浅析农村养老问题及对策
摘要：随着人民生活水平的逐年提升，人的平均寿命越来越长，根据全国
居家养老状况调查组委会提供的调查材料显示统计和预测，2013年底我国60岁以上老年人口已突破2亿大关，2025年将突破3亿，2034年将突破4亿，至2050年左右将达到峰值4.87亿，届时每三个人中就有一个老年人，目前我国是世界上唯一的老年人口超过1亿的国家。随着现代化的发展，大批农村剩余劳动力流入城市，农村地区出现了很多空巢老人现象。农村地区老年人在空巢现象加重、家庭地位发生转移、养老机构起不到良好作用的状况下，农村老年人的精神负担和生活负担越来越重，而相当一部分农村老年人的生活处于相对和绝对的贫困状态，养老问题面临着严重困境。不难想象，在新的世纪，农村养老问题将是我国最大的社会问题之一。本文分析了如今中国农村养老的概况，揭露了中国农村养老存在的一些突出问题，并归纳了养老的几种主要模式。以山西省侯马市上马办为例，论述了养老的现状、存在问题，探讨了农村养老难的主要原因,重点论述了解决农村养老问题的对策建议。
关键词: 农村 养老 老人
Brief Analysis on Rural Old-age Care and the
Countermeasures
——Shangma Office of Township, Houma County, Linfen City, Shanxi Province as an Example
Abstract：With the yearly increasing life standard, the average life span
of human beings is longer and longer. According to the statistics and forecasts provided by national organizing committee of home-based care service status, the old population over sixty has broken through two hundred million at the end of 2013, which will be over three hundred million in 2025, over four hundred million in 2034, and arrive at the peak number of four point eighty-seven hundred million in 2050 when almost one in three is an old man. China is the only country of which the population of the aged is over one hundred million at present. Large numbers of surplus rural labor begin to transfer to cities with the development of modernization, resulting in the appearance of many empty nesters. Under the circumstances of the continuously increasing empty nesters, the transference of family status, and the incomplete functions of the pension agencies, China is faced with many difficulties in solving rural old-age care problem. There exist much pressure of the aged villagers in both their spirits and lives, while quite a few aging people’s lives are in a relative or absolute status of poverty. It’s no wonder that the village retirement problem will become one of the most crucial social issues in the 21st century. This paper will analyze the general situation, disclose some
prominent problems of the rural old-age system in China nowadays, and thus induce several main modes of nursing the aged. Shangma Office of Township, Houma County, Linfen City, Shanxi Province is taken as an example to talk about the present status and existing problems of rural old-age care, explore main reasons for the difficulty of realization of perfect rural old-age system, and highlight the countermeasures of promoting the implementation of rural old-age care. Key words: village; old-age care; the age
目 录
目 录 ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 引 言 ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 一、我国农村养老的概况 ....................................................................................................................... 1
（一） 当前我国农村养老主要模式 ............................................................................................. 1 （二）当前我国农村养老的成效 ................................................................................................... 4 二、我国农村养老面临的问题---以山西省临汾市侯马市上马办为例 ............................................... 5
（一）当前侯马市上马办地区老年人的生活现状 ....................................................................... 5 （二）侯马市上马办地区农村养老折射出亟需解决的问题 ....................................................... 8 三、我国农村养老存在问题的主要原因 ............................................................................................... 9
（一）农村经济条件差 ................................................................................................................. 10 （二）尊老、养老氛围不浓厚、养老观念差 ............................................................................. 10 （三）农村养老保险制度存在弊端 .............................................................................................. 11 （四）农村医疗合作制度不完善 .................................................................................................. 11 四、我国农村养老问题的解决方法 ..................................................................................................... 12
（一）大力发展农村经济 ............................................................................................................. 12 （二）加强老龄宣传工作，营造敬老、爱老氛围 ..................................................................... 13 （三）完善农村养老保险制度 ..................................................................................................... 14 （四） 进一步健全农村医疗合作制度 ....................................................................................... 14 结语 ......................................................................................................................................................... 15 参考文献 ................................................................................................................................................. 15 致谢 ......................................................................................................................................................... 17
