● 通读整篇文章，把握整段语脉，理出文章的中心。
2016届十一学校高三英语阅读理解分类训练之四----七选五 ●根据标点符号确定有几个句子。
●除中心词、关键词外，将所有句子按意义分出层次，如果是承接、平列、层进关系，分析篇章结构，把握全篇文脉是阅读填空题解题的关键。英语的语篇通常是由句子和语则可分为两个或两个以上的层次，如果是解释、转折一般就可以一分为二。 段构成的。分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落，另一●再分析各层次之间的关系。 种是分析每一个段落内部的层次。构成语段的方式有两种，一是靠句际间意义的结合，二是●最后检查核对层次划分有无错误。如一篇文章或语段有几个句子单位，几个层次，特靠句际间的关联词，逻辑性插入语来连接，我们在分析语段层次时，可以借助句际间的连接别是长难句构成的语段层次是否明确。 词语作出判断，但最主要的还是要真正体会句际间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上 去发现断续点，理清层次，好文章的层次非常清晰，只要层层入手，才能真正理解文章。 七选五的解题策略：
1.理清句际间意义的关系 Sample 1
Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a better student in 文章的内容是根据各层各段的大意有机地组合而成，各个层次，各个段落之间不管怎样several ways. 71 Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying 错落有致，但它所表达的内容都是要围绕中心的，各句之间都有一定的语脉，从逻辑意义上for a test. Third, note-taking offers variety to your study time and helps you to hold your interest. 来看，语段的句际关系可分为并列、顺序、层递、转折、总分、解释、因果等关系。构成语 You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook or 段的各个句子之间有时可以包含一种以上的句际关系。 doing research for a report. 72 whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that note-taking is a selective process. 73 2.找出句子之间的连接性的词语 The following methods may work best for you. 文章的语句间的组合，除了从语句间的意义关系分析外，还可借助句子之间的连接性词 · Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it. 语来把握，因为连接性词语能表明这个语段句与句之间、层与层之间的基本关系是： · Carefully read the text and watch for words that can show main points and supporting facts. 承接关系（如so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result等）； · Write your notes in your own words. 并列关系（如first, second, third…;firstly, secondly, thirdly…; first, next, then…; in the first · 74 place, in the second place…; for one thing, for another thing…;to begin with, to conclude等）；
· Note any questions or ideas you may have about what was said or written. 转折关系（如however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, though, yet, in spite of, at any rate, in As you take notes, you may want to use your own shorthand(速记). When you do, be sure that any case, whoever, whatever on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, by you understand your symbols and that you use them all the time. 75 comparison, conversely, otherwise等）；
层递关系（如also, further, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, what’s A. Use words, not complete sentences. more, too, either, neither, not…but…, not only…but also等）。 B. There are three practical note-taking methods. C. You must write your notes on separate paper. Sample 2 D. Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later. 分析篇章结构，各段段落大意是帮助理解段落之间逻辑联系的关键。借助连词或相同句式体E. you will also want to develop your own method for taking notes. 会段落间或句子间的联系。 F. That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes. Children start out as natural scientists, eager to look into the world around them. Helping them G. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and enjoy science can be easy; there’s no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment. remember it. You only have to share your children’s curiosity. 71. G 72. E 73. F 74. A 75. D _____1_____ I once visited a classroom of seven-year-olds to talk about science as a job. The 这篇文章整体分为四个段落层次，每个段落均由几个语段构成相对独立地语义单位，各children asked me “textbook questions” about schooling, salary and whether I liked my job. When 段都围绕“Taking good notes”这样一个中心话题，形成了文章的线性结构；第一段讲述的是做I finished answering, we sat facing one another in silence. Finally I said, “Now that we’re finished 笔记是好学生在多方面的一项省时技巧，第二段讲述的是不管何时、用何种方法做笔记，都with your lists, do you have questions of your own about science?” 要有选择性的做记录，第三段讲述的是做笔记的最佳方法，第四段讲述的是要记住自己的速After a long pause, a boy raised his hand, “Have you ever seen a grasshopper (蚱蜢) eat? 记符号，这就形成了文章的层次结构，这对下一步的做题有了明确的整体方向。 When I try eating leaves like that, I get a stomachache. Why?” ____2_____
Secondly, give them time to think. Studies over the past 30 years have shown that, after asking
分析步骤： a question, adults typically wait only one second or less for an answer, no time for a child to think.
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When adults increase their “wait time” to three seconds or more, children give more logical, complete and creative answers.
Thirdly, watch your language. Once you have a child involved in a science discussion, don’t jump in with “That’s right” or “Very good”. _____3______ But in talking about science, quick praise can signal that discussion is over. Instead, keep things going by saying, “That’s interesting” or “I’d never thought of it that way before”, or coming up with more questions or ideas.
Never push a child to “Think”. _____4_____ What’s more, this can turn a conversation into a performance. The child will try to find the answer you want, in as few words as possible, so that he will be a smaller target for your disagreement.
_____5____ Real-life impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program. Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass, and they’ll understand why you want them to wash before dinner. Rather than saying that water evaporates (蒸发), set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop.
A. This began a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours. B. Lastly, show; don’t tell.
C. Curiosity is the key to scientific discoveries.
D. These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior. E. Firstly, listen to their questions. F. What a good question!
G. It doesn’t make sense, children are always thinking, without your telling them to. Key: EADGB Sample 3
研读七个选项，找出关键词；回归到文章包含关键词的段落，找出与选项中关键词一致或相关的句子再做出判断，尤其是前后句。
Whatever their jobs, working elephants need to learn certain skills, and that’s where mahouts（驯象人） come in. ____1______ The elephant may be about three years old, and the mahout could be a young teenager. Elephants can live until they’re 80, so a mahout and his elephant may spend all their lives together.
An elephant forms strong family bonds, and it forms those same close bonds with its trainer. The elephant comes quickly at the sound of its trainer’s voice and is more likely to answer his commands than those of anyone else. Mahouts often spend more time with their elephants than they do with their own children. _____2______
Elephant training is a lot of work. Techniques have been passed down in mahout families for generations. ______3______, but the basic routine is similar. To teach an elephant new commands, the mahout calls out the word or phrase over and over while encouraging the animal to perform a specific move. _____4_______ After a few months, an elephant can learn all the basic commands it will need to work in tourism. A more difficult job, such as logging（伐木）, can take years to perfect. Logging commands involve learning to knock down trees, wrap chains, and pull trees individually or in groups.
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Some old training techniques were cruel. Trainers poke (捅) the animals with sharp nails and hooks to force them to perform tasks (though kind actions followed cruel ones to encourage a positive relationship between the elephant and the mahout). _____5______ For example, instead of using a sharp object to force an elephant to raise its knee, trainers tie a huge rope around its leg, and a group of men then pull the rope to lift the knee.
A. Within only a few days, the elephant will recognize the word and respond immediately. B. Here are some examples to show how cruel the trainers were. C. Today, gentle actions replace those cruel ones.
D. Mahouts and elephants start training together when both are young.
E. The father mahouts often teach their sons the basic routine and commands. F. The words used as the commands vary from region to region G. It’s no wonder they become so close! Key: DGFAC Sample 4
学会找选项或上下文中的代词，通过分析代词代替的内容来判断选项。
Are you truly happy? Do you ever know what it means to be happy and what it takes to achieve happiness?__71___. The following are a few tips that I follow to create happiness in my life.
Make a plan for attaining goals that you believe will make you happy. Your moods will very likely increase if you are going after something you value.
Surround yourself with happy people. It is easy to begin to think negatively when you are surrounded by people who think that way. ___72___.
When something goes wrong, try to figure out a solution instead of being absorbed in self pity. Truly happy people don’t allow setbacks to affect their mood because they know that with a little thought they can turn the circumstances back to their favor.
__73_. These few minutes will give you the opportunity to focus on the positive things in your life and will lead you to continuous happiness.
74 . Whether you treat yourself to lunch, take a long, relaxing bath or simply spend a few extra minutes on your appearance, you will be subconsciously (下意识地) putting yourself in a better mood.
Finding the humor in situations can also lead to happiness. Find a way to make light of a situation that would otherwise make you happy.
Keeping healthy is another way to achieve happiness. 75 .
A．What makes one person happy may be very different from what makes someone else happy. B．On the contrary, if you are around people who are happy, their emotional state will be infectious. C．Being overweight or not eating nutritious foods can have a negative effect on your mood． D．These are important questions for anyone who is seeking happiness to ask themselves. E．Spend a few minutes each day thinking about the things that make you happy. F．There are some tips in life that lead to happiness.
G．It’s also important to take some time each day to do something nice for yourself.
Key: 71-75 DBEGC
训练一
____71____ One of the best things you can possibly do is to start you own club. It’s great fun especially if you are the sort of person who feels there’s never anything to do during the school holidays.
The first thing you need to come up with is an idea for your club. _____72_____ Pets, clothes, pop music or dancing groups, sports, making things? The list is endless.
Next you need some friends to be in your club with you. _____73_____ All you need is three or four other people who are interested in the same thing as you.
____74_____ You should all sit down somewhere together with lots of pieces of paper and write down every name you can think up. That’ll keep you busy for ages.
At your first meeting you should make up a rule book. And the first rule should be no grown-ups or little/big brothers or sisters! The best clubs are always secret!
Now you have just about everything you need, except membership cards. These are very important and again you can speed a lot of time making them._____ 75_____ Why not leave some space for a photo of yourself? That will make the membership card really look like it.
So there you are, get clubbing! Once you get started you’ll think of loads of more interesting things to do!
A. That’s easy. B. Enjoy your own club! C. Invite a designer to join you. D. What are you interest in?
E. Some vacation is just around the corner.
F. Then you need to pick a name for your club. G. Use a bright thick pen to make a special design. Key: 71.E 72. D 73. A 74. F 75. G
训练二
______16_______ People use money to buy food, furniture, books, bicycles and hundreds of other things they need or want. When they work, they usually get paid in money.
Most of the money today is made of metal or paper. _______17_______One of the first kinds of money was shells.
Shells were not the only things used as money. In China, cloth and knives were used. In the Philippine Islands, rice was used as money for a long time. Elephant tusks, monkey tails and salt were used as money in parts of Africa.
The first metal coins were made in China. They were round and had a square hole in the centre. _____18________
Different countries have used different metals and designs for their money. ______19________Sweden and Russia used copper (铜) to make their money. Later some countries began to make coins of gold and silver.
But even gold and silver were inconvenient if you had to buy something expensive. Again the Chinese thought of a way to improve money. _____20______The first paper money looked more like a note from one person to another than the paper money used today.
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Money has had an interesting history from the days of shell money until today. A. The first coins in England were made of tin (锡). B. But people used to use all kinds of things as money.
C. No one knows for certain when people began to use money.
D. People strung (串连) them together and carried them from place to place. E. Money, as we know, is all made of paper. F. They began to use paper money.
G. Today anyone will accept money in exchange for goods and services. Key：GBDAF
训练三
__71___ .Being angry doesn’t really solve much, but what people do when they feel angry is important. The goal is to calm down and try to solve what is bothering you. This is hard for some kids and adults, too. Instead of calming down, some kids might keep getting more and more upset until they explode like a volcano!
__72___ .Their anger might be so strong that they lose control of their temper. They may act in ways unacceptable and hurtful. People may say that someone has trouble controlling their temper.__73___
Some kids might get so angry that they scream at their parents, break something , or even worse , hit their brothers or sisters._74____ .However, it’s not OK for a kid to do any of those things .Kids don’t want to act in this way , but sometimes angry feelings can be hard to manage. So what to do?
Well, the good news is that kids don’t just have to keep making the same mistakes over and over again.__75___ .Imagine your temper as a puppy inside you that needs some training. The puppy is not bad ---- it will probably turn out a great dog. It just needs to learn some rules because, right now, that puppy is causing some problems to you.
A. You can train you temper.
B. You don’t want to cause trouble.
C. Kids should be allowed to express their feelings, even angry ones. D. Everybody gets angry sometimes.
E. In fact, they usually mean that a kid behaves badly when feeling angry. F. Instead of thinking of the person you’re angry with, think of something else. G. Some kids get angry more often or more easily than some other kids. 71-75 DGECA
训练四
What is your favourite colour? Do you like yellow, orange, red? ___71___ . Do you prefer
greys and blues? Then you are probably quiet, shy, and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know, because they have been seriously studying the meaning of colour preference, as well as the effect that colours have on human beings. ___72___ . If you happen to love brown, you did so, as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly.
___73___ . A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a
dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. ___74___ . A black bridge over the Thames River, near London, used to be the scene of more suicides than any other bridge in the area---until it was repainted green. The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply. Perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue.
___75___ . It is an established fact that factory workers work better, harder, and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey.
A. On the other hand, black is depressing.
B. They tell us, among other facts, that we do not choose our favourite colour as grow up
--- we are born with our preference.
C. The rooms are painted in different colours as you like.
D. If you do, you must be an optimist, a leader, an active person who enjoys life, people
and excitement.
E. Light and bright colours make people not only happier but more active. F. Life is like a picture or a poem, full of different colours. G. Colours do influence our moods---there is no doubt about it DBGAE
训练五
Before going outside in the morning, many of us check a window thermometer(温度计)for the temperature. This helps us decide what to wear. _______71______ . We want our food to be a certain coldness in the refrigerator. We want it a certain hotness in the oven. If we don’t feel well, we use a thermometer to see if we have a fever. We keep our rooms a certain warmth in the winter and a certain coolness in the summer.
Not all the thermometers use the same system to measure temperature. We use a system called the Fahrenheit scale. But most other countries use the Centigrade scale.
Both systems use the freezing and boiling points of water as their guide._____72_______ . The most common kind of thermometer is made with mercury(水银)inside a clear glass tube. As mercury (or any other liquid ) becomes hot, it expands. As it gets colder, it contracts(收缩). That is why on hot days the mercury line is high in the glass tube.______73______.
First. Take a clear glass juice bottle that has a cap; fill the bottle with coloured water. Tap a hole in the center of the cap using a hammer and thick nail. Put the cap on the jar. Then stick a plastic straw(吸管) through the nail hole.
_______74____________.
Finally. Place a white card on the outside of the bottle and behind the straw. Now you can see the water lever easily.
_______75___________.
As the temperature goes down, the water will contract, and the lever in the straw will come down. Perhaps you will want to keep a record of the water lever in the straw each morning for a week. A. We use and depend on thermometers to measure the temperature of many other things in our daily lives. B. Thermometers measure temperature, by using materials that change in the same way
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when they are heated or cooled.
C. Now that you know this rule you can make a thermometer of your own that will work. D. The water will rise in the straw. As the temperature of the air goes up, the water will expand and rise even higher. E. They label these in different ways. On the Fahrenheit scale water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212 degrees. On the Celsius scale water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100degrees. F. Take wax (you may use an old candle if you have one) and melt some of it right where the straw is struck into the cap to seal(把..粘住) them together. G. People use thermometers which are made by themselves when travelling around the world.
Key：AECFD
训练六
Early one morning, more than a hundred years ago, an American inventor called Elias
Howe finally fell asleep. He had been working all night on the design of a sewing machine but he had run into a very difficult problem: It seemed impossible to get the thread to run smoothly around the needle.
_____1_____ He turned and turned. Then he had a dream. He dreamt that he had been
caught by terrible savages whose king wanted to kill him and eat him unless he could build a perfect sewing machine. When he tried to do so, Howe ran into the same problem as before. The thread kept getting caught around the needle. _____2______ They came up towards him with their spears raised. But suddenly the inventor noticed something. _____3______The inventor awoke from the dream, realizing that he had just found the answer to the problem. Instead of trying to get the thread to run around the needle, he should make it run through a small hole in the center of the needle. This was the simple idea that finally made Howe design and build the first really practiced sewing machine.
____4_____ Thomas Edison, the inventor of the electric light, said his best ideas came
into him in dreams. So did the great physicist Albert Einstein. Charlotte Bronte also drew in her dreams in writing Jane Eyre.
To know the value of dreams, you have to understand what happens when you are asleep.
Even then, a part of your mind is still working. This unconscious, but still active part understands your experiences and goes to work on the problems you have had during the day. _____5______ It is only when you fall asleep that this part of the brain can send messages to the part you use when you are awake. However, the unconscious part acts in a special way. It uses strange images which the conscious part may not understand at first. This is why dreams are sometimes called “secret messages to ourselves”.
A. The king flew into the cage and ordered his soldiers to kill Howe.
B. Only the hardworking people possess this useful and helpful part of mind. C. So the soldiers were ordered to go to help him. D. There was a hole in the tip of each spear. E. Though he was tired, Howe slept badly.
F. It stores all sorts of information that you may have forgotten or never have really noticed. G. Elias Howe was not the only one in finding the answer to his problem in this way. Key: EADGF
