ËÄ¡¢Ç¿»¯¹¤×÷µÄÔðÈÎÒâʶ¡¢½øÈ¡Òâʶ¡¢·þÎñÒâʶ£¬¹¤×÷ÖÐ×öµ½Ì¤Ì¤ÊµÊµ¡¢ÈÏÕæ¸ºÔð¡¢¾«ÒæÇ󾫣¬ÒªÒԸ߶ȵÄÔðÈθÐ×ö×îºÃµÄ¹¤×÷£¬ÓÃ×îºÃµÄ·þÎñΪȺÖÚÅÅÓǽâÄÑ¡£Òª°´µ³Ô±Áìµ¼¸É²¿ÒªÇóÑÏÓÚÂɼº£¬Ê¼ÖÕ¼á³Ö¼á¶¨µÄÕþÖÎÁ¢³¡¡£ÒªÕ¾ÔÚÈ«¾ÖµÄ¸ß¶È˼¿¼ÎÊÌ⣬վÔÚ·¢Õ¹´ó¾ÖµÄ¸ß¶È˼¿¼¹¤×÷£¬»ý¼«´´Ð£¬Ê¹×Ô¼ºµÄ¹¤×÷¸üºÃµØÎª¾¼Ã·¢Õ¹·þÎñ¡£
Îå¡¢ÊǽøÒ»²½¸üйÛÄÊ÷Á¢ËĸöÒâʶ¡£ÒªÀιÌÊ÷Á¢ÕþÖÎÒâʶ¡¢´ó¾ÖÒâʶ¡¢ÖÐÐÄÒâʶ¡¢·þÎñÒâʶ£¬½øÒ»²½Âäʵ¿ÆÑ§·¢Õ¹¹ÛºÍÕýÈ·Õþ¼¨¹Û£¬ÔÚ¹¤×÷ÖÐÕ¹Ïָɲ¿Á¼ºÃµÄ¹¤×÷×÷·ç¡£
Áù¡¢´æÔÚµÄÖ÷ÒªÎÊÌâ
(Ò»)ÀíÂÛËØÑø»¹±È½Ïdz±¡¡£²Î¼Ó¹¤×÷ºó£¬Ö»×¢ÖØÑ§Ï°×¨ÒµÖªÊ¶£¬Ã»ÓÐϵͳµØÑ§Ï°¹ýÐÐÕþ¹ÜÀí£¬ÀíÂÛ¹¦µ×²»¹»Ôúʵ£¬Óë±¾Ö°¹¤×÷ÓйصÄÄÚÈÝѧϰ²»ÏµÍ³¡¢²»È«Ã棬¶ÔºÜ¶àÐÂÊÂÎï¡¢ÐÂ֪ʶѧϰҲ²»Í¸²»ÉÑо¿µÄ½ÏÉÙ£¬ÕÆÎյIJ»¹»ºÃ¡£ÖÂʹÀíÂÛËØÑøÓëʱ´úµÄÒªÇóÓвî¾à¡£
(¶þ)˼Ïë¹ÛÄîÈÔÐè½â·Å¡£Ö÷ÒªÊÇ˼Ïë¹ÛÄ²»¹»¿ª·Å¡£¹¤×÷ÉϷŲ»´ó¿ªÊֽţ¬Ë¼ÏëÉϲ»¹»´óµ¨£¬Âú×ãÓÚ°´ÕÕÁìµ¼ÒªÇó£¬×öºÃ±¾Ö°£¬Íê³ÉÈÎÎñ£¬È±·¦´´ÔìÐÔ¡¢¶À´´ÐԵĵã×Ó£¬¶ÔÈçºÎ´´ÔìÐԵĿªÕ¹¹¤×÷˼·²»¿í¡¢°ì·¨²»¶àµÈ¡£
Æß¡¢½ñºóŬÁ¦µÄ·½Ïò
ͨ¹ýѧϰ£¬ÎÒÈÏʶµ½£¬¸öÈËÔÚ¹¤×÷×÷·ç·½Ãæ´æÔÚµÄÎÊÌ⣬¾ö²»ÊÇСÊ£¬¾ø²»ÄܺöÊÓ¡£·ÖÎö×ÔÉí´æÔÚµÄÎÊÌ⣬×Ô¼º¾öÐÄ´ÓÒÔÏ·½Ãæ½øÐÐÕû¸Ä£º
1¡¢½øÒ»²½¼ÓÇ¿ÕþÖÎÒµÎñѧϰ£¬Ìá¸ß×ÔÉíËØÖÊ¡£¼á³ÖÀíÂÛÁªÏµÊµ¼Ê£¬ÊµÊÂÇóÊÇ£¬½â·Å˼Ïë¡£¼ÓÇ¿×ÔÉí˼Ïë¸ÄÔ죬Óëʱ¾ã½ø£¬¿ªÍØ´´Ð£¬Ç¿»¯ÎªÃñ·þÎñ¡¢ÎªÃñ·þÎñµÄ×ÚÖ¼¹ÛÄî¡£
2¡¢½øÒ»²½½â·Å˼Ï룬ÊÊÓ¦¹¤×÷ÐèÇó¡£ÓÃеÄ˼άȥ·¢ÏÖ¡¢½â¾ö¹¤×÷ÖÐÓöµ½µÄ¸÷ÖÖÎÊÌ⣬Òò´Ë£¬ÔÚ½ñºóµÄ¹¤×÷ÖУ¬½«ÒÔÑ§Ï°ÎªÔØÌ壬עÒâ˼ÏëµÄ½â·Å£¬¹ÛÄîµÄ´´Ð£¬²»¶Ï´´Ð¹¤×÷˼·ºÍ·½Ê½·½·¨£¬ÒÔÊÊÓ¦ÐÂʱÆÚ¹¤×÷µÄÐèÇó¡£
3¡¢¼ÓÇ¿×ÔÉí½¨É裬ÑϸñÒªÇó£¬×ÔÎÒ¼Óѹ¡£Ê¼ÖÕ±£³Ö»ý¼«ÏòÉÏ¡¢°ºÑï·Ü½øµÄ¾«Éñ״̬£¬×ÔÖØ×ÔÊ¡¡¢×Ô¾¯×ÔÀø£¬ÔÚ¹¤×÷ÖÐ×Ô¾õµØ·þ´Ó¡¢·þÎñÓÚ´ó¾Ö£¬×Ô¾õµØ°Ñ×Ô¼ºµÄ¹¤×÷ͬȺÖÚϵÆðÀ´£¬¼á³Ö¸ß±ê×¼¡¢ÑÏÒªÇó£¬Î§ÈÆÕâ´Î¹¤×÷×÷·çÕû¶Ù£¬Å¬Á¦×öºÃ±¾Ö°¹¤×÷£¬Ô²ÂúÍê³ÉÁìµ¼½»¸øµÄÈÎÎñ¡£
4¡¢Á®½à·î¹«£¬´ÓÑÏÂɼº£¬ÀιÌÊ÷Á¢ÎªÈËÃñ·þÎñµÄÈËÉú¹Û£¬µ±¡ÃûÀû£¬¿Ë¼º·î¹«¡£¹¤×÷ÉϸßÒªÇó£¬×Ô¾õÖ´ÐÐÓйع涨£¬Ê÷Á¢Á®½àÇÚÕþµÄÐÐÒµÐÎÏó£¬ÎªÕâ´Î¹¤×÷×÷·çÕû¶Ù×÷³öÓ¦ÓеűÏס£
µÚ4ƪ£º×÷·çÕûÖÎÐĵÃÌå»á
×÷·çÕûÖÎÐĵÃÌå»á
×÷·çÕûÖÎÐĵÃÌå»á
×÷·çÕûÖÎÐĵÃÌå»áÐÂÄêÒÁʼ£¬ÍòÏó¸üС£ÔÚÏØÎ¯µÄ×éÖ¯¶¯Ô±Ï£¬ÒÔ¡°×¥Ñ§Ï°¡¢×¥°à×Ó¡¢×¥×÷·ç¡¢±È¹±Ïס¢´Ù·¢Õ¹¡±ÎªÖ÷ÒªÄÚÈݵÄÖ÷Ìâʵ¼ù»î¶¯ÔÚÈ«ÏØ¸É²¿Ö°¹¤ÖÐÀ¿ªÁËá¡Ä»¡£ÎҾָɲ¿Ö°¹¤½ô½ôÎ§ÈÆ ¡°Èý×¥Ò»±ÈÒ»´Ù¡±Êµ¼ù»î¶¯µÄ¾ßÌåÒªÇó£¬×é֯ȫÌå¸É²¿Ö°¹¤½øÐÐѧϰ¡£ÔÚÈ«¾Öѧϰ¶¯Ô±´ó»áÉÏ£¬ÎÒ¾Ö°Ñ¿ªÕ¹¡°Èý×¥Ò»±ÈÒ»´Ù¡±Ö÷Ìâʵ¼ù»î¶¯×÷ΪÉîÈë¹á³¹Ê®Áù½ìÁùÖÐÈ«»á¾«ÉñºÍÊÐÏØµ³´ú»á¾«ÉñµÄÓÐÐ§ÔØÌ壬×ÅÁ¦½â¾öÐÂÐÎʽÏÂÎÒÏØË®Àû¹¤×÷ÖгöÏÖµÄÐÂÎÊÌâ¡¢ÐÂÇé¿ö¡£ÈÏÕæ°²ÅŲ¿ÊðÕâ´Îѧϰʵ¼ù»î¶¯£¬´ïµ½ÁËÍÆ¶¯¹¤×÷Âäʵ£¬×ª±ä»ú¹Øµ¥Î»×÷·ç¡¢Ìá¸ß¹¤×÷ЧÂÊ¡¢¼ÓÇ¿»ú¹Ø¼ÍÂÉ×÷·çÕû¶Ù¡¢Ìá¸ß-¸É²¿Ö°¹¤ÕûÌåËØÖʵÄÄ¿µÄ£¬Äý¾ÛÁ¦Á¿Ö®Ô´£¬´Ù½øÊµ¸ÉÐËÒµ£¬ÊµÏÖÎÒÏØË®Àû¹¤×÷¿ìËÙ¡¢ºÍ-г·¢Õ¹¡£
ÔÚÕâ´ÎѧϰÖУ¬×÷Ϊ¾Ö°à×Ó³ÉÔ±£¬ÎÒ¼¯ÖÐÀíÂÛѧϰÒÔ¼°¸öÈËÔÚ¹¤×÷ÖеÄʵ¼ùѧϰ£¬Éî¿ÌÌå»áµ½Ó¦¸ÃÇÐʵ¼ÓÇ¿×ÔÉíѧϰ£¬Ñø³ÉÁ¼ºÃµÄѧϰ¡¢¹¤×÷¡¢Éú»î×÷·ç£¬´øÍ·Ê÷Á¢Ë®Îñ¾Ö¹¤×÷µÄºÃÐÎÏó¡£ÎÒ½«½ô½ôÎ§ÈÆ¡°±È˼Ï룬¿´Ë¾õÎò¸ß;±Èѧϰ£¬¿´Ë½ø²½´ó;±ÈÒµÎñ£¬¿´ËÄÜÁ¦Ç¿;±È¹¤×÷£¬¿´Ë³É¼¨´ó;±È¼ÍÂÉ£¬¿´Ë×÷·çºÃ¡±£¬ÔÚ¹¤×÷ÖÐѧϰ£¬ÔÚѧϰÖй¤×÷£¬ÀíÂÛÁªÏµÊµ¼Ê£¬Å¬Á¦Ìá¸ß×Ô¼ºµÄÀíÂÛˮƽ£¬²¢ÇÒ×î´óÏ޶ȵÄÔËÓõ½Êµ¼Ê¹¤×÷ÖÐÈ¥¡£
Ò»¡¢¡°Èý×¥Ò»±ÈÒ»´Ù¡±Ö÷Ìâʵ¼ù»î¶¯µÄÖØÒªÒâÒå
´ËÏî»î¶¯¹ØÏµµ³µÄÐÎÏó£¬ÊÇÐÂʱÆÚµ³¶Ô¸É²¿µÄÒªÇó£¬ÊÇѧϰʵ¼ù¡°Èý¸ö´ú±í¡±ÖØÒªË¼ÏëµÄ¿Í¹ÛÐèÒª¡£Í¨¹ý¡°Èý×¥Ò»±ÈÒ»´Ù¡±Ö÷Ìâʵ¼ù»î¶¯£¬ÆÆ³ý¡°¹Ù±¾Î»¡±Òâʶ£¬¿ÉÒÔÊ÷Á¢ÕæÐÄΪÃñµÄ¸É²¿ÐÎÏó¡£ÕæÐÄΪ
Ãñ£¬ÊÇ¡°Èý¸ö´ú±í¡±ÖØÒªË¼ÏëµÄ±¾ÖÊ£¬ÊÇÎÒÃÇÒ»Çй¤×÷µÄ³ö·¢µãºÍÂä½Åµã¡£È˵ÄÒ»Éú²»¹ý¼¸Ê®Äêʱ¼ä£¬ÕæÕýÄܹ»Îªµ³ºÍÈËÃñ¸ÉµãʵÄʱ¼äÊǺÜÓÐÏ޵ģ¬Õäϧʱ¼ä£¬Õäϧ¸Úλ£¬ÎªÃñ¾¡Ôð¡¢Îª¹ú½ßÁ¦¡¢Îªµ³·ÖÓÇ¡£Ê÷Á¢ÍŽáÐ×÷µÄ¸É²¿ÐÎÏó¡£
¶þ¡¢Òª¼Óǿѧϰ£¬Ìá¸ßÀíÂÛËØÖÊ
±£³ÖÁìµ¼°à×Ó¼°µ³Ô±¸É²¿¶ÓÎéµÄ´¿½àÐÔ£¬Ê×ÏȼÓÇ¿ÕþÖÎÀíÂ۵ȷ½ÃæµÄѧϰ¡£ÈÏÕæÑ§Ï°ºÍÉî¿ÌÀí½âÿһ·Ýµ³ÕþÎļþµÄ¾«ÉñʵÖÊ£¬°ÑÎÕ¾«ÉñÒªµã£¬Ìá¸ßÀíÂÛËØÑøÓë˼ÏëÕþÖÎˮƽ¡£¼á³ÖÀíÂÛѧϰ£¬Ê÷Á¢ÕýÈ·µÄÕþÖÎÁ¢³¢¹ÛµãºÍ·½·¨£¬²»¶ÏÌá¸ßÕþÖÎÃôÈñÐÔ£¬ÔöÇ¿ÕþÖμø±ðÁ¦¡£ÔÚѧϰ·½·¨ÉÏ£¬Òª»ý¼«²Î¼ÓÎÒ¾Ö×éÖ¯µÄÕþÖÎÀíÂÛѧϰ£¬Í¬Ê±ÔÚ±£Ö¤Ñ§Ï°Ê±¼äÉÏ£¬Òª¼á³ÖÒµÓàʱ¼ä×ÔѧÓ뵥λ¼¯ÖÐѧϰ½áºÏÆðÀ´£¬Å¬Á¦×êÑÐÕþÖÎÀíÂÛ¡¢ÒµÎñÀíÂÛ£¬Ñ§Ï°¾¼Ã֪ʶ¡¢¿Æ¼¼ÖªÊ¶¡¢Àúʷ֪ʶ£¬º»Êµ»ù´¡£¬ÍØÕ¹ÊÓÒ°£¬¼á¶¨ÐÅÄÌá¸ßËØÖÊ¡£²»Ñ§Ï°£¬ÕþÖÎÉϾͲ»¿ÉÄܳÉÊ죬¾Í²»¿ÉÄÜ×Ô¾õ¸ÄÔì×Ô¼ºµÄÖ÷¹ÛÊÀ½ç¡£Í¨¹ýѧϰ£¬°´ÕÕÎÒ¾ÖÁìµ¼¹¤×÷²¿Êð£¬ÕÒ×¼¸÷×Ô¹¤×÷ÖдæÔڵIJî¾à£¬¶ÔÖ¢ÏÂÒ©£¬ÈñÒâ½øÈ¡£¬´´ÐÂ˼ά£¬²»¶ÏÍêÉÆ×ÔÉí¹¤×÷¡£Ö»ÓÐÈÏÕæÑ§Ï°£¬ÕæÕý¾ß±¸Âí¿Ë˼Ö÷Ò塢ëÔó¶«Ë¼Ïë¡¢µË-С-ƽÀíÂۺ͡°Èý¸ö´ú±í¡±ÖØÒªË¼ÏëÀíÂÛËØÑø£¬¼á¶¨¹²-²úÖ÷ÒåÀíÏ룬ŬÁ¦ÊµÏÖÈ«ÃæÐ¡¿µÉç»á£¬²ÅÄܹ»Á¢×㵱ǰ¡¢·ÅÑÛδÀ´£¬ÔöÇ¿ÂÄÐÐÀúÊ·ÔðÈεÄ×Ô¾õÐÔ£¬¼á¶¨ÕýÈ·µØ¹á³¹Ö´Ðе³µÄ»ù±¾Â·Ïߣ¬·½ÄÜÈ«ÐÄÈ«ÒâΪÈËÃñȺÖÚ·þÎñ¡£²»Ñ§Ï°ÐµÄ֪ʶ£¬¾ÍÒªÂäÎé¡£Ö»ÓÐÔúÔúʵʵ¼á³Öѧϰ£¬²ÅÄܲ»¶ÏµØµÃµ½Ìá¸ß¡£
Èý¡¢Ñ§Ï°ÒªÓë½â·Å˼ÏëÏ༯ºÏ¡£
˼ÏëÊÇÐж¯µÄÏȵ¼£¬Ë¼ÏëÓжàÔ¶£¬È˾ÍÄÜ×ß¶àÔ¶£¬Ë¼Ïë½â·ÅµÄ³Ì¶È¾ö¶¨Íƶ¯¹¤×÷µÄÁ¦¶È£¬¾ö¶¨¶ÔÍ⿪·ÅµÄ³Ì¶È£¬¾ö¶¨¾¼Ã·¢Õ¹µÄËÙ
¶È¡£Ë¼Ïë½â·Åÿ½øÒ»²½£¬¶¼ÄÜ´ò¿ª´´ÔìµÄԴȪ£¬¼¤·¢¾Þ´óµÄ»îÁ¦£¬Íƶ¯ÊÂÒµµÄ·¢Õ¹¡£¿ª×¥¡°Èý×¥Ò»±ÈÒ»´ÙÖ÷Ìâʵ¼ù»î¶¯£¬Òª°Ñ½â·Å˼Ïë·ÅÔÚÊ×룬¹á´©»î¶¯µÄÈ«¹ý³Ì£¬Í¨¹ýѧϰ¡¢Ñо¿¡¢Ì½Ë÷ºÍʵ¼ù£¬ÒÔÓÂÓÚ¿ªÍصľ«Éñ¡¢¸Òµ£·çÏյįÇÁ¦£¬Ä±´óÊ¡¢¸É´óÊ¡¢°ìʵÊ¡£´ÓÎÒÏØµ±Ç°¹¤×÷ʵ¼ÊÀ´¿´£¬½â·Å˼Ïë×î¸ù±¾µÄÊÇÒªÈ«Ãæ¹á³¹Âäʵ¿ÆÑ§·¢Õ¹¹Û£¬¼Ó¿ì½¨ÉèС¿µÉç»á£¬Å¬Á¦¹¹½¨ºÍ-гÉç»á£¬ÕâÊÇÎÒÃÇÏֽ׶νøÒ»²½½â·Å˼ÏëµÄÖ÷ÒªÈÎÎñ£¬Òª´òÆÆ´«Í³µÄ˼ά¶¨ÊÆ£¬Ê÷Á¢½â·Å˼Ï롢ʵÊÂÇóÊÇ¡¢Óëʱ¾ã½øµÄÀíÄ´òÆÆ·â±Õ±£ÊصÄÂäºó¹ÛÄ´´ÔìÁ¼ºÃµÄ·¢Õ¹»·¾³;´òÆÆ°²ÓÚÏÖ×´¡¢¹Ì²½×Ô·âµÄ˼Ïë¹ÛÄѧϰÐÂ֪ʶ£¬½ÓÊÜÐÂÊÂÎï¡£