C. take away all protective materials D. keep small children off the spot 61. According to the text, it’s safer to _______.
A. on the highway instead of on hills B. push the user from behind at the start C. have at least 4 passengers
D. wear loose clothes while using the vehicle 62. Where can you probably find the text?
A. An officialreport. B. A popular magazine. C. A physics textbook. D. A product handbook.
(C)
Foreseeing a time when a patient’s own cells may be harvested, multiplied, and fashioned into a replacement organ, researchers in Boston have successfully transplanted laboratory grown bladders (肾) into six dogs.
For a century, physicians have replaced diseased or damaged bladders by removing sections of a person’s intestines (肠子) and shaping them into a substitute bladder. While the procedure offers some relief to patients, complications often develop because nature designs intestinal tissue for a purpose—absorbing nutrients—other than holding waste liquid of the body. “You start absorbing stuff that should be removed,” says Anthony Atala of the Children’s Hospital in Boston.
Other physicians have turned to human-made materials to create artificial bladders, but those efforts have also run into problems. Consequently, to build a better bladder, Atala and his colleagues decided to employ the organ’s own cells.
To turn the cells into an organ, the researchers first form plastic which can break down naturally into bladder-shaped shell. They then coat its outside and inside with layers of cells needed.
To test this strategy, Atala’s group obtained bladder tissue from dogs and grew it into organs. After removing the dogs’ bladders, the investigators implanted(移植) the artificial ones coming from the dogs’ own cells. Within a month, the organs began to perform like normal bladders.
Within three months, the plastic shells had broken down naturally, and the implanted organs were hard to distinguish from natural ones. Blood vessels(血管) quickly grew into them. Moreover, nerves seem to form proper connections with the new organs, allowing the dogs to regain normal control of their bladders. Some dogs have had the artificial bladders for nearly a year without any problems.
While the bladders of dogs closely resemble those of people, Atala warns that more testing of this transplant strategy must occur before artificial bladders are ready for the clinic.
63. The traditional method of shaping parts of intestines into a substitute bladder _______. A. allows the patient to absorb useless things B. brings the patient a lot of sufferings
C. prevents the patient from absorbing nutrients
D. worsens both the function of the intestines and the bladder 64. The artificial bladders implanted in dogs _______. A. worked perfectly as long as three months
B. began to work as well as a normal one in a few weeks C. proved to be able to work for several years D. did not work properly until after a month
65. Why is it suggested that more testing should be made? A. What suits dogs’ bladders will also suit human bladders. B. Dogs’ bladders can be implanted into human bodies. C. Human bladders may well be different from dogs.
D. Artificial bladders grown in dogs can be used for human beings.
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66. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. The way of turning intestines into bladders. B. The prospect of manufacturing plastic bladders. C. The history of making artificial bladders.
D. The possibility of making bladders from their own cells. Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. There is no need for you to care about others’ criticism. A. There is no need for you to care about others’ criticism B. If your decisions are solid and you firmly believe in them, you won’t allow anyone to change your mind. C. In many cases, we already know a lot of what people are saying to us. D. You may come to realize that they have a good view of things and are right. E. Bear in mind that you should never criticize others. F. If someone is pointing out your mistakes, use it to your advantage. Criticisms in life Criticism can be divided into two types.
The first type is when someone expresses their disapproval. This is the type of criticism that can be the most hurtful. Parents might express their disapproval of your choice in career, friends or lifestyle. People may criticize how you dress or the way you act. It can be terribly unpleasant to tolerate(容忍) it.
The second type of criticism involves pointing out your weaknesses and mistakes. No one is perfect, yet many imperfect people seem to find it extremely easy to “let us know” when we mess up. 67 And the fact that they are telling us what we already know makes it much more annoying. When people express their disapproval of some area of your life you first need to consider how you feel about it. You need to be secure in who you are and the decisions that you make. 68 Remember that there is a difference between being firm in your choices and being stubborn(固执的). Don’t be stubborn. Be mature enough to truly hear what they are saying, even if you don’t agree with it at first. 69 If not, just let it go and trust that they meant well, but what they were saying is not for you. Don’t be mad at them.
70 Improving yourself works best if you can see yourself from different angles. Other people have different views on what you are doing and can help you. If you are one of those people who just want to learn the hard way, try listening to some advice for a change. It might do you some good.
IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
How to deal with Whiners(抱怨不停的人) ? There are always some people radiating negativity in the work place. For them, the temperature is never right, the boss is always a fool, the canteen food is awful, and they are always treated unfairly.
Career experts say such habitual complainers are highly contagious(会蔓延的) and that their attitude can easily affect an entire team in a company. “While some complaints might be reasonable, others are taken from thin air. You need to see between these different types and adopt the right strategy towards each,” said Li Ling, HR manager at Wal-Mart (China).
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It’s especially hard to deal with complaints at work because you can’t just walk away or put your colleagues’ words out of mind. If you do, it will hurt your co-workers and you might be isolated. In a team-based company you belong to a group and need to behave accordingly. But don’t show too much sympathy. Listening passively to others’ complaints could damage your image and give others the impression that you agree with them. “Listen to the whiners actively,” says HR Li. “Help them find a solution, or see if there are ways to improve the situation.”
Zhai Min, 24, a software engineer at Kingdee International Software Group in Shenzhen, found that 3 elderly workers liked to complain about everything, from extended working hours to cheap hotels on business trips. “I let them talk about their opinions,” she said, “They feel better when they can tell someone how they want things to be.”
But listening actively is far from enough. Wang Dianxue, 27, is an Internet engineer at Beijing Push Marcom Group. His co-workers always complain that their computer systems are not working properly. “I ask about the specifics and work together with them to fix everything technically.” he said.
HR managers believe that when staffs complain, it is more a matter of recognition than an actual problem. “The real problem is that the whiners don’t feel they are being taken seriously,” said Xu Jun, HR manager at Guangqi Honda Automobile Co., Ltd. “When you attentively give them advice or perspectives, the problem usually disappears.” V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1. 他很少意识到与别人交流的重要性。(Seldom…)
2. 组委会的决定是由 Mary 代替 Kitty 去参加歌唱比赛。(substitute) 3. 我听说成人仪式在下周举行后，立刻将消息告诉了同学们。(On…)
4. 研究指出，过分溺爱孩子会不知不觉地造成孩子的坏脾气，甚至缺乏自理能力。(even)
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2017 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（1 月份） （暨 2017 年上海市普通高校春季招生统一考试）
上海英语模拟 I 卷 答案要点及评分标准
1. C 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. D 6. B7. D 8. D 9. B 10. A 11. B 12. A 13. A 14. C 15. B 16. C 17. B 18. C 19. A
21. but 22. Despite 23. at 24. Another 25. was covered 26. that 27. because 28. laid 29. which 30. hitting 31. F 32. C 33. K 34. I 35. E 36. A 37. D 38. J 39. B 40. G
41. B 42. C43. A 44. C 45. C 46. A47. A48. D 49. B50. C 51. D 52. B 53. A 54. C55. B 56. A 57. C 58. B 59. C 60. D 61. A62. D63. A64. B65. C66. D 67. C68. B69. D 70. F
There are several ways to deal with whiners at workplace. First, listen to the whiners actively, help them find a solution or see if there are ways to improve the situation. Second, ask about the specifics and work together with them to fix the problems. Third, make the whiners feel they are taken seriously. (54 words)
1.Seldom does he realize the importance of communicating with others.
2.The committee’s decision is to substitute Mary for Kitty to take part in the singing competition. 3. On hearing that the adult ceremony would be held next week, I told it to my classmates at once. 4. The study points out that spoiling children too much may unconsciously cause their bad temper, even the lack of ability to be independent.
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