专题六 非谓语动词常考点
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。解答非谓语动词的题目时，一定要解析句子结构，确定所设空是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，以及非谓语动词在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补)；找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动)；搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。
非谓语 功能 主动式 动名词 具有名词功能，常在句中作主语，宾语 表主动和正在进行， 常在句中作定语， 状语，宾补 表被动和已完成，常在句中作定语，状语，补语 表将来具体某一次，常在句中作主语，定语，状语，补语，宾语等 被动式 完成式 一般式 完成式 一般式 进行式 完成式 一般式 进行式 完成式 形式 doing being done having done/having been done doing having done done being done having been done to do/to be done to be doing to have done/to have been done 现在 分词 过去 分词 动词 不定式 1 动名词和不定式作主语
①如果表语是不定式，主语也是不定式；表语是动名词，主语也是动名词。如： To see is to believe.＝Seeing is believing. ②动名词作主语的句型。如：
It is no use/no good/useless doing sth.
It is a waste of time doing(也可用It is a waste of time to do) ③动词不定式和动名词的复合结构：
动词不定式的复合结构有两种：It is difficult/easy/possible/necessary/...for sb. to do sth.和It is kind/wise/foolish/considerate/...of sb. to do。
动名词的复合结构是由名词所有格或“物主代词＋动名词”构成。在口语和非正式语体中，只要不是作主语，动名词复合结构中的逻辑主语常采用名词通格或人称代词宾格。如：
His coming made me happy.
I can't imagine his/him living there alone.
④动名词被动式作主语(过去分词不可作主语)。如：
Being exposed to the sunlight for a long time does harm to your skin.
完成下列句子：
①It's foolish ____________________________(你相信他说的话)． ②It's impossible ____________________________(他做这样的事)． ③Do you mind ____________________________(我抽烟)? ④It's no use ____________________________(你和他争辩)． ⑤________(go) abroad is an honour to me. ⑥________(take) abroad is an honour to me.
⑦________(devote) to his work made him succeed.
2 动名词和不定式作宾语
①下面的动词要求用不定式作宾语： attempt(企图)，afford(负担得起)，demand(要求)，long(渴望)，desire(渴望)，expect，hope，wish，want，swear(发誓)，volunteer(自愿)，offer(提供)，fail(未能)，plan，care(关心，喜欢)，happen(碰巧)，prepare(准备)，learn(学习)，choose(选择)，hesitate(犹豫)，claim(要求)，promise，undertake(承接)，appear(似乎)，seek(寻觅)，refuse(拒绝)，decide(决定)，determine(决定)，manage(设法)，pretend(假装)，agree(同意)，bother(烦恼)，intend(想要)，wait(等待)
②下面的动词只能用动名词作宾语： acknowledge(承认)，admit(承认)，deny(否认)，mention(说到，讲到)，tolerate/stand/bear(忍受)，dislike(不喜欢)，advocate(提倡，主张)，appreciate(感激，欣赏)，avoid(避免)，enjoy(享受)，envy(嫉妒)，delay(延迟)，postpone(延迟，延期)，escape(逃跑，逃避)，excuse/pardon/forgive(原谅)，fancy(幻想，爱好)，imagine(想象)，favour(造成，偏爱)，mind(介意)，miss(错过)，finish(完成)，resist(抵抗)，risk(冒险)，involve(包含)，practise(实践)，suggest/advise/recommend(建议)，prevent(阻止)，keep(保持)，quit/abandon(放弃，停止)，understand(理解)，include(包括)
③后接动名词作宾语的动词短语和句型有：
have(no/much/some/...) difficulty/trouble/a hard time(in)，take pleasure in，spend time/money (in)，waste time(in)，be worth，be busy，feel like，be committed to
④to作为介词的短语有：
look forward to，pay attention to，object to＝be opposed to，be devoted to，stick to，come close to(差一点)，get down to(开始认真做)，get/be accustomed/used to(doing), lead to＝contribute to(sb. doing/being done)
⑤allow，permit，forbid，advise，recommend的用法： allow/permit/forbid/advise/recommend＋doing
allow/permit/forbid/advise/recommend＋sb.＋to do如： I don't allow smoking in my room. I don't allow him to smoke in my room.
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①We agreed ________(meet) here but so far she hasn't turned up yet. ②The discovery of the new evidence led to the thief ________(catch)． ③Janey pretended __________(write) when her mother came in.
④I can hardly imagine Peter ________(sail) across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. ⑤The doctor advised him ________(stop) smoking.
①forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事(此事未做)
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生) remember to do sth. 记得去做某事(未做) remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已做)
②stop to do 停止(某件事)，目的是去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事 go on to do 继续(去做另外一件事情) go on doing 继续(原先没有做完的事情)
③regret to do sth. 对要做的事感到遗憾(遗憾地要去做某事)
regret doing sth. 对过去做过的事或未做过的事感到后悔(后悔做过或未做过某事) ④try to do 努力、企图做
try doing 试验、试一试某种办法 ⑤mean to do (人)打算，有意要?? mean doing (物)意味着
⑥can't help (to) do sth. 不能帮助做某事 can't help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①Don't you remember ________(see) the man before?
②I regret ________(inform) you that the meeting has been cancelled. ③Let's try ________(do) the work some other way. ④I didn't mean ________(hurt) your feeling.
⑤I'm so busy that I can't help ________(clean) the house with you.
⑥After we finished our homework，we went on ________(review) the new lesson.
4 不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别
①不定式作表语，一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。
②如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。
③过去分词作表语，表示“感到，觉得”，现在分词作表语，表示“令人??”。此类词有：embarrass，excite，interest，delight，disappoint，encourage，inspire，please，puzzle，satisfy，surprise，worry，convince等。
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①His wish is ________(go) abroad.
②His hobby is________(collect) stamps.
③The most important thing is ________(negotiate) with them about the future of the plant. ④What he should do is ________(work) hard.
⑤He felt ________(embarrass)．
5 分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别
①下面的动词要求用不定式作宾补(动词＋宾语＋动词不定式)： ask(请，叫)，tell(告诉)，get(使，让)，prefer(喜欢，宁愿)，like(喜欢)，force(强迫)，press(迫使)，require(要求)，request(请求)，advise(劝告)，pray(请求)，remind(提醒)，beg(请求)，invite(吸引，邀请)，command(命令)，order(命令)，intend(想要，企图)，drive(驱赶)，train(训练)，cause(引起)，instruct(指示)，direct(指导)，warn(告诫)，enable(使能够)，need(需要)，urge(激励，力说)，inspire(鼓舞)，encourage(鼓励)，want(想要)，lead(引起，使得)，teach(教)，wish(希望)。
②感官动词，如：see，watch，observe，notice，look at，hear，listen to，feel等。感官动词后可接不带to的不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语。
使役动词have，make的用法(注意have作为“有”的用法)：使役动词have可接不带to的不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语；make后接不带to的不定式、过去分词、名词、形容词作宾语补足语。
③catch，find，get，leave，keep，set，send后接非谓语动词作宾语补足语。
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①I often hear him ________(sing) the song. I often hear the song________(sing)．
I heard him ________(sing) the song when I passed by. I heard the song ________(sing) when I passed by.
②I'm leaving for Beijing tomorrow. Do you have anything ________(take) to your son? I won't have you ________(talk) to him like that! I had him ________(repair) my bike. I had my bike ________(repair)．
You shouldn't have the light ________(burn) all the night. ③His letter left me ________(feel) pretty bad. He left the work________(unfinish)．
You can leave him ________(finish) the work. What she said set me ________(think)． The push sent him ________(fall) down.
6 分词和动词不定式作状语的区别
分词作状语，除表示伴随之外还表示时间、让步或条件。
动词不定式作状语时，除了表示目的，还表示结果、情感或心理状态原因。尤其注意表示特性的形容词(comfortable，difficult，easy等)后接的不定式要用主动形式表示被动意义。
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①________(turn) to the right，you will find the hospital. ②________(give) more time，I will finish the work.
③________(wait) for a bus，I met a friend of mine. ④He was excited ________(hear) the news.
⑤He did all he could ________(help) people in need. ⑥The place he referred to is hard ________(find)．
7 不定式和分词作定语的区别
不定式作定语，表示将来；现在分词作定语，表示正在发生或主动；过去分词作定语，表示过去或被动。
此外，在warning，ability，failure，determination，wish，decision等词后面用不定式作定语；不定式作定语还可用来修饰序数词、最高级或no，all，any等限定语。
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①The meeting________(hold) tomorrow is important. ②The meeting________(hold) now is important.
③The meeting ________(hold) yesterday was important.
8 现在分词与过去分词的区别
现在分词作定语、宾语补足语、状语时，与它所补充说明的名词之间是主动关系；而过去分词作定语、宾语补足语、状语时，与它所补充说明的名词之间是被动关系。
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①________(see) from the top of the hill，the people on the street look like ants. ________(see) the scene，the people on the street let out a cry of joy. ②The room________(face) south is our classroom. The room ________(paint) white is mine.
③When I returned，I found the door ________(lock)． When I returned，I found him ________(watch) TV.
9 “疑问词＋不定式”结构
疑问词who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语和宾语补足语。
用所给词的适当形式填空：
When________(start) has not been decided.
10 only to do，never to do，only doing
only to do意为“结果却”；
