empirical research. By now the President and his staff must be aware that the wage gap statistic has been demolished. This is not the first time the Washington Post has alerted the White House to the error. Why continue to use it? One possibility is that they have been taken in by the apologetics of groups like the National Organization for Women and the American Association of University Women. In its 2007 Behind the Pay Gap report, the AAUW admits that most of the gap in earnings is explained by choices. But this admission is qualified: ―Women‘s personal choices are similarly fraught with inequities,‖ says the AAUW. It speaks of women being ―pigeonholed‖ into ―pink-collar‖ jobs in health and education. According to NOW, powerful sexist stereotypes ―steer‖ women and men ―toward different education, training, and career paths.‖
“Much of the wage gap can be explained away by simply taking account of college majors. In the pursuit of happiness, men and women appear to take different paths.‖
Have these groups noticed that American women are now among the most educated, autonomous, opportunity-rich women in history? Why not respect their choices? For the past few decades, untold millions of state and federal dollars have been devoted to recruiting young women into engineering and computer technology. It hasn‘t worked. The percent of degrees awarded to women in fields like computer science and engineering has either stagnated or significantly decreased since 2000. (According to Department of Education data, in 2000, women earned 19 percent of engineering BA‘s, and 28 percent in computer science; by 2011, only 17 percent of engineering degrees were awarded to females, and the percent of female computer science degrees had dropped to 18.) All evidence suggests that though young women have the talent for engineering and computer science, their interest tends to lie elsewhere. To say that these women remain helplessly in thrall to sexist stereotypes, and manipulated into life choices by forces beyond their control, is divorced from reality—and demeaning to boot. If a woman wants to be a teacher rather than a miner, or a veterinarian rather than a petroleum engineer, more power to her.
The White House should stop using women‘s choices to construct a false claim about social inequality that is poisoning our gender debates. And if the President is truly persuaded that statistical pay disparities indicate invidious discrimination, then he should address the wage gap in his own backyard. Female staff at the White House earn 88 cents on the dollar compared to men. Is there a White House war on women?
奥巴马总统重复了虚假的性别工资差距的统计在他的国情咨文。―今天，‖他说，―女性约占一半的劳动力。但他们仍然使每一美元77美分，收入的人。这是错误的，并在2014，这是一个尴尬的。‖
什么是错的，尴尬的是，美国总统背诵大量名誉扫地的话。23美分的性别工资差距是所有男人和女人的全职工作的平均收入之间的差异。它没有考虑到不同的位置，职业，教育，工作经验，或每周的工作时间。当所有这些相关因素的考虑，工资差距缩小至约五美分。没有人知道如果五美分是导致歧视或其他一些微妙的，难以衡量的男性与女性工人之间的差异。在核对事实，对欧盟国家的华盛顿邮报柱，包括总统提到其可疑的索赔清单工资差距。―这显然是一个工资差距，但差异在男性和女性……生命的选择难以进行简单的比较。‖
考虑，例如，如何男性和女性不同，英语专业的学生。这里是一个列表（PDF）的十个最有利可图的专业由乔治城大学教育和劳动力中心编制。绝大多数男人比女人多在他们之中只有一个： 1。石油工程：男87% 2。药房药学科学管理：男48% 3。数学与计算机科学：男67% 4。男88%：航空航天工程 5。化工：男72% 6。电气工程：男89% 7。船舶与海洋工程：男97% 8。工程机械：男90% 9。冶金工程：男83% 10。矿业工程师：男性90%
这是10最有利可图的专业女性为九的十： 1。咨询心理学：74%的女性 2。幼儿教育：97%的女性 3。神学和宗教职业女性：34% 4。人类服务和社区组织：81%的女性 5。社会工作：88%的女性 6。戏剧与剧场艺术：60%的女性 7。艺术工作室：66%的女性
8。沟通障碍科学和服务：94%的女性 9。视觉艺术和表演艺术：77%的女性 10。健康和医学预科课程：55%的女性
大部分的工资差距可以通过简单的以大学专业帐户来解释。儿童早期教育工作者和社会工作者可以挣得36000美元和39000美元，分别。相比之下，石油工程和冶金度承诺的120000美元和80000美元的收入中位数。不是很多有抱负的儿童早期教育工作者将改变方向一旦他们知道他们可以更多的冶金矿山赚。性别，作为一个群体，有点不同。女性，远远超过男性，似乎被吸引到工作在护理专业；而男性更容易在人的自由区出现。在追求幸福的过程中，男性和女性似乎走不同的路线。
但这里是神秘的。这些和其他就业差异的喜好和工作家庭选择已经被广泛的研究在最近几年，现在在一个山区的实证研究证明。现在，总统和他的工作人员必须意识到工资差距的统计已经拆除。这不是第一次华盛顿邮报惊动了白宫的错误。为什么继续使用它？一种可能性是，他们已经被像全国妇女组织和美国大学妇女协会组护。在2007后面的工资差距的报告，美国承认大部分的收入差距的解释是选择。但这种接纳合格：―妇女的个人选择也同样充满了不公平，说：‖美国。它说的是女人被―束之高阁‖到―粉领‖健康教育工作。根据现在，强大的性别刻板印象‖转向―男女‖对不同的教育，培训，和职业生涯。‖
―大部分的工资差距可以通过简单的以大学专业帐户来解释。在追求幸福的过程中，男性和女性似乎走不同的路线。‖
这些组注意到，现在美国妇女受教育程度最高的，自主的，在历史机遇的有钱的女人？为什么不尊重他们的选择？在过去的几十年里，无数的州和联邦美元一直致力于招募年轻女性进入工程和计算机技术。它没有奏效。授予女性喜欢的计算机科学和工程领域度率停滞不前或由于显著降低2000。（根据教育部的数据，在2000，女性的收入百分之19巴的工程，计算机科学，百分之28；2011，只有百分之17的工程学位的我们
Passage Eight
Until she went back to school at the age of 38, Christine didn‘t know what she wanted in life, or just how capable she was. A former model, she had limited workforce skills. So although she was working hard, her chances of finding a good job were very small. ―I had no other training, so when I retired from modeling, I didn‘t have many job options.‖ College wasn‘t an option- she wasn‘t even thinking about furthering herself by sitting in a classroom. ―I wasn‘t really interested in my high school classes. I wanted to get away from home and travel.‖ She did just that. Through modeling, she lived in New York, Los Angeles and the major cities of Europe.
A combination of moves helped Christine get her life back on track. She met her husband, married and had a baby. And she changed her environment with a move from party-town Los Angeles to Florida. That was an especially good move-because in Florida she went into recovery, and a friend talked her into going to college. ―She told me I owed it to
myself and that I could do it. She wouldn‘t listen to me. She even got the application for me, sat me down and helped me fill it in!‖ With this help and the encouragement of her husband, Christine took the plunge.
In 1991, she signed up for a full-time associate‘s degree program at St.Petersburg Junior College, even though she was also taking family responsibilities. ―But I was really lucky-again. On my first day at St.Peter‘s I met a female classmate who introduced me to a fantastic women‘s support group on campus: WOW (Women on the Way). We had our own lounge where we could study, get advice, get help with child care services, or just get away from it all. I don‘t know what I would have done without them!‖
By now, Christine had a good idea of what she wanted to accomplish. Exactly 20 years after graduating from high school and now in recovery herself, she decided she wanted to help others find their way through life productively, meeting their full potential. This time, unlike her high school days, she had a reason to apply herself to her studies. And despite a heavy schedule, heavy commute, a young child and a husband working out of state, she still found the time to get involved in campus activities.
The combination of direction, encouragement and personal effort was magical. Not only did Christine get an associate degree in Human Services, but she also graduated with top honors-and newfound self-esteem. ―I can‘t begin to tell you what a wonderful experience college was for me. I was involved, I was helping, I was achieving, and I had such support from my husband, my friends, my instructors and my fellow classmates. I had never felt so good about myself or my purpose in life. And I finally recognized my college education as a personal achievement no one can ever take away from me.‖
That‘s not to say there weren‘t any doubts. Christine thought she was finished with school once she had her associate degree. But another one of those helpful friends intervened yet again. With a little push, Christine found her way into the admissions office of the University of Tampa, seeking financial aid to pursue a bachelor‘s degree. Her Junior College grades and leadership abilities helped it. After another two years of full-time school, part-time jobs and full-time motherhood, Christine got her bachelor‘s degree in Social Work from the University of Tampa.
Since she was already working in the field of her choice-helping people –did she really need this degree? Maybe not. But Christine wanted the challenge, and she cherished the growth in self-confidence and depth of awareness her additional studies provided.
Since she was already working in the field of her choice- helping people- did she really need this degree? Maybe not. But Christine wanted the challenge, and she cherished the growth in the self- confidence and depth of awareness her additional studies provided.
After graduation in 1955, she went even further to gain credentials from the State of Flor
ida as a Certified Addiction Professional. She‘s also a member of the Florida Counseling Association and is an Internationally Certified Alcohol and Drug Abuse Counselor. She‘s now providing counseling services, intervention and treatment over the Internet. She is also doing individual and group counseling in her community.
What is Christine‘s advice for others thinking about returning to school? Don‘t worry about how you‘re going to do it. Well, you can do it. How? You just do whatever it takes. You put one foot in front of the other. Junior college is an ideal place to start. They know how to deal with non-traditional students from the many walks of life. Your classmates are similar to you in age and experience, so everyone helps each other. In my experience, the administration and the instructors were very supportive and always encouraging. When you are in school, work hard and get involved, stay focused, and don‘t give up! There‘s always an opportunity for you. You owe it to yourself to take advantage of it. It‘s never impossible and, as in recovery, it is never too late. Most of all-as Christine‘s own change from social butterfly to social worker bears out-if you persist: once a goal, then a reality.
直到她回到38岁从学校，她不知道她想要的生活，或者只是如何能她。前模特，她有限的劳动力技能。虽然她很努力，她找到一份好工作的机会很小。―我没有其他的训练，所以当我退休的时候从建模，我没有选择，许多工作。―大学是不是一种选择，她甚至不想推动自己坐在教室里。―我不在我的高中的课程很感兴趣。我想离开家，旅行。―她就是这样做的。通过建模，她住在纽约，洛杉矶和欧洲的主要城市。
一个举措帮助克里斯汀让她的生活回到正轨。她遇到了她的丈夫，结婚，生了一个孩子。她改变了她的环境，从洛杉矶到佛罗里达州党镇。那是一个特别好的移动，因为在佛罗里达州，她走进恢复，和一个朋友劝她去上大学。―她告诉我，我认为自己和我可以做的。她不会听我的。尽管她有了我的申请，我坐下，并帮我填写！―这帮助和鼓励她的丈夫，她毅然。
1991，她报名参加了圣彼得堡大学全日制副学士学位课程，虽然她也以家庭责任。―可是我真的很幸运了。我在圣彼得的第一天我遇见谁给我介绍了一个奇妙的妇女支持小组对校园女同学：哇（对女性）。我们有自己的休息室，我们可以研究，得到建议，可以帮助儿童保健服务，或是摆脱这一切。我不知道我会做没有他们！―
现在，克莉斯汀她想做一个好主意。高中毕业，现在在恢复自己整整20年之后，她决定要帮助别人找到他们的生活方式有效率，满足他们的全部潜力。这个时候，不像她的高中时代，她有理由将自己的研究。尽管工作繁重，繁重的交通，一个年轻的孩子和丈夫的工作状态，她仍然有时间参与校园活动。
相结合的方向发展，鼓励和个人的努力是神奇的。不仅人类服务Christine得到学士学位，但她还获得最高荣誉和新发现的自尊。―我无法告诉你一个美妙的体验大学是我的。我参与，我帮助，我实现了，我从我的丈夫，我的朋友们的支持，
