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托福写作必备词汇（2009年暑）
1. 持某观点: claim ( assert, contend, reckon, deem, share the belief that )
2. 支持某观点/反对某观点: advocate (maintain, welcome, vote for, side with, be in favor of )
disagree(oppose, object to sth./doing sth., criticize, be against, cast doubt on,
question, challenge, contradict*, refute*) 综合写作常用
3. 关于：about, regarding, concerning, involving, as regards, relating to, with respect to, with regard to, with referrence to, with relation to, pertaining to
4. 合理的：justified in doing sth. (rational, reasonable, sensible, feasible, convincing)
5. 好处/弊端：advantage (benefit, merit, the positive(bright) side, upside, boon, strength )
disadvantage(harm, demerit, negative(dark) side, downside, bane, weakness defect, flaw, drawback )
6. 非常：very, much, quite, fairly, pretty, considerably, extraordinarily, remarkably, amazingly, astonishingly, suprisingly, extremely, unusually, notably, noticeable, impressively, shockingly, overwhelmingly, strikingly, awfully, exceedingly, dramatically, strongly.
7. 肯定/不确定：undoubtedly (indeed, undeniably, there is no denying/doubt that)
be likely to ( potentially, presumably)
8. 聪明的：clever, brilliant, smart, intelligent, wise, quick/sharp minded, bright, talented, gifted, quick-witted, advisable(不指人), ingenious.
9. 重要的：essential (significant, vital, crucial, critical, fundamental, indispensable, pivotal) TO
10. 有益/有害的：beneficial （conducive, instrumental, rewarding*(指活动)）TO
detrimental（harmful, virulent）TO
11. 著名的：famous, well-known, famed, noted, celebrated, renowned, eminent, bear/hold/enjoy a nation-wide/world-wide fame/name/recognition/celebrity/eminence /reputation, be widely recognized/ acknowledged.
12. 有争议的：controversial (arguable, debatable, disputable, contentious)
13. 普遍的：widespread ( prevalent, universal, pervasive, ubiquitous*)
14. 显著地：considerably (significantly, remarkably, dramatically , tremendously, substantially)
15. 明显的：evident (apparent, obvious, manifest, self-explainatory)
16. 增强：enhance (strengthen, boost)
17. 减少：decline (descend, collapse（价格、货币）, relieve, plumet(急剧地))
18. 大约：approximately（nearly, around, estimated, roughly）
19. 趋势：trend（tendency, inclination）
20. 预见：predict （expect, project*被动）The number of students going abroad is projected to fall.
21. 带来bring about (result in, lead to)
22. 引起create （spark , yield*产出收益, give rise to）
23. 建立establish （found, institute(体系、政策)）
24. 要求call for （request，demand）
25. 去除eliminate（remove, eradicate）
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26. 探讨explore (examine, probe into)
27. 描绘depict (portray, illustrate)
28. 后果consequence( aftermath不好的后果，创伤; outcome)
29. 足够adequate（enough; sufficient）will do
30. 解决tackle ( resolve, address)
31. 意识awareness(consciousness)
32. 控制regulate (curb, censor*(字典解释叫“审查”，其实就是“删减”的意思。))
33. 解释account for （be responsible for）说明某结果的原因
34. 投资finance (invest in, subsidize资助、补贴)
finance/invest in sth. ; invest some money in sth.
35. 缓解relieve人或物( ease事物, alleviate事物)
36. 压力stress ( pressure, strain)短语：stresses and strains
37. 和谐harmony ( concord*) no discord, no concord.
38. 继承inherit (hand down, pass down)
39. 培养cultivate （train, foster）
40. 促进promote ( contribute to, upgrade)
41. 适应to adapt oneself to (to adjust oneself to, to acclimate oneself to)
42. 提供provide/supply (render, afford), proffer(提供意见、解释)
To afford/offer/render/proffer sb. sth.
To provide/supply sb. with sth.
To provide sth. for sb.
To render/offer/afford/supply/proffer sth. to sb.
43. 替代replace (substitute, take the place of)
44. 保护preserve(环境，因为有维护保留的意思protect)
45. 证据evidence (proof)
46. 赢得gain (acquire, attain)
47. 国外的foreign(alien, exotic)
48. 灾难disaster (misfortune, catastrophe)
49. 发展advance (progress)
Advance发展并进步（动）advance进展（名）
50. 倾向于tend to ( be inclined to , be apt to)
51. 吸引attract (allure, tempt, intrigue)——alluring, tempting, intriguing.
52. 专注的be absorbed in(be immersed in, devote oneself to, concentrate on sth.)
53. 目的是aim at
Sb. aims at sth.(doing sth.)
Sth. is aimed at sth.(doing sth.)
54. 实现achieve (fulfill, implement)
55. 危害endanger ( threaten; jeopardize)
56. 损害undermine (impair, damage)
57. 阻碍hinder (obstruct, impede) from
58. 禁止forbid (ban, prohibit)
59. 责备blame( denounce, criticize)
60. 污染pollute (contaminate, stain（使变脏）)
61. 腐蚀erode(wear away, corrode)
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62. 欺骗deceive (cheat, defraud)
骗人：cheat sb. ; 骗人做某事：deceive sb. into doing sth. 骗人东西：defraud sb. of sth.
