捕捉“关键词”,巧答高考英语听力题

    高考听力测试是为了考查学生理解口头英语的能力，着重检测学生语言运用的能力，即考查学生获取信息和处理信息的能力。但听力材料中包含了大量的信息，如何从这些纷繁复杂的信息中快速提取有价值的信息呢？这就需要特别关注听力材料中的某些“关键词”。尽管很多听力材料比较冗长，情景相对复杂，但其中的“关键词”恰恰反映了整篇听力材料的“主旨”，因此解答听力题就是要正确捕捉“关键词”。
　　根据听力材料中“关键词”的差异，笔者把听力题分成了四类题：时间约会题、交易购物题、天气状况题、时事新闻题。
　　1．捕捉时间关键词，巧答时间约会题
　　此类题常见的一些时间关键词如下表所示：
　　例如：
　　Question: What time will the ship leave?
　　M: The ship leaves in twenty-five minutes.
　　W: Oh, it’s only six-forty now.
　　解析：现在是6：40，然后再向后推25分钟，即可得出答案是7：05。
　　这类听力题往往涉及到时间的计算问题，因此首先要掌握好以上表格所涉及的时间关键词的用法以及这些关键词之间的细微差别，然后通过适当的计算得到正确的答案。
　　2．捕捉金钱关键词，巧答交易购物题
　　常见的金钱类关键词如下表所示，
　　例如：Question: How much will the man save for what he is buying?
　　W: These toys are on special sale this week. They have been reduced by 5 dollars each.
　　M: All right. I’ll take two. Will you wrap them two for me?
　　解析：5乘2当然应该是10 dollars.
　　又如：Question: How much does the man pay for the sweater?
　　W: It’s…seventy-five dollars plus tax.
　　M: Hmm, since you like it so much, I can bring down the price by 10 percent.
　　解析：75 dollars 再减10%应该是67.5 dollars.
　　这类听力题往往也涉及到金钱的计算问题，因此首先要掌握好以上表格所涉及的时间关键词的用法以及这些关键词之间的细微差别，然后通过适当的计算得到正确的答案。
　　3．捕捉天气关键词，巧答天气状况题
　　常见的天气类关键词如下表所示，
　　例如：
　　①Question: What’s the weather like in Scotland in the morning?
　　A. cold but clearB. sunnyC. windy with rain
　　②In which place may there be ice on the road?
　　A. In northern EnglandB. In London C. In Scotland
　　③What’s the weather like in many places of Cardiff in the evening?
　　A. Cold and fogB. Snowy C. Rainy
　　④When will London be likely to have some sun?
　　A. Tomorrow afternoonB. This morning C. This afternoon
　　听力原文：
　　Very strong winds will bring rain to Scotland and most of northern England in the morning. These winds will die away during the afternoon to give a cold clear night and there may be ice on the roads in Scotland. The rest of England and Wales will have a dry day, and in London temperatures will be higher than normal at this time of year. The evening will be cold with fog in many places in Cardiff, but temperatures will not be low enough for ice to form.
　　Tomorrow will be a windy day with rain everywhere until around noon. In the afternoon the rain will clear from the southwest, bringing fine weather to many parts by the evening and there may be some sun in London. But temperatures will be low and the winds may bring some snow anywhere in the north and west before morning.