1 Day7 经得起推敲的结构
10秒钟确定文章结构
课堂上我要求班里的学生能在10秒钟内确定一篇文章结构，很多学生刚开始都不相信。但是经过练习之后，每个人都达到了。现在我们就来学习快速确定文章结构。 既然我们已经证明了全文用四段折中式写作是考场实战时的最佳优选方案，那么每一段话的结构具体怎么安排呢？
首先我们需要对雅思议论文的出题方式进行分类。 雅思议论文按照出题类型可以分成两类：
Report Argumentation
Report 是题目当中不出现任何观点，只是给一种现象，让你分析这种现象的causes 原因、solutions解决方案、effects影响等，题目当中经常会出现What are…?这两个词。 Argumentation是题目让考生辩论观点或者比较利弊。
从过去5年的统计来看，每年Report提醒只占全年所有考题的10~15%，所以还是应该重点掌握Argumentation，对于Report如果考前确实有时间，了解一下就好了。 现在就请快速判断下面10道题的类型：
①We have developed into a “throw-away society” and are filling up our environment with plastic bags and rubbish that we cannot fully dispose of. What are the causes of this phenomenon and recommend some measures to reduce this problem.
②Television is one of the most important technological developments in the 20th century. It has changed people’s lives. Have all the changes been positive?
③Some people think stricter punishment for driving offenders is the only effective way to improve safety on the road. To what extend do you agree or disagree?
④Some people think women should be allowed to join the army, the navy and the air force just like men. Do you agree or disagree?
⑤We can get news from the media. But many people do not trust the journalists who report news. What are the most important qualities a journalist should have?
⑥Many people work at home using modern technology today. Some people think only the workers benefit from this, not the employers. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
2 Day7 经得起推敲的结构
⑦Some people think the advantages of the spread of English all over the world outweigh its disadvantages. To what extend do you agree or disagree?
⑧Some people believe that the use of animals for experimentation purposes is cruel. Others believe that it is necessary for the development of science. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
⑨People today can perform the everyday tasks such as shopping, banking or even business transactions, without meeting others face-to-face. What effects will this phenomenon have on individuals and society as a whole?
⑩How can traffic jams in big cities be solved? To develop public transport or to develop private cars?
（正确答案：1、5、9题为Report,其他的都是 Argumentation）
在备考过程中，大家可以重点准备Argumentation这种题型。过去5年真题里只占10%的Report,如果复习时间紧，那么只要了解就可以了。
Argumentation的四段式结构可总结成如下形式（五段式的文章难度大一些,在Day 8 （中）和附录（A）中会有专门针对五段式的讲解和实例）：
I II III IV
2~4句 1+6句 1+4句 3句
Argumentation 的详细结构表 本段写背景和话题 第一句：介绍社会背景，这句话如果觉得累赘也完全可以不写。其实写一个简洁的开头段是挺好的选择，因为这样进一步突出了主体段的论证部分。不要相信“考官打分只看开头和结尾，不看主体”这样不负责任的”忽悠”，我问过环球雅思的很多前任和现任考官，大家一致认为虽然开头、结1开头段 尾也重要，但是主体段的论证绝对是最重要的判分依据。 第二句：交待你这篇文章要辩论的是哪一个话题，这句话必不可少。 第三句：用你自己的话转述一下原题的观点，这句话有时也可以省略、 第四局：陈述自己的态度（在Day 8 我们会见到更多的实例）。这一句甚至也可以选择省略，比如本书Day 8 (下)中有的考官范文就是开头只写背3 Day7 经得起推敲的结构
景。 全文第二段写自己倾向的一方观点 第一句：概括本段的观点。 II第二段陈述倾向的那一方观点，写1+6句 第二句：这种观点的第一个分论点。 第三句：写一句话来解释、支持第一个分论点。 第四句：这种观点的第二个分论点。 第五句：写一句话来解释，支持第二个分论点。 相应地写出第六句第三个分论点和第七句第三个分论点的支持句。 本文第三段写让不段，就是自己不太倾向一方的观点 第一句：概括本段的观点。 III第二段写一个让步段，写1+4句 第二句：支持这种观点的理由（分论点）。 第三句：写一句话来解释、支持这种分论点。 第四句：写一句话提出这种你不太倾向的观点存在什么不妥的地方（注意最好是反驳本段第二句，这样会使本段第四句更具体。如果反驳本段第一句则会使第四句很空洞）。 第五句：写一句话来解释、支持第四句。 结尾段总结 第一句：概括让步段自己不太倾向的观点，这句话也可以选择省略。 IV结尾段，写2-3句话 第二句：重申自己更倾向的观点（这句不能省略）。 最后一句：提出我们/政府/媒体/家长等应该怎么做的可行性建议，表明自己确实很关注辩论话题。Task2是主观性写作，是允许甚至鼓励在文章结尾提建议的，这一点从day8(下)的大量剑桥规范问中大家将会看得非常清楚（但请注意task1的客观性写作在结尾一般不提建议，请见Day9） ? 特别提示 结构只是一个整体框架，具体写作的时候是可以局部调整的。比如如果每个分论点后面可以想出不止一句的支持句，就完全可以多写几个支持句。分论点不要过多，否则像流水账。但是支持句是绝对不怕多的，如果时间够、想法够就尽量多写。不必追求深刻，符合生活常理就可以。请看Day8(上)的几篇高分范文，你会发现高分文章的支持句有时也幼稚得可笑，甚至有些意思是重复的，但是人家敢写。 4 Day7 经得起推敲的结构
Report 的详细结构表 本段写背景 第一句：介绍社会背景，这句话如果觉得累赘也完全可以不写。 I开头段 写2-4句 第二句：交待你这篇文章要分析的是哪一个话题。 第三句：强调一下这个问题正在引起人们的关注（这句也可以选择省略）。 第四句：说明这篇文章要分析这个现象的原因和解决方案（在Day8我们会通过范文来详细解释）。 分析现象的原因 第一句：说明本段要介绍的是现象的原因 第二句：写这种现象的第一个原因。 II第二段 写1+6句 第三句：写一句话来解释、支持这个原因。 第四句：写这种现象的第二个原因。 第五句：写一句话来解释、支持这个原因。 相应地写出第六句第三个原因和第七句第三个原因的支持句。 分析现象的解决方案： 第一句：说明本段要介绍的是现象的解决方案。 第二句：写这种现象的第一个解决方案 III第三段 写1+6句 第三句：写一句话来解释、支持这个方案。 第四句：写这种现象的第二个解决方案 第五句：写一句话来解释、支持这个方案。 相应地写出第六句第三个方案和第七句第三个方案的支持句。 5 Day7 经得起推敲的结构
结尾性总结 IV结尾句 写2句话 第一句：写这个现象的原因有很多。 第二句：概括地写一下我们应该通过哪几种措施来解决。
6 Day8 突破模板写作文与剑桥范文解构版
Day 8 （上）
（上）
A.
模板到底属于谁？
作文模板一直是引起很多关注的话题（it causes quite a stir.）。那么IELTS议论文到底要不要用模板呢？
我不是英语理论家（ARMCHAIR THERORIST）,从刚开始叫IELTS writing 到现在，我一直在进行第一线的实践。所以，我不喜欢跟学生讲空话（I loathr the hackneyed IELTS training spiey.）,而宁愿相信考场中的实战效果（the end justify the
means.）。其实，对于要不要用模板的问题，有必要浪费那么多的时间去说大道理进行讨论吗？只要问问马路边上晒太阳的阿婆们这个问题，她们肯定也能立刻告诉你：“用别人写的哪里会有自己写的好呢！”用别人的模板写当然不如自己原创的好，这根本就是浪费听众时间的话（gibberish）,有讨论的时间真还不如多练习几篇作文。
真正值得我们花时间去想清楚的是，如果不用模板那应该用什么？
某些培训教师就聪明在这里，他/她告诉你“模板很危险啊”，“用了肯定是低分啊”，然后就闭上嘴不说话了。这样的做法，只能让完全没有原创能力的那一部分学生陷入更大的恐慌中，因为还是不知道要怎么写作文，而原来想依靠模板的一点点希望也就破灭了。中文有句话叫“不破不立”（英文里也有myths should be dispelled before truths are revealed.）。而这些人只是说模板不好，自己却也拿不出好的方法，是“只破不立”（get their students thoroughly mystified）。
我的答案非常明确，如果不打算用模板，那么就请下苦功夫提高你的写作实力。这两者都可行，而且后者更好，因为提高实力不仅更安全，更万能，而且可以为今后的出国学习打好基础。但是在偷懒和勤奋之间是绝对没有第三条路的！
我一直接触的是真实的学生。真实考生的需求差异其实是很大的，甚至在同一个培训班里就有很大差别。学生的英文水平可以分成三类：
?有些学生其实只需要“帮助”。这部分人就是所谓的“大牛”（pros），比如长期使用英语工作的朋友或者英语成绩很出色的大学生，老师只要帮助他们/她们了解雅思写作的特点就可以了。对于这部分人，我的建议是：不仅不要被模板，而且连固定的写作套路都不需要准备，但是大牛们应该在考试之前多研究真题（本书附录D），并且控制时间多练习作文，再对比研究高分的范文（本章的下部分、本书附录A与附录B），而起附录G和附录I 也要深入体会。这样有十篇左右的文章下来，你就对雅思作文的要求非常熟悉了。
7 Day8 突破模板写作文与剑桥范文解构版
?还有些学生（semi-pros）需要“挽救”。这部分学生比较多，具有一定的英文基础，比如四级或者六级已经获得了可以接受的分数，但是对于英文写作却没有受过专门的指导，对academic writing有了很多的误解，老师需要挽救他们/她们回到正确的路上。这部分考生有一定的原创能力，但速度比较慢而且用词句的准确度不高。考虑到考场里1个小时两篇文章的写作速度要求和组织逻辑结构的实际挑战，这些学生最好能在考试之前多看一些高分范文，并且总结出一个真正适合自己写作水平的逻辑框架，然后在考前找出时间（其实一个小时左右就足够了）踏踏实实地坐下来，用自己的话认真地把这个逻辑框架用英文表达出来。如果有可能最好再请水平高的朋友改一改其中的词句。这样就可以确保使用的逻辑结构适合自己的水平，而且在考场里又能够把主要精力花在需要现场发挥的主体段论证部分的上面。
?还有些考生，完全是业余选手（rookies/amaters）,正处在水深火热中，需要“拯救”（salvation）。这部分同学基本从来就没有对英语发生过兴趣，一看见英文单词就困，甚至有些完全是因为自己的父母要求才决定出国的。对他们/她们来说，需要的是短时间内的速成，如果学的内容太高深他们/她们很可能会中途放弃。这部分考生的难点是完全没有原创能力，即使要求他们/她们自己原创也会出现极多的基础问题。
在day 8的(下)部分中，我会为第一和第二类读者深入分析雅思考官们的满分范文是怎么写出来的，还包括剑桥给出的7.5分的范文和8分的范文。更重要的是，针对这两部分读者群，在本书的附录A和附录B，将提供大量的原创范文。这些文章覆盖了雅思议论文的所有常见话题，而且没有任何一篇使用了模板。如果说共同点，唯一的共同点就是它们都有很强的说服力，看到结尾段阅读者一定会信服地同意文章所陈述的观点。通过这些文章的实例，我会像大家证明：对于已经具备了一定原创能力的读者，只要你愿意多花时间，多思考，愿意自己经常动笔，多总结，即使备考时间再短，也是完全可以脱离模板写出优秀的原创雅思作文的。
而本章的（上）部分，没有别的，只有模板，大量的模板。长期的教学实践告诉我，对于完全没有原创能力的第三类考生，用好的模板写出作文是比较“靠谱”（sensible）的方法，至少比让这些基础薄弱的苦孩子们到考场去原创雅思作文要“靠谱”。
?另外，其实用一个简单测试，就可以基本判断出你是否有必要在考前准备模板来写作文：
请一张纸，用英文翻译这一句话：“教师应该鼓励学生独立思考。” 你的翻译只要英文正确翻译就可以，不一定要100%和这个中文句子的意思一致。在本章的结尾，我会把我能想到的这句话所有的英文写法都列出来。如果你可以
8 Day8 突破模板写作文与剑桥范文解构版
基本正确地写出这句话的英文，那么建议你其实只要大致了解一下day8（上）的内容就好了，重点要看后面两节，特别是day8（下）。
可是如果你翻译的答案真的跟所有参考答案一点边儿都沾不上，那我还是建议你应该花时间好好研究一下今天的day 8(上)部分，认真掌握模板的逻辑关系，并确保自己填写的内容符合这个逻辑关系。
Argumentation辩论类系列模板 ? 辩论类模板A（完整版）
开头段4句，介绍北京并引出话题。
错误！未找到引用源。In the present age,…are playing significant roles in our lives（如果第一句写社会背景想介绍不好的现象也可以换成in the present age, the issue of … is increasingly disturbing）. ②But in the meantime(同时)，whether … （这里填辩论话题）has sparked much debate. （引发了很多争议）。③Some people assert （认为）that … while many others argue （认为）that… . ④personally, I am in favor of（支持）the former（前者）/the latter（后者）view.
提示:(a)第一句填写背景一定要扣题。如果想出的背景感觉离题太远，那么我们宁可不写背景一句。剑桥4~剑桥6后面的考官范文中有两篇是没有写背景的，但是所有写了背景的一定是最贴近原题的。如果选择第一句不写背景，那么第二句的前半句“but in the meantime,”就一起省略。（b）如果题目中并没有给出正反两方各自的观点，而只是给出了“一方认为……some people think…”,那么也可以把开头段第三句的后半段“while many others argue that…”省略。（c）相应地，如果题目只给出了一种观点，那么开头段第四句former/latter(前者/后者)的写法就可以换成自己对题目给出的这一种观点所持的态度（具有替换方法请参考下文“开头段第四句可能用到的句型②/③”）。
第二段写倾向的观点，三个分论点并且各写一句支持句。
①convincing arguments can be made that … （这句话的意思是“可以提出有说服力的证据来证明…….”,后面填写本段的观点）②to start with…(填第一个理由) ③therefore (因此)，…(写一句话支持，解释第二句)④moreover，…（第二个理由）⑤specifically（具体来说），…(支持第四句)⑥lastly, …（第三个理由）⑦in other words,…（换句话说，支持第六句）。
提示：第③、⑤、⑦句尽量写复杂句，用day5中提供的连接词。
9 Day8 突破模板写作文与剑桥范文解构版
第三段写不倾向的一方，先支持两句再反驳两句。
①Admittedly(我承认)，…（这句填你不太倾向的观点）②The reason for this is that…（写一句理由）③Obviously（显而易见），…（这句支持第二句）④Even so,…(尽管如此……后面填一条这种观点的不足之处) ⑤For instance…（例如……举例支持第四句）。
提示：第③、⑤句尽量写复杂句，用Day5讲的连接词。 结尾段。
①In summary, I would concede that…（我承认……概括让步段观点）②Despite that （尽管如此）,…（填你更倾向的观点）③Overall (整体来看)，I am convinced（我相信）that… should…（提出谁应该做什么，本质上就是结尾段最后提一个建议）。
提示：结尾段如果希望更乘法一些，也可以压缩成两句。
上面的这个模板是一个非常完整的框架，接下来的这些各不相同的模板，则更加灵活。其实模板本质就是一个逻辑框架，是提高写作速度和在考场里控制逻辑的工具，只要实用就好。
下面的这些模板的开头段都更加简洁，这样既可以进一步突出主体段的论证，又可以防止开头段绕圈子的效果，是Pat更推荐的风格。
? 辩论类模板B（B-G均为浓缩版）
开头段
①There has been much discussion revolving around the issue of whether… ②In this essay ,I will compare and contrast two typical opinions regarding this issue. 主体段1
①It is evidently reasonable for some to argue that…②To start with,…③This is mainly due to the fact…④Moreover, it is widely accepted that…⑤Plenty of evidence has shown that…，which in turn proves that…⑥An even more significant factor that should be taken into account is…⑦After all,…—that is to say,… 主体段2
①By contrast ,some others may claim that…②Apparently,…③For example,…
10 Day8 突破模板写作文与剑桥范文解构版
④Nonetheless, it should not be overlooked that…⑤Few can deny…,by which I
mean…
结尾段
①Having considered the respective merits of both views，I think…②Also, I would suggest…, which I believe is soundly based on the above reasoning I have presented.
? 辩论类模板C
①These days, public debate has been going on in my country over whether…②This essay will discuss both sides in this debate.
主体段1
①Some people tend to think that…②As far as I am concerned, this view may be based on the consideration that…③It is reasonable due to the fact…④Another argument that can be used to support their belief is…⑤For instance,…⑥Above all,…⑦obviously ,..⑧ In other words, ...
主体段2
①On the other side of the debate though, many individuals argue that…②The main reason for their view is obviously…③It seems true…;therefore,…④But I would say this does not sound very convincing since …⑤It is generally arguable that…,which suggests that…
结尾段
2More importantly, I am ①On the basis of the above factors, my conclusion is…○
convinced that…would be well-advised to…
辩论类模板D
开头段
①People are having a hard time reaching consensus on whether…②Some think that…③I will analyse their thought in detail in the following text.
主体段1
11 Day8 突破模板写作文与剑桥范文解构版
①The merits of their view are apparent .② It is very likely
that…③Otherwise, …④Moreover,…⑤Our own experience has revealed that...;thus,…⑥Even more importantly,…⑦And this, in turn ,shows that…
主体段2
①Those who feel that…might argue…②It seems…; therefore , …③However, I have to emphasise the fact that it is commonly believed today…④As a
consequence,…,which means…
结尾段
①So my conclusion is ,for the reasons I have given…②And my suggestion concerning this matter would be…should…
辩论类模板E
开头段
①People still have mixed views on whether…②I will analyse this issue in this essay.
主体段1
①Personally, I find it evident…②As we know,…③It is generally accepted
today…④Consequently,…⑤More importantly,…⑥Specifically,…,which also confirms the belief that…⑦A third point I would like to make in support of finding is…⑧This is best illustrated with the example of…⑨Thus, it can hardly be denied that…
主体段2
①Even so, I admit that it may be true…②After all,…③Even if…,…④Despite that,…⑤This is because…
结尾段
①In conclusion, I take the view that…②And I firmly believe…
辩论类模板F
开头段
Whether…is an issue that arouses controversy.
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主体段1
①It is understandable that some people think…②The main reason for this is…③Surely,…④Apart from that,…⑤Statistics have shown that…;therefore,…⑥In addition, it can be argued that…⑦Few can deny that…
主体段2
①But some other people would disagree. ②It may be true…, which means that…③However, it seems that…④Few can deny that…
结尾段
①For my part, after considering the arguments above, I feel that…②All in all, It
would be sensible to suggest that…
辩论类模板G
开头段
①Today, heated debate has been going on about whether…②I will explore two main arguments often heard in this controversy.
主体段1
①There are reasons for some people to believe that…②First of all, it seems that…③There is ample evidence suggesting that…, which
means…④Moreover,…⑤This can be best illustrated with the example of…; therefore,…⑥Lastly, …⑦By that I mean…
主体段2
①On the other hand, it is worth pointing out there are also arguments supporting the opinion that…②The main one may be…③It is evident that..; thus,…④Despite this, an apparent problem with this opinion is …⑤Consequently, we should not overlook the fact…
结尾段
①To conclude, regarding this issue, my own view is…②Also, I would argue that it seems highly advisable for… to…
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辩论类模板H
开头段
Concerning the issue of whether…, I tend to believe that… —for the following
reasons.
主体段1
The primary factor we need to take into consideration is that…Apparently,…As a consequence,…,which can be verified with the example of…
主体段2
Besides, it seems to me that …In general, … In other words,…Therefore,…
主体段3
A third reason for my belief is that…It is widely recognized that…, which means…
主体段4
I admit…; thus,…Despite that,… for which we can find plenty of evidence from our own experience.
结尾段
In conclusion, I would argue that…Accordingly, it would be generally advisable for…to…
辩论性模板I
开头段
Public concern has arisen about…I personally believe that…—for three reasons.
主体段1
To start off with,… Evidently, …;as a result, …This point can be confirmed by the example of…
主体段2
Also, it seems… In general,…;thus,… In other words,…
主体段3
Additionally, it is commonly accepted that…,which means… Specifically,…
14 Day8 突破模板写作文与剑桥范文解构版
结尾段
Therefore, overall I would argue that…Consequently, it would be wise for…to…,which,
I believe, is in the best interest of all parties involved.
另外，由于开头段是考生最容易出现相似写法的地方，所以pat在这里给大家多写了几个简洁的开头段，帮大家积极开阔思路，在领会每句话的作用之后，如果能够静下心来试着自己写出开头段就更好了。
Few issues have aroused more bitter controversy than the one of whether… The debate over whether…has been raging for quit some time in my country. An issue that has given rise to much debate is whether…
The issue of whether…has been an on-going debate for quite some time in China. Public debate about whether…has been growing in intensity. The issue of whether…has caused quit a stir. Whether…has been a highly debatable issue.
开头段同义词替换（注意词不是越大越好，适合你自己水平的就是最好的）
? 开头段第一句介绍背景还可能用到的不同写法：
在当代
In the present age = In this day and age =In present-day society = In contemporary society = Today = At present = In current society = In the contemporary world = Nowadays 众所周知
① It is generally (or widely /commonly /extensively / universally) believed that… ② It is generally (or widely /commonly /extensively / universally) accepted that… ③ It is generally arguable that… ④ We are all agreed that…
⑤ It is generally (or widely /commonly /extensively / universally) acknowledged
that…
⑥ It is a well-known fact that… ⑦ It is popular /common belief that…
越来越重要……
Plays an increasingly key (or crucial /essential /vitally important /significant /critical /indispensable) role in… 以惊人的速度向前发展……
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Is advancing at an amazing (or staggering /astonishing /meteoric /astounding
/drastic /rapid /accelerated /unprecedented) speed in present-day society 越来越流行
…is increasingly prevalent /popular in the contemporary world
彻底改变我们的生活
…has transformed = fundamentally changed = completely changed our lives (负面影响)……的问题越来越严重
The problem of… is becoming increasingly severe (or grave /serious /worring /disturbing /worrisome)
开头段第二句引出话题还可能用到的备选句型:
① But in the meantime , whether…has become a highly debatable issue.
② However , whether…has sparked (or aroused / given rise to /created /caused
/provoked /triggered) spirited (or heated) debate (or controversy)是否……这个问题不同的人持不同的看法。
③ But when it comes to (or with respect to /regarding /concerning /as for /when
asked about) whether…,people hold divergent (or contrasting /conflicting /contradictory / opposing /different)views.
④ Yet at the same time , people are divided over whether… ⑤ However , there is no consensus on whether…yet. ⑥ But meanwhile , whether…is an issue open to debate/
⑦ However , in the meanwhile whether constitutes a controversial issue.
开头段第三句转述原题的观点还可能用到的写法：
① 如果原题里给出两种观点要求你辩论
As far as I am concerned, I am in favor of the former (or latter) view. As for as I am concerned = To (or In) my mind = Form my own perspective. =Speaking for myself, I think…= Personally …= In my view,… In favor of = favor = support = incline towards = side with View = opinion = point of view = notion
② 如果原题里只有一种观点，你是主要支持的态度
Personally, I agree with their view , but I would qualify it to some extent (or somewhat).
Personally, I think their view has considerable merit.
16 Day8 突破模板写作文与剑桥范文解构版
Speaking for myself, I agree with their proposition , with certain qualifications. Personally , I sympathise with their view.
To my mind , the merits (or strengths /strong points) of their view outweigh (or
prevail over /outbalance) the （or demerits /weaknesses /weak points）. I can agree with their view , but with reservations. As I see it ,there is more to it than that.
Speaking for myself , I am of mixed opinions about this issue. ③ 如果原题里只有一种观点，你是主要反对的态度 Personally , I think their view is only partly true. Personally ,I find their view is only ill-founded. Personally , I think their view is specious at best.
Personally , I think their view overlooks important factors of this issue. I think their view is overly simplistic. I think their view is over generalized.
I find their view unconvincing (or unpersuasive /problematic /somewhat) untenable. I think their view amounts to an oversimplification.
第二段同义词替换 ? 第二段第一句还可能用到的词汇和句型： Compelling arguments can be made that…
Undeniably , … Indisputably , … On the one hand , it is arguable that… There is no denying that…
True , … It is manifest that… It is evident that… It is true that… It is apparent that… It is clear that… It is obvious that …
Clearly,… There is no doubt that… I find compelling the arguments that…
? 第二段还可能用到的表示首先、其次和最后的结构词汇：
17 Day8 突破模板写作文与剑桥范文解构版
首先 First Firstly To begin with
To start with For one thing
The first point with respect to this is that 其次 Second Secondly
In the second place Then Moreover Further Furthermore Besides For another 最后 Lastly Finally
Last but not least More importantly Above all Additionally
? 第二段第三句开头还可能用到的词汇： therefore hence
as a consequence
Thus Consequently as a result
? 第二段第五句开头还可能用到的词汇：
Specifically
More precisely
18 Day8 突破模板写作文与剑桥范文解构版
More exactly In other words By that I mean
This makes sense in that… As a matter of fact
…that is to say This is true in that… In fact It seems that…
(请注意如果用that is to say,那么需要把第六句和第七句之间的句号改成“—”号)
第三段同义词替换
? 第三段（让步段）第一句还可能用到的词汇和句型：
Admittedly(或者也可以写 It may be tempting to argue that…/Granted,…/On the
other hand, colorable arguments can be made that…/I admit that/ I concede that/I would agree that/I recognize that/I would acknowledge that/Surely,…/To be sure,…) ? 第三段（让步段）第二句还可能用到的词汇和句型： The reason is that… This is because…
The main reason for this is that… The fundamental reason for this is that.. This is due to the fact that…
This is reasonable to the extent that… This is valid insofar as…
This argument has considerable merit in that… ? 第三段（让步段）第三句还可能用到的词汇和句型: obviously clearly
It is manifest that Even so Nonetheless Still,
But closer examination would reveal that… But further analysis would make it clear that…
apparently evidently
Nevertheless However Despite that,
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Having said this,however,…
? 第三段（让步段）第五句还可能用到的词汇和句型： For instance
One illustration of this is…
For example A case/ in point is…
结尾段同义词替换
? 结尾段第一句开头还可能用到的词汇：
In summary/To sum up/In the final analysis/Based on all the arguments offered
above/On the basis of the above discussion/Having considered all the arguments above,/Personally…/Speaking for myself… Concede=admit=recongnise=acknowledge=agree ? 结尾段第二句开头还可能用到的词汇： Despite that However But Still
? 结尾段第三句开头还可能的词汇：
On balance/Overall/Therefore/accordingly/As a result/As a
consequence/Hence/Thus/For this reason/To conclude/In conclusion I am convinced that =I believe=I would assert that=I would conclude that
Nevertheless Yet Nonetheless Even so
(上)
B. IELTS议论文考场实战6步
（专门推荐给为写不完作文而纠结的“小白“们）
在战场上，士兵有了充足的武器装备，还要有聪明的战术才能让自己的装备发挥出最大的效能。在雅思写作考场上，到底如何实现又快又好地完成作文的既定的目标呢？下面的六步操作，是我为写作基础不太好的考生们制定的实战六步。大量环球雅思学生的考试实践已经证明，这六步在考试时确实能帮助学生用很快的速度写出有说服力的考试作文，要求只有一个，熟练，熟练，再熟练。
20 Day8 突破模板写作文与剑桥范文解构版
Step 1
看懂task2题目后，首先判断题目类型——是Argumentation,还是Report? Step 2
快速确定结构。 Argumentation四段式 I 2-4 II 1+6 III 1+4 IV 2-3 Step 3
用TM STREEC $ 想法出主体段的分论点。注意，我们追求的是素材（分论点）reasonable(合理)而不是profound(深刻)。雅思是一种语言能力测试，考的是写作基本功，它和GRE考试的思维能力测试有本质区别，即使剑桥1-7的雅思考官满分范文素材包也并不深刻，在本章的（下）部分我们会有实例说明。
Report四段式 I 2-4 II 1+6 III 1+6 IV 2 Step 4
快速回忆并使用考前准备好的逻辑框架。但是不需要逐句照搬，必要时完全可以根据题目灵活修改。
Step 5
主体段里论证时集中使用前面学过的Day3的136个必备词汇、Day5的六大类常用连接词和Day6的36个基础句型。需要考高分的同学还可以充分调动Day3的288个高分词汇、Day4的6种特殊句式、Day6的63个高分句型。注意支持句里尽量多使用一些常用连词（本质是更复杂的逻辑关系）。
Step 6
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ecosystem currently undermine overexploitation pivotal awareness give priority to staggering essential decade sustainable development n. adv. v. n. adj. n. adj. adj. n. 生态系统 现在 破坏 过度开采 关键的 意识 把……放在优先位置 惊人的 至关重要的 十年 可持续发展 international community preserve man do one’s utmost alternative transform v. n. v. n. v. 国际社会 保护 人类 尽最大努力 替代物 改变 Day 8 （中）
更具挑战性的一边倒作文怎样写？
（高分内容）
27 Day8 突破模板写作文与剑桥范文解构版
在Day 7中，我们已经详细地比较过一边倒和折中式写法的优劣。看起来折中式占了绝对优势：折中式更客观，而且正反两方面都论证肯定比一边倒式更容易写够字数，再有就是剑桥系列中剑4、剑5、剑6和剑7后面涂深灰色的考官满分范文无一例外地都是折中式。
但是，对于英文确实很好的考生来说，完全支持或者完全反对的一边倒文章还是可以写得很有说服力而且很充实的。今天专门给“大牛们”讲讲一边倒的写法（再次强调：对于英语基础比较一般的同学，因为一边倒文章的主体段对于每个分论点必须写出3句或者以上的支持句，人为地增加了难度系数，考场里是不是能搞定，那就得求上帝和佛祖同时保佑了）。
一边倒式的文章结构 段落 开头段 句数 2~4句 说明 （背景） +引出辩论话题 +（改写原题观点） +自己的态度， 其中，括号里面的两句可以省略 主体段1 1+3句 第一句是分论点1，后面三句都是本分论点的支持句 主体段2 1+3句 第一句是分论点2，后面三句都是本分论点的支持句 主体段3 1+3句 第一句是分论点3，后面三句都是本分论点的支持句 结尾段 下面这篇Pat自己创作的范文就是一边倒（完全支持）的实例：
题目：Some people think women should be allowed to join the army, the navy 2句 再次重申自己的态度+提出建议 and the air force just like men. Do you agree or disagree? 28 Day8 突破模板写作文与剑桥范文解构版
范文
Some individuals believe that the status quo should be changed and ladies
should be entitled to join the armed forces. I fundamentally agree with this belief-for
three reasons.
History has repeatedly shown that women are fully capable of performing well in the military. Historically, there were a host of valiant women soldiers whose achievements put their male counterparts to shame. One need only look at the classic examples of Joan of Arc and Mulan to see how ladies could excel on the
battlefield. In my observation, their determination, courage and dignity, to this day, are still being admired by male soldiers and civilians alike throughout the civilized world.
Further, from an enlightened standpoint, female patriots should be granted the equal right to go to the front line when their motherland is involved in a war. Admittedly, gender inequality was a highly controversial issue in the twentieth century. However, now ten years into the new millennium, women can learn and teach, work and supervise, vote and get voted in most countries just like men. In light of this sweeping progress in gender equality, there is really no sense in denying them the right to defend their home country when a war breaks out.
Lastly, common sense and our experiences as humans inform us that would-be servicewomen largely possess the capacity to operate modern weapons. Indeed, present-day weapons are best characterised by extensive automation. Granted, physical women are, on average, not as strong as men; nevertheless, it is an indisputable fact that most of them have the mental ability and the psychological well-being to operate the highly-automated arms that essentially do not require big biceps.
In sum, keeping military services out of bounds of women in the information age is unwarranted. And I have been convinced that it is in the best interest of a nation if ladies are also granted equal rights in this particular arena.
