中考英语重点单词和短语用法大总结(88条)
◆1 。 cost / take / spend / pay 花费
花费时间做某事 ： It takes sb some time to do sth 。 = sb spend some time （in）doing sth 。= sb spend some time on sth 。
某人花钱买某物 ： sb spend some money on sth 。 = sb pay some money for sth 。 = sth cost sb 。 some money 。
※ spend 和 pay 主语都是人， cost 主语是物。
※ spent 还可以指“度过”→ How did you spend your weekend ？
The sweater ________ me 90 yuan 。 = I _______ 90 yuan for the sweater 。=I _____ 90 yuan on the sweater 。
He spent lots of money ________ the mobile phone 。
It ________ her 20 minutes to go home every day 。 = He ________ 20 minutes ________ home every day 。
◆2 。 thanks for为…而感谢
⑴ ______ inviting me to your birthday party 。
thanks to 多亏/由于
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⑵______ your help 。I got good grades 。
◆3 。 感叹句 ：多么… what + 名词
how + 形容词 / 副词
⑴。 ______ bad weather ！ ⑵。 ______ hard he works ！
⑶。 ______ fresh vegetables ！ ⑷。 ______ cute a monkey it is ！
◆4 。 因为、由于 ： because（ 连词 ） +从句： （ 表示原因 ）
because of（介词短语） + 名词（短语 ）= thanks to
⑴ I didn’t go to school ______ I had a headache 。
He was late for class ______ the bad weather 。
He can’t come _____ he is ill 。
Many people have a cold _____ the cold weather 。
※because和 so不能同时连用 。
◆5 。 来自 ： be from = come from
⑴ Where are you from ？ = Where ______ you ______ ______ ？
⑵ He is from Tibet 。 = He ______ ______ Tibet 。
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◆6 。 How often 对频率提问 （ 多久一次） →回答用表示频率的副词或短语
How long 对一段时间提问 （多久 ） →回答用表示一段时间的状语
How soon 对将来时间提问 （ 多久 ） →回答用 in+时间段
How far 询问多长距离（多长）
⑴- ______ have you been collecting the kites ？ -For ten years 。
⑵- ______ do you go shopping ？ -Sometimes。
⑶ - ______ will your father come back ？ - In two years 。
⑷- _____ do you exercise ？ - Once a week 。
⑸- _____ is it from your home to school ？ - About ten miles 。
⑹- _____ are you staying there ？ - Two weeks 。
◆7 。 乘交通工具 ： take a / the +交通工具 在句中作谓语
by+交通工具=on a 交通工具在句中作方式状语
交通工具有：train/bus/car/taxi/boat/subway/plane…
⑴ He takes a bus to bank 。= He goes to bank by bus 。 = He goes to bank on a bus 。
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⑵ I walk to school 。 = I go to school ______ 。
※ 骑自行车、马或驴用ride ： ride one’s bike / ride a horse / ride a donkey in one’s car
◆8 。 对不起 ： Excuse me （劳驾，客套话 ）
Sorry （ 表示道歉 ）
⑴ ______ 。Where is Tianfu Square in Chengdu ？
⑵–Would you mind cleaning your room ？ - ______ 。 I’ll do it right away 。
⑶- Don’t eat in class 。 - _____ 。 Ms Clark 。
⑷ _____ ， is this the way to the station ？
◆9 。 声音 ： sound （ 自然界各种声音 ）
noise（噪音）
voice（悦耳的声音：嗓子）
⑴Lucy has a sweet ______ 。 ⑵That ______ like a good idea 。
⑶Don’t make ______ 。 The baby is sleeping 。
◆10 。 look like （外貌看起来像… ）
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be like （ 性格像… ）
⑴ Lily _____ _____ Lucy 。 Oh ， they are twins 。
⑵ Tony ______ ______ a monkey because he is cute and playful 。
◆11 。 take… to … 带去
bring…to …带来
fetch 没有方向性（强调来回）
⑴ Tony 。 ______ the ball here 。Please 。
⑵ My father often ______ me ______ concerts on Sundays 。
⑶ ______ your homework _____ school tomorrow 。
◆12。 一些 ： some 用于肯定句
any 用于否定句和疑问句
⑴ I’d like ______ milk 。
⑵ –Would you like ______ yogurt ？
_ Thanks 。 I don’t want ______ 。
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※ 在一般疑问句中，认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到对方肯定回答时，也用some 。
◆13。 多少 ： How many修饰可数名词复数
How much 修饰不可数名词
⑴ ______ juice do you want ？ ⑵ ______ apples do you want ？
⑶- ______is the T-shirt ？ –It’s 30 yuan 。
※ How much可对价钱提问：How much are the potatoes ？
◆14。 看 ：see 强调看的结果
look （ at ） 不及物动词，强调看的动作
watch 观看：比赛、电视、表演、电影
read 读，朗读：看书、看报、看信、看杂志
⑴Don’t______ in bed 。
⑵ We will ______ a basketball game this evening 。
⑶ Please ______ the blackboard 。 Everyone 。
⑷ I ______ a bird in the tree yesterday 。
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※On Saturday night 。 I saw an interesting talk show 。
On Saturday evening 。 several kids watched a movie 。 watch a movie =go to a movie
◆15。 stop doing sth 停止做某事 → Please stop talking 。
stop to do sth 停下来去做别的事
⑴ The girl soon stopped ______ （cry ） 。 ⑵ He was tired and stopped ______ （have ） a rest 。
◆16。 forget / remember后接不定式表示未发生的动作：
△forget / remember to do sth（忘记/记得去做某事）→ He forgot to turn off the light 。（没有做关灯的动作） Remember to go to the post office after school 。
forget / remember 后接ving表示已发生的动作：
△forget / remember doing sth（忘记/记得做过某事）→ He forgot turningoff the light 。（已做过关灯的动作） Don’t you remember seeing the man before ？
◆17。 到达… reach + 地点
get to + 地点 reach = get to
arrive + in + 大地点
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arrive + at + 小地点
⑴ He reached London yesterday 。 = He ______ to London yesterday 。 = He ______ in London yesterday 。
⑵ She arrived ______ the bus station just now 。 ⑶ You should ______ （ get ） home on time 。
※ 当get to和 arrive at /in后接地点副词时，都不加介词。如：get home get there 省略 to
◆18。 擅长，在…方面做得好 ： be good at = do well in 。
⑴ She is good at chemistry 。 = She ______ ______ ______ chemistry 。
⑵ Niuniu is good at ______ the violin 。 = Niuniu ______ well in ______ the violin 。
⑶ Lucy and Lily are twin girls 。Lucy is better ______ dancing than Lily 。but Lily _____ ______ in singing than Lucy 。
◆19。 win （ 赢得 ）接a game、 war 、a match、 a prize
beat（ 打败、战胜 ）接运动员、球队、对手等。
⑴ Which team ______ the football match ？
⑵ Wang Hao ______ Ma Lin and ______ the champion of the Men’s Singles 。
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◆20。 借 borrow sth 。 from sb = borrow sb 。 sth 向某人借某物→ borrow借入
lend sth 。 to sb = lend sb 。 sth把某物借给某人 → lend 借出
keep延续性动词 ，与一段时间连用。
⑴ Can you lend me your bike ？ = Can you ______ your bike ______ me ？
⑵ You can borrow some money ____ your brother 。 = You can borrow yourbrother ____ ____。
⑶ - How long can I ______ the book ？
- You can _____ it for two weeks 。
※ 类似用法的还有：buy — have put on — wear become — be
leave — be away from open — be open begin — be on
die — be dead return — be back
① become He has ______ a doctor 。
He has ______ a doctor for 10 years 。
② begin The film has ______ 。
The film has _________ for ten minutes 。
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◆21。 能，会。be able to
can
※ 情态动词后面都接动词原形。
⑴ We should ______ able to finish the work tomorrow 。
⑵ I can ______ （play） the guitar 。⑶ He ______ able to play chess 。
◆22。 too many 太多 — 修饰可数名词复数→ I have too many rules in my house 。
too much 太多 — 修饰不可数名词→ Maybe you have too much yin 。
much too太— 后跟形容词或副词原级→ This coat is much too expensive 。
⑴ Eating _____ ______ is bad for your health 。
⑵ It’s ______ ______cold today 。 You’d better not go out 。
⑶There are______ ______ students in the hallways 。 It’s dangerous 。
◆23。 have / has been to 去过某地 →He has been to Beijing 。 （现在不在北京）
have / has gone to 去了某地 →He has gone to Beijing 。 （现在可能在北京，或在去北京的途中）
have/hasbeen in / at在某地
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⑴I have ever _______ ______ America twice 。
⑵ He has ______ ______ Beijing for ten years 。
⑶– Where is your brother ？
- He______ ______ to Hainan 。
⑷ _____ you ever ______ ______ Disneyland ？
◆24。 used to do sth 。过去常做某事→ This river used to be very clean 。
be（get）used to doing sth 。习惯于做某事 → I’m not used to getting up early 。
be used to do sth = be used for doing sth 。 被用于做某事→ Pens are used for writing 。
⑴ XiaoGang ______ ______ ______ afraid of the dark 。
⑵ Thebroom is ______ ______ clean the room 。 = The broom is ______ ______ cleaning the room 。
⑶ He ______ ______ ______ living countryside 。There is fresh air and sweet well 。
⑷ Wood _____ _____ _____ making paper 。
◆25。 belong to + 名词 / 人称代词宾格 （属于）
be + 名词所有格 / 名词性物主代词 （是）
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⑴It must ______ Ning’s 。= It must _________ Ning 。
⑵ The pencil must be ______ （my） 。 = The pencil must belong to ______ （my） 。
⑶ This ball ______ to me 。= This ball is ______ 。
◆26。 can’t 不可能 0
表示推测、判断 could/might 也许、可能 50﹪— 80﹪
must 肯定、一定 100﹪
⑴ The CD _____ belong to Tony 。 because he likes listening to music 。
⑵ The notebook ______ be mine 。It has my name on it 。
⑶ The toy ______ be my grandpa 。 After all 。He is an old man 。
◆27。 be made from （由…制成）看不出原材料
be made of （由…制成）看得出原材料
⑴ The table ______ ______ ______ wood 。
⑵ Paper ______ ______ ______ wood 。
◆28。 prefer to do sth 宁愿做某事
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prefer sth 。 to sth 。 喜欢…而不喜欢…
prefer doing sth 。 to doing sth 。 喜欢做…而不喜欢做…
⑴ I prefer ______ （swim） to ______ （play） balls 。 ⑵ He _______ fish to beef 。
⑶ I prefer to ______ （walk） to work 。
◆29。 一些表示人的情感或情绪的形容词 ： —ed 修饰人
—ing 修饰物
⑴ I want to go somewhere ______ （relaxing/relaxed） 。
⑵ She is ______ in this ______ history story 。 （interesting/interested ）
※ interesting（有趣的） — interested（感兴趣的） tiring（累人的）— tired（累的，疲倦的）
boring （令人无聊的）— bored（无聊的）exciting（令人兴奋的）— excited（激动的）
surprising（令人惊讶的） — surprised（惊讶的）
relaxing（令人放松的） — relaxed（放松的）
embarrassing （令人尴尬的；令人为难的） — embarrassed （尴尬的；为难的）
◆30。 the number of + 名词复数（…的数量）作主语， 谓语用单数。
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a number of + 名词复数 （许多、一些）= many
⑴ The number of students in our class______ 80 。
⑵ ______ number of students are in Helin Middle School 。
◆31。 for + 一段时间
since + 时间点/过去时的句子
⑴ We have been studying English ______ three years 。
⑵ He has been staying here ______ he was five years old 。 。
⑶ We haven’t seen each other ______ ten years ago 。
※ for和 since 可以相互转换。如：Jenny has been collecting coins for several years 。= Jenny has been collecting coins since several years ______ 。
◆32。 除…之外 except （不包括在内）→ Everyone could answer this question except Jim 。
besides （包括在内）→There are three girls besides me 。
⑴ We all passed the exam ______ Li Yang 。
⑵ Many other students like basketball ______ Guo Xiaojun 。
◆33。 already 用于肯定句中（已经）
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yet 用于疑问句末（已经）
用于否定句末（还）
⑴ Have you seen the film ______ ？ ⑵ I haven’t locked the door ______ 。
⑶ Mom has _______ watered the flowers 。
◆34。 否定祈使句 Don’t + v。
No + v.ing / n。
⑴ Don’t smoke here 。 = ______ ______ here 。 ⑵ Don’t take photos。 = ______ ______ 。
◆35。 也 too 放肯定句末和疑问句末→Do you play soccer every day ， too ？
either 放否定句末
also 放肯定句中
※ also放在实意动词前，be之后。
⑴ She is a girl 。 I am a girl 。______ 。 ⑵ He ______ likes collecting things 。
⑶ Lily doesn’t like junk food 。 Her good friend doesn’t like it 。 _______ 。
⑷ - I like soap operas 。 –I do ， _____ 。
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⑸ - I can’t watch TV on school nights 。 –I can’t ， _____ 。
◆36。 be strict with sb。 对某人要求严格
be strict in sth 。 对某事要求严格
Miss Zhang _____ _____ _____ her work and she _____ _____ _____ her students 。
◆37。 需要做某事 need to do sth 主语是人
need doing sth 主语是物
⑴ The classroom _____ cleaning 。 It’s too dirty 。 ⑵ Children _____ to sleep a lot 。
⑶ It’s very hot and dry 。 You need ______（wear）cool clothes and the flowers need ______ （water） 。
◆38。 through →介词： 从内部穿过 （park）
across →介词：从表面穿过
cross →动词（road。 street。 bridge）
⑴ Be careful when you ______ the street 。 ⑵ The manwent______ the forest 。
⑶ The train goes ______ the tunnel（隧道）。 ⑷He swam _____ the river 。
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⑸ We drove _____ the desert （沙漠） 。 ⑹Take a walk _____ the park on Center Avenue 。
◆39。 Why don’t you do sth = Why not do sth 。
提建议的方式 How /what about doing sth 。
Let’s do sth 。
⑴ Why don’t you have a cup of tea ？ = _____ _____ have a cup of tea ？
⑵ Let’s _____ （go） out for a walk 。 ⑶ How about _____ （practice） conversations ？
◆40。 So + 助/系/情态 + 主语 表示肯定意义（…也是如此）
Neither + 助/系/情态 + 主语 表示否定意义（…也不）
※ 它们都属于倒装句。
⑴ My mother didn’t go to school 。______ ______ my father 。
⑵ James comes from theUSA 。______ ______ Tom 。
⑶ My pen pal can speak Japanese 。 ______ ______ I 。 = Me ______ 。
⑷ My sister isn’t outgoing 。 ______ ______ I 。= Me ______ 。
◆41。 both 两者都
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all三者或三者以上都
⑴ The twins _____ are good students 。
⑵ There are lots of colorful flowers on _____ sides of the streets 。
⑶ There are five people in my family 。 We ______ like playing sports 。 My parents ______ love us 。 We are very happy 。
◆42。 alone 单独，独自一人 →He is alone at home 。
lonely 孤独的，寂寞的。有一定的感情色彩 →He lives a lonely life in the country 。
⑴ Sometimes he feels quite _____ because he has no friends 。
⑵ She lives _____ in that large house 。
◆43 in the tree 外来的→I saw a cat in the tree 。
on the tree 长在树上的→There are many apples on the tree 。
⑴ How many monkeys can you see _____ the tree ？
⑵ There are a lot of bananas_____ the tree 。
◆44。 in the wall 指在墙体内
on the wall 指在墙体表面
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⑴ There is a map _____ the wall 。
⑵ There is a door _____ the wall 。
◆45。 on the bed 指物品在床上→My bag is on the bed 。
in bed 指人躺在床上→Lily is ill in bed 。
⑴ There is a jacket ___________ 。
⑵ I have to be ________ by ten o’clock 。
◆46。 引导结果状语从句：so和such（如此…以至于…）
so是副词，后接adj和adv 。句型：
△so+adj/adv+that从句→He worked so hard that he got the first prize 。
△so+adj+a（n）+n。+that从句 = such+a（n）+adj+n。+that从句→That was so interesting a story that I read it twice 。= That was such an interesting story that I read it twice 。
such是形容词，后接n。句型：
△such+a（n）+adj+n。+that从句→He is such a hard-working student that all the teachers love him 。
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△such+pl。/不可数n+that从句→It is such good weather that we can go swimming 。
⑴ He runs ____fast ____ we can’catch him 。 ⑵ Lili is ____a kind girl ____we all love her 。
⑵ Tom is ____ a clever boy that he can answer the question 。= Tom is ____ clever a boy that he can answer the question 。
⑶ The box is _____ heavy _____ I can’t carry it 。
※ 在名词前有many / much / few / little这些词修饰时，要用so…that 。so…that句型的否定形式可用简单句too…to或not…enough to代替。如：
He is so young that he can’t go to school 。
= He is too young to go to school 。
= He is not old enough to go to school 。
◆47。 引导时间状语从句 ：
when + 延续性/短暂性动词→When I was watching TV ， he came in 。 = When he came in ， I was watching TV 。
while+延续性动词（多用进行时）→While I was in Shanghai ，I visited him 。
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◆72。 till = until （直到） “延续性动词（肯定式）+ until”译为“直到…为止”
“瞬间性动词/延续性动词的否定式not + until”译为“直到…才”
⑴ He waited until ten o’clock 。翻译：____________________
⑵ He didn’t go to bed until he had finished his work 。 翻译：____________________
◆73。 疑问句+ ever = no matter + 疑问句 →引导让步状语从句：whatever = no matter what （无论什么） whenever = no matter when （无论何时） whoever = no matter who （无论谁）
wherever = no matter where （无论在哪里） however = no matter how（无论如何）
◆74。 数词 - 名词 - （形容词） 复合形容词作定语
数词 + 名词复数
⑴ He is a two-year-old boy 。 = The boy is two _____ old 。
⑵ Look ！ This is a ______ buildings 。A 70-floors B 70-floor C 70 floors
⑶ We have ______ （两天） holiday 。
⑷ Twelve-year-olds should be allowed to choose their own clothes 。
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※ Twelve-year-olds 表示一类人。（12岁的人）
◆75。 agree with sb 。同意某人的意见→ I don’t agree with you 。
agree to sth 。同意某人的建议/办法/计划等 → He agreed to my plan 。
◆76。 believe 表示相信某人的话→ I believe you 。= I believe that you say 。
believe in表示信任，相信···的存在 → I believe ib that man 。 / Believe in God 。相信上帝的存在。
◆77。 run out不及物动词短语，指物用完，用光 → My money has run out 。
run out of及物动词短语，指人用完，用光了物→ I have run out of my money 。
◆78。 maybe = perhaps或许/可能。副词，在句中作状语→ Maybe he will come here tomorrow 。
may be 或许/可能，may是情态动词，在句中作谓语→ He may be from the USA ，too 。
※ maybe 和may be 可以互换：Maybe you are right 。 =You may be right 。
◆79。 fist = first of all 第一，首先。强调事情发展的顺序 → First I had to decide what to wear 。
at first = at the beginning 起初，起先。表示一件事情的开始阶段→ I didn’t like this job at first 。
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◆80。 表示时间的介词
in表示一段时间或较长时间 → in the morning / afternoon / eveningin May ，2010
on指在星期/具体某一天或特指某一天的上/下/晚上 → on Monday /on Children’sday /on Monday afternoon / on school nights
at表示点时间或较短的时间 → at 8：00 / at noon / at night
◆81。 must （必须）表示说话人的主观意图和需求→ I have something to do ， I must go now 。
have to（不得不，必须）表示客观需要→It’s your turn to clean the classroom 。 You have to do it 。
※ must引导的一般疑问句的否定回答必须用needn’t 或don’t have to （不必） 。
如：- Must I finish the housework today ？
- No ， you needn’t 。 / you don’t have to 。
◆82。 at the end （后常接of）表示在某时，活动或事件等终止/结束时→She went to Japan at the end of last month 。上月底他去了日本。
in the end（后不能接of）最后，最终→ In the end we finished this job 。
◆83。 join 表示加入某个组织、机构、团体等 → He joined the League last year 。
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take part in 表示参加某项活动、比赛、游戏等 → She took part in the English Speech Contest yesterday 。
◆84。 watch sb 。 do sth（看···做某事） → He sat down and watched Wangwang play with a lovely black cat 。
watch sb 。 doing sth （看···正在做某事） 强调动作正在进行→ I watched her dancing just now 。
※ 类似用法的还有这些感官动词：see / look at / hear / listen to / feel等。
◆85。 该…的时候了 ：It’s time to do sth 。 和 It’s time for （doing ） sth 。可以互换 。
⑴ It is time for school 。= It’s time to ______ ______ school 。
⑵ It’s time to study English 。= It’s time ______ ______ English 。
※ It’s time for sb to do sth 。如：It’s dark 。 It’s time for you to go home 。
◆86。 hope+宾语从句，用陈述语序 → I hope that I can help you 。
wish+宾语从句，用虚拟语气 → I wish that I could help you 。
※wish后跟双宾语（Wish you success ！）和复合宾语，wish sb 。 to do sth→/ I wish you to go there with me 。 hope to 。 do sth 。 → I hope to go to Beijing this summer 。
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◆87。 no + n。（ no是形容词） He has no dog and no family 。
not （not是副词），与be动词/助动词/情态动词连用： isn’t / didn’t / can’t 。 → There isn’t water or air 。
※no和not 可以互换：She has no pens 。 = She doesn’t have pens 。
◆88。 sth be familiar to sb： 某事或某物为某人所熟悉；某物对某人是熟悉的
sb be familiar with sth： 某人熟悉某物
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