口译笔译分类词汇（7）--经济金融词汇
来源：网络 发布日期：2009-04-16 11:06 分享到0
不景气 slump （衰退 recession） 二板市场 the second board market
中国创业板 China Growth Enterprise Market 首次上市 IPOs (initial public offering) 市场资本总额 market capitalization 法人股 institutional shares
内部股（非上市招股） private company shares 牛市 bull market 法律风险 legal risk
风险管理 risk management
坚持严格的贷款标准 maintain strong underwriting standards 六大风险 risks in 6 key areas (U.S. Federal Reserve criterion) 信用风险 credit risk
供给学派 supply-side economist
第一产业（农业） agriculture (primary industry)
第二产业（工业） manufacturing industry (secondary industry) 第三产业（服务业） service industry (tertiary industry) 主要经济指标 major economic indicators
国内生产总值 GDP gross domestic product （商品和劳务币值总和，不包括海外收入支出） 国民生产总值 GNP gross national product（商品和劳务币值总和，包括海外收入支出） 人均国内生产总值 GDP per capita 宏观经济 macro economy 互助基金 mutual fund
扩大内需 expand domestic demand
改善居民心理预期 inspire the general public's confidence in the future needs 鼓励增加即期消费 encourage more immediate consumption 长期国债 long-term treasury bonds 支付国债利息 to service treasury bonds
财政赤字和债务 deficits and the national debt 按原口径计算 calculate on the base line 按不变价格计算 calculate at constant price 按可比价格计算 calculate at comparable price 列入财政预算支出 listed in the fiscal budget
结售汇制度 the system of exchange, settlement and sales
经常项目顺差 favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account 开办人民币业务 engage in Renminbi (RMB) business
出口退税制度 the system of refunding taxes on exported goods 保证金台帐制度 Deposit account system for processing trade 分期付款 pay by installment
保值储蓄 inflation-proof bank savings
抵押贷款 collateralised loans
住房抵押贷款 residential mortgage loan 货币主义者 monetarist 计划经济 planned economy 指令性计划 mandatory plan 技术密集型 technology intensive 大规模生产 mass production 经济林 cash tree
跟踪审计 follow-up auditing 流动性风险 liquidity risk 操作风险 operational risk 内部审计 internal audit 抛售 bear sales
配套政策 supporting policies
中国人民银行（中央银行）The People’s Bank of China（central bank） 四大国有商业银行 4 major state-owned commercial banks 中国银行 Bank of china
中国工商银行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China（）and 中国建设银行 Construction Bank of China 中国农业银行 Agricultural Bank of China 招商银行 China Merchants Bank 疲软股票 soft stock 配股 allotment of shares
实际增长率 growth rate in real terms
年均增长率 average growth rate per annum 投资回报率 rate of return on investment 外贸进出口总额 total foreign trade value
实际利用外资 incoming overseas capital (investment) in place 消费价格指数 consumer price index (CPI) 零售价格指数 retail price index （RPI）
生活费用价格总指数 total price index of living cost 生活费用 income available for living expenses
扣除物价因素 in real terms / on inflation-adjusted basis 居民储蓄存款 residents’ bank savings deposit
恩格尔系数（食品开支占总支出的比例） Engel coefficient 基尼系数（衡量地区差别） Gini coefficient
购买力平价法 purchasing power parity (PPP) （衡量使用不同货币的两个国家或地区的经济水平、收入水平的一种计算法，用相等的汇率比较两种货币各自的国内购买力） 片面追求发展速度 excessive pursuit of growth
泡沫经济 bubble economy 经济过热 overheating of economy 通货膨胀 inflation
实体经济 the real economy 经济规律 laws of economics 市场调节 market regulation
优化资源配置 optimize allocation of resources 规模经营优势 advantage of economies of scale 劳动密集型 labor intensive 市场风险 market risk
收紧银根 tighten up monetary policy
适度从紧的财政政策 moderately tight fiscal policy 信用紧缩 credit crunch
加强国有商业银行内部资金调度 In state commercial banks, internal capital allocation should be improved.
合理划分贷款审批权限 Limits of authority for examining and approving loans should be rationally defined.
保证有市场、有效益、守信用企业的流动资金贷款 ensure floating capital loans for
well-performing and trustworthy enterprises which turn out the right products for the right markets 启动民间投资 attract investment from the private sector
适销对路的产品 the right products / readily marketable products 国有企业 state-owned enterprises (SOEs)
集体企业 collectively-owned (partnership) enterprises 私营企业 private businesses
民营企业 privately-run businesses
中小企业 small-and-medium-sized enterprises
三资企业（中外合资、中外合作、外商独资） overseas-invested enterprises; foreign-invested enterprises (Chinese-overseas equity joint ventures, Chinese-overseas contractual joint ventures, wholly foreign- owned enterprises)
存款保证金 guaranty money for deposits
货币回笼 withdrawal of currency from circulation 吸收游资 absorb idle fund
经常性贷款 commercial lending 经常性支出 operating expenses 再贷款 re-lending; subloan
支持国有大型企业和高新技术企业上市融资 support large state-owned enterprises and high and innovative technology companies in their efforts to seek financing by listing on the stock market
改制上市 An enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market.
进一步规范和发展证券市场 further standardize and develop the securities market 增加直接融资比重 increase the proportion of direct financing
完善股票发行上市制度 improve the system for IPO and listing on stock markets 中国证监会 China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) 深圳证券交易所市 Shenzhen Stock Exchange 上海证券交易所 Shanghai Stock Exchange 综合指数 composite index
纳斯达克（高技术企业板） NASDAQ （National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation
主板市场 the main board
通货紧缩 deflation
中国现代化建设分三步走的战略the three-step development strategy of China’s modernization drive第一步，到1990年国民生产总值比1980年翻一番 Step One: GDP of 1990 doubles that of 1980.第二步，到2000年人均国民生产总值比1980年翻两番，人民生活达到小康水平 Step Two: GDP of 2000 quadruples that of 1980; people live a fairly comfortable life.第三步，到21世纪中期建国100周年时，达到中等发达国家水平 Step Three: By the year 2049, the 100th anniversary of the P.R.C., China’s level of development is expected to be on par with the mid-ranking developed countries
与世界经济的联系将更加紧密 be more closely linked to the world economy
中国巨大的市场潜力将逐步转化为现实的购买力 The huge market potential that China enjoys will be turned into tangible purchasing power.
适应市场经济需要的法律法规体系还不够健全 The regulatory and legal system is not well established as to adapt to the demand of market economy.
经济管理体制可能会出现一些不适应 The economic management system may not be readily adapted to the changes.
一些行业和企业可能会受到冲击 Some sectors of economy and some businesses may be adversely affected.
立足中国国情，发挥自身优势 proceed from national conditions in China and bring our advantages into play
扬长避短，趋利避害，迎接经济全球化的挑战 foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses and rise to the challenge of economic globalization 瓶颈制约 bottleneck constraints
放权让利 decentralization and interest concessions (in late 1980s and early 1990s) 深化改革 intensify reform; deepen one’s commitment to reform 配套改革 supporting (concomitant) reforms 配套资金 counterpart funds; local funding of
提高经济效益 improve economic performance; increase economic returns 讲求社会效益 value contribution to society; pay attention to social effect
加速国民经济信息化 develop information-based economy accelerate IT application in economy 拉动经济增长 fuel economic growth
利改税 substitution of tax payment for profit delivery 费改税 transform administrative fees into taxes 债转股 debt-to-equity swap
头寸宽裕（头寸紧缺） in an easy position (tight position) 朝阳产业 sunrise industry
招标投标制 the system of public bidding for project
充分发挥货币政策的作用 give full play to the role of monetary policy 实施积极的财政政策 follow a pro-active fiscal policy
向银行增发国债，扩大投资 The government issued additional treasury bonds to banks to increase investment. 再注资 recapitalization
放松银根 to ease monetary policy 信息经济 IT economy
外向型经济 export-oriented economy
信息时代 information age
全球化 globalization （全球性globality） 信誉风险 reputational risk 风险评级 risk rating
到期不还贷 default on a loan
资不抵债 insolvency; be insolvent
亚洲金融危机 Asian financial crisis (1997-98) 投资（贷款）组合 investment (loan) portfolio 外汇储备充足 sufficient foreign exchange reserves
中国金融业问题 problems with financial sector in China
储蓄比例过高 the excessively large proportion of savings in the money supply 国有企业产负债率过高 high leverage ratio of the state-owned enterprises,
国有独资商业银行不良资产比例过高 high ratio of non-performing loans of the state commercial banks
少数中小存款金融机构不能支付到期债务 insolvency of a handful of small and medium-sized financial institutions
不良贷款 non-performing loans
防范和化解金融风险 address financial risks
提高企业借贷和行使民事责任的能力 improve enterprises’ creditworthiness and ability to fulfil their civil liabilities
监事会 supervisory board
实行谨慎会计制度 adopt prudential accounting standards
五级分类法划分贷款质量 the five-category asset classification approach 金融资产管理公司 financial asset management companies
分离和收回不良资产 substantially reduce the ratio of non-performing assets 分业管理、规模经营 business segregation, economy of scale
规范金融机构市场退出制度 improve the market exit mechanism for financial institutions 政策性银行 state policy-related bank 国家发展银行 State Development Bank 知识经济 knowledge-based economy
网络经济 Internet-based networked economy 指导性计划 guidance plan
社会主义市场经济（中国） socialist market economy 社会市场经济（德国） social market economy 新经济（美国） new economy
中国光大银行 Everbright Bank of China
中国民声银行 China Minsheng Banking Corporation Ltd. 中信实业银行 CITIC Industrial Bank 中国进出口银行 China EXIM Bank
汇丰银行 Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HKSBC) 金融监管 financial supervision
中国人民银行法 Law of the People’s Bank of China 商业银行法 Law of Commercial Banks 保险法 Law of Insurance
证券法 Law of Securities
巴塞尔原则 Basel Core Principles
监管对象的行为有问题、管理机制不健全 problems of supervised entities’ behavior and the unsound internal governance mechanism 风险意识 consciousness of risk prevention
事前监管 proactive regulation and supervision
account number 帐目编号
ADR(American Depository Receipt)美国存托凭证/存股证 Advance-Decline Theory 涨跌理论 adverse balance 逆差
advising bank, notifying bank 通知银行 an application form 申请单 Arbitrage 套利 Arbitrageur 套利者 As Agent 做代理
Ask-Bid System 竞价系统
associate banker of collection 代收银行 At-the-Close Order 收盘指令 At-the-Market 按市价
At-the-Opening(Opening Only)Order 开盘指令 Back Up 逆向变化 bad debts 坏帐
Bandar's note 庄票，银票 banding machine 自动存取机
bank of communications 交通银行
bank of issue, bank of circulation 发行币银行 bank statement 对帐单 banker 银行家
banking hours, business hours 营业时间 Banque de I'Indo Chine 东方汇理银行 Bar Chart 条线图
Base Market value 基准市场价值 Bear Market 熊市
Bear Raiders 大量抛空者 bearer check 不记名支票 Bearish 行情看跌
Bid-and-Asked Quotation(or Quote) 买方报价和卖方报价（报价） blank check 空白支票 Blowout 畅销 blue chips 蓝筹股
Blue-Chip Stocks 蓝筹股 bond, debenture, debts 债券 bonus share 红股
bookkeeper 簿记员 bookkeeping 簿记 branch bank 银行分行 Breakout 突破
broker/dealer 券商，经纪人 Bull Market 牛市 Bullish 行情看涨
business accounting 商业会计 Buying Power 购买力 canceled check 已付支票 Cancellation 取消
capital market 资本市场 Capitalization 资本 cash account 现金帐 cash book 现金出纳帐 cash check 现金支票 cash 兑现
central bank, national bank, banker's bank 中央银行 Certificate 证券证书 certificate of deposit 存单
Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China 麦加利银行 chartered bank 特许银行 Chase Bank 大通银行 check book 支票本
check for transfer 转帐支票 check stub, counterfoil 票根 check 支票
clearing and settlement 清算/结算 clearing bank 清算银行 clearing house 票据交换所
Climax(Buying/Selling) 放量（买/卖） Close 收盘价
closed-end securities investment fund 封闭式证券投资基金 Closing Transaction 平仓交易
commercial bank 商业银行，储蓄信贷银行
commercial credit company(discount company) 商业信贷公司（贴现公司） commission 佣金
commodity/financial derivatives 商品/金融衍生产品 component index 成份指数 composite index 综合指数
computerized accounting 电脑化会计 confirming bank 保兑银行 Congestion Area 震荡区
consigned banker of collection 委托银行
construction bank 建设银行
controlling shareholder 控股股东 convertible bond 可转换债券 Cornering the Market操纵市场 corporate bond 企业债券 Corporation 股份公司
corresponding bank 往来银行 cost accounting 成本会计 counter sign 双签
credit trading 信用交易 credit bureau 商业兴信所 credit card 信用卡
credit cooperatives 信用社
credit department 银行的信用部 credit union 合作银行
cross rate, arbitrage rate 套汇汇率 crossed check 横线支票 Cum Rights 含权
Cyclical Stock 周期性股票 Date of Record 登记日 Day Order 当日委托指令 Day Trading 日交易 Dealer 交易商 debenture 债券 debt chain 债务链 deflation 通货收缩
deposit book, passbook 存折 deposit form 存款单 deposit receipt 存款收据 deposit 存款 depositor 存户
depreciation accounting 折旧会计 Descending Tops 下降顶点趋势 devaluation 货币贬值 Dip 回调谷
direct exchange 直接（对角）套汇 discount bank 贴现银行
discount rate, bank rate 贴现率 discount 贴现
dishonor a check 拒付 Distribution Area 整理区 Diversification 分散投资 dividend 红利/股息
domestic bank 国内银行
Don't Fight the Tape 顺行情交易 Double Bottom 双底 Double Top 双顶 Dumping 抛售
economic boom 经济繁荣 economic crisis 经济危机 economic cycle 经济周期
economic depression 经济萧条 economic recession 经济衰退 economic recovery 经济复苏 Effective Date 生效日期 endorse 背书 endorser 背书人
equitable tax system 等价税则 exchange bank 汇兑银行
Ex-Distribution(X Dis) 无分配额
Ex-Dividend(XD)(Without Dividend) Date 除息日 Expiration Date 到期日 Ex-Right(XRT) 除权 Face value 面值
favorable balance 顺差
financial trust 金融信托公司 financing 融资
Floor Order Tickets 场内委托单 Floor 交易大厅
foreign currency (exchange) reserve 外汇储备 foreign exchange crisis 外汇危机
foreign exchange fluctuation 外汇波动 forged check 伪支票
Free-Riding 自由放纵投机行为 Frozen Account 冻结账户
fund custodian bank 基金托管银行 fund manager 基金经理/管理公司 Fundamental Analysis 基本面分析 Futures 期货 Gap 跳空
GDR(Global Depository Receipt) 全球存托凭证/存股证 general ledger 总帐
gilt-edged bond 金边债券 gold reserve 黄金储备 hard currency 硬通货
Head and Shoulders 头肩形 hedge fund 对冲基金 Highballing 高价交易
highly-leveraged institutions(HLI) 高杠杆交易机构 Holder of Record 登记持股人 Holding the Market 托盘
home loan bank 家宅贷款银行
Hong Kong Shanghai Banking Corporation 汇丰银行 honor a check 兑付
Horizontal Price Movement 横盘 Hot Issue 抢手证券 idle capital 游资
import and export bank (EXIMBANK) 进出口银行 In the Tank 跳水
Inactive Market 不活跃市场 Index 指数
indirect exchange 间接（三角）套汇 industrial and commercial bank 工商银行 industrial bank 实业银行 inflation 通货膨胀
information disclosure 信息披露 insider trading/dealing 内幕交易 Insider 内幕人
Institution 机构投资者
institutional investor 机构投资者 intermediary 中介机构
international balance of payment 国际收支 international monetary system 国际货币制度 investment bank 投资银行
IPO(Initial Public Offering)新股初始公开发行 Issued-and-Outstanding Stocks 已发行流通股 issuer 发行人
issuing bank, opening bank 开证银行 Joint Account 联合账户 joint venture bank 合资银行
journal, day-book 日记帐，流水帐 junk bond 立即债券 land bank 土地银行
Last Trading Day 最后交易日 letter of credit 信用证 Liquidation 清仓 liquidity 流通性
Listed Stock 上市股票 local bank 本地银行
Long Market value 所持证券市场价值 Long Position 多头头寸 Manipulation 操纵
margins, collateral 保证金 market capitalization 市值 market manipulation 市场操纵 Market Price 市场价格 Market value 市场价值 Marketability 流动性 mark-to-market 逐日盯市 Matched Orders 对敲指令
member bank, credit bank 储蓄信贷银行 merchant bank, accepting bank 承兑银行 merger and acquisition收购兼并 Merger 合并
monetary market 货币市场
money (financial) market 金融市场 money in circulation 货币流通量 money shop, native bank 钱庄
mortgage bank, building society 抵押银行 mutual savings bank 互助储蓄银行 national budget 国家预算
National City Bank of New York 花旗银行 national gross product 国民生产总值 Negotiability 流通性
negotiable share 可流通股份 negotiation bank 议付银行
neighborhood savings bank, bank of deposit 街道储蓄所 New Issue 新发行 note issue 纸币发行量 Offer 要价
Offering (Asked) Price 卖方要价 Offering Date 发行日 Off-Floor Order 场外委托 On the Tape 行情显示 On-Floor Order 场内委托 open/close a position 建/平仓
open-end securities investment fund 开放式证券投资基金 Opening Only Order 开盘委托指令 Opening Transaction 建仓交易 Opening 开盘价
order check 记名支票
outstanding check 未付支票 overdraft, overdraw 透支 overseas bank 国外银行 Oversold 超卖
Overvalued 估值过高
P(rice)/E(arnings) Ratio 市盈率 p/e (price/earning) ratio 市盈率 Paper Loss/Profit 账面损益 pay-in slip 存款单 paying bank 付款银行
payment versus delivery 银券交付 Pennant 尖旗形 Picture 行情 Place 发售
Portfolio 证券组合 Position 头寸
post office savings bank 邮局储蓄银行 premium 溢价 president 行长
Price Range 价格范围
Primary Distribution(Offering) 初次发售 primary market 一级市场 Primary Movement 大趋势 Principal value 本金值 principal 本金
Principals(Stockholders) 股东 private deposits 私人存款 Profit Taking 活力回吐 proprietary trading 自营 prospectus招股说明书
Public Offering(Distribution) 公开发售 public accounting 公共会计 public bond 公债
Purchasing(Buying) Power 购买力 put / call option 看跌/看涨期权 raised capital/proceeds 筹资 Rally 反弹
rating agency 评级机构 Reading the Tape 看盘 Record Date 登记日 red chips红筹股
Reorganization 资产重组
requesting bank 委托开证银行 reserve bank 准备银行 Resistance level 阻挡线 Resistance 阻挡区
retail / private investor 个人投资者/散户 revaluation 货币增值 Reversal 反转
Rigged Market 受操纵的市场 rights issue/offering 配股 Rising Bottom 上升谷底趋势 road show 路演
Rounding Bottom(Saucer) 圆底 Rounding Top 圆顶 rubber check 空头支票 savings bank 储蓄银行 Screen(Stocks) 选股
Secondary Distribution(Offering) 二次发售 secondary listing 第二上市 secondary market 二级市场 Secondary Market 二级市场 Securities Analysis 证券分析 securities loan 融券 securities 证券
Seek a Market 寻求入市机会
self-regulatory organization(SRO)自律组织 self-service bank 无人银行 Selling Off(Sell-Off) 止损抛售 share capital 股本 Share 股份
share, equity, stock 股票、股权 Short Position 空头头寸 Soft Market 疲软市场 soft currency 软通货
specimen signature 签字式样 Speculation 投机 Split Down 并股 Spread 价差 Stag 攫利者 Stagflation 滞胀 Stagnation 萧条
stock exchange 股票交易所 stock, share 股票
Stockholder(Shareholder) 持股人 Stocks 股票
strong room, vault 保险库 subscribe 申购
Subscription Ratio 认购比率 subsidiary ledger 分户帐
Substitution(Swap) 替代（互换） Support Level 支撑线 Support 支撑区
surplus 结余
suspend payment 止付 Sweetener 甜头 Takeover 接管
Technical Analysis 技术分析 Technical Sign 技术讯号
the purchasing power of money 货币购买力 Ticker Tape 行情显示系统 Tight Market 旺市 Tip 提供消息 Total Cost 总成本
Total Volume 总成交量 Trade Date 交易日 Trader 交易商
Trading Authorization 交易授权 Trading Floor 交易大厅 traveler's check 旅行支票
treasury /government bond 国库券/政府债券 treasury bill 国库券 Trend 趋势
Trendline 趋势线 Triangle 三角形
trust company 信托公司
trust institution 银行的信托部
trustee savings bank 信托储蓄银行 turnover rate 换手率 Undervalued 估价过低 underwriter承销商
unincorporated bank 钱庄 Un-issued Stock 未发行股票 unit trust 信托投资公司 Uptrend 上升趋势 Volume 交易量 W Formation W底 warrant 认股权证 Weak Market 弱市 Wedge 楔形
Without Dividend 除息
