many students don't really have much patience with the process of being educated. They think half the teachers are idiots, and I wouldn't deny this. They think the system stinks sometimes. I wouldn't deny that. They think there aren't any nice girls/boys around. I'd deny that. They just won't know what an idyllic time of life college can be until it's over.
The students are anxious to acquire the knowledge they think they need to make a buck, but they aren't really interested in education for education's sake. That's where they're wrong, and that's why I'd like to go back to college. I know now what a joy knowledge can be, independent of anything you do with it.
I'd take several courses in philosophy. I like the thinking process that goes with it. Philosophers are fairer than is absolutely necessary, but I like them, even the ones that I think are wrong. Too much of what I know of the great philosophers comes secondhand or from condensations. I'd like to take a course in which I actually had to read Plato, Aristotle, Hume, Spinoza, Locke, John Dewey and the other great thinkers.
I'd like to take some calculus, too. I have absolutely no ability in that direction and not much interest, either, but there's something going on in mathematics that I don't understand, and I'd like to find out what it is. My report cards won't be mailed to my father and mother, so I won't have to worry about marks. I bet I'l1 do better than when they were mailed.
There are some literary classics I ought to read and I never will, unless I'm forced to by a good professor, so I'll take a few courses in English literature. I took a course that featured George Gordon Byron, usually referred to now as \very well in it the first time. I actually read all of Don Juan and have never gotten over how great it was. I know I could get an A in that if I took it over. I'd like to have a few easy courses.
My history is very weak, and I'd want several history courses. I'm not going to break my back over them, but I'd like to be refreshed about the broad outline of history. When someone says sixteenth century to me, I'd like to be able to it with some names and events. This is just a little conversational conceit, but that's life.
If I can find a good teacher, I'd certainly want to go back over English grammar and usage. He'd have to be good, because you might not think so sometimes, but I know a lot about using the language. Still, there are times when I'm stumped. I was wondering the other day what part of speech the word \
I've been asked to speak at several college graduation ceremonies. Maybe if I graduate, they'll
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ask me to speak at my own. (709 words)
I. Choose the best answer to each question with the information from the passage. 1. What does the author think of the students on campus? A) They lack a sense of responsibility. B) They are too willing to make friends.
C) They make their families worry about them. D) They fail to realize that college life is precious.
2. What do you think is a ready-made friend, as mentioned in paragraph 3? A) A friend who offers you help when you are in real need. B) A friend who is always ready to help you.
C) A friend who is easily and immediately available. D) A friend who will make everything ready for you.
3. The author thinks that the college students' attitude towards college education is ________. A) realistic B) pessimistic C) unfair D) objective
4. What is the reason that has made the author return to college? A) He wants to make some ready-made friends.
B) He intends to acquire knowledge to make more money. C) He wants to live an independent life. D) He finds it is a joy to get better educated.
5. The author wants to take calculus because ________. A) he has a special talent for it B) he is curious about mathematics C) he can bring home a good report D) he is interested in it
II. Translate the following sentences into English. 1. 他饮酒过量，对身体不好。 (more ... than ...)
2. 他知道这时父母亲都在急切地等着他回家过年。 (to wait for ... to)
3. 招我们喜欢的不仅是他的聪明，还有他的幽默。 (to appeal to)
4. 有些年轻人似乎对一切事情都缺乏耐心。(to have patience with)
5. 不知道所有这些相关信息能否凑成一幅关于他的清晰图画。(to add up to)
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III. Writing: Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Frustration Education should be Strengthened among College Students. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese)：
1)大学生应对挫折的能力差，学校应当加强挫折教育 2)开展挫折教育刻不容缓
Words & Expressions 1. absolutely ad. completely, totally 完全的；绝对的 2. appeal (to) v. to please, attract, or interest 吸引 3. associate v. to connect in mind 联系；联想
4. bet v. to state confidently (what will happen or has happened) 敢说；打赌；确信 5. buck n. a US dollar 6. calculus n. a type of advanced mathematics 微积分 7. conceit n. too high an opinion of oneself 自负；虚荣心 8. deny v. to declare untrue; refuse to accept as a fact 否认 9. draft v. to require military service of somebody 征召入伍 10. educate v. to give somebody knowledge through schooling 教育 11. extraordinarily ad. more than usually; extremely 格外的 12. gourmet a. (of food) delicate, of excellent quality （食品）精美的 13. grammar n. 语法
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