Managing People and Organization
F84T 34
Outcome 3
Content
1.0 introduction ---1
2.0 The main roles and activities of a manager and their application ---1 2.1 The main roles and activities of a manager ---1 2.2 The application of activities of a manager --- 2
3.0 Likert’s System theory on leadership and its application ---3 3.1 Likert’s System Theory on leadership ---3 3.2 The application of the theory ---5
4.0 The theories of leadership and their applications ---5 4.1 The Tannenbaum and Schmidt theory of leadership ---5 4.2 The Bass Theory of leadership --6 4.3 The applications of the Theories ---7
5.0 The measures to assess managerial performance and their applications
---7 5.1 Two measures to assess managerial performance ---8 5.2 The applications of the measures ---8 Reference ---9
1.0 Introduction
This outcome covers the feathers of managerial work and the role and importance of leadership and different theories of leadership in management.And an transformational leadership theory improve the manager to work.Shangri-La Hotel apply these theories to improve staff work efficiency and develop the Company
2.0 The main roles and activities of a manager and their application
To achieve their goals and values, employees need managers to lead them, so managers play many roles to help employees achieve their goals and values.
2.1 The main roles and activities of a manager
Henry Mintzberg identified 10 management roles and grouped them into 3 categories.
The interpersonal roles are mainly related to people both inside and outside the organization,including a figurehead, leader, liaison.
Leader is directing and managing the performance of his employees.In Shangri-La Hotel,Ailsa is a leader which directed and managed her staff’s work.
The Informational roles are that involve receiving, searching for, acquiring and disseminating information including monitor, disseminator and spokesperson. Monitor usually ask contacts and subordinates to collect information through various internal affairs,external affairs and analysis reports.For example,Ailsa usually visited
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other company to collect external information and listen to the Antonio’s report about the hotel’s internal information.
The decisional role s are concerning decision making and managing changes.The four decisional roles include resource allocator, disturbance handler, negotiator and entrepreneur.
Resource allocator is responsible for assigning responsibility within the organization.In Shangri-La Hotel, Craig also insisted that only Saskia and he should have the authority to sign for the meat and vegetables deliveries.
The main activities of a manager can be described as following based on Fayol’s Theory.
Henri Fayol’s managerial activities
Forecasting:According to the existing resources and personnel as well as the external environment,we can achieve some goals and get the results we want.
Planing is to explore the future and develop a programme of action.
Organizing is the dual structure of building the material and society of an enterprise. Commanding is a kind of leadership art that enables employees to realize their potential.
Coordinating is the mobilization of all fores that can be combined to achieve organizational goals,so that all the work of the enterprise is harmonious and compatible.
Controlling is to check the conformity of the work of an enterprise in accordance with the programme established,with the aim of correcting shorting and errors in the work in a timely manner and avoiding recipism.
2.2 The application of activities of a manager
Fayol’s theory has also been well used in Shangri-La Hotel.
Forecasting:Ailsa and her employees visited large companies who she knew were intending to visiting Glasgow.So Ailsa could make predictions about the development of Hotel.
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Planing:Ailsa made planing and action plans for the Hotel development. Organizing:Ailsa recruited a team of receptionists, cleaning staff and other professionals to operate normally.
Commanding:Craig He personally prepared the menu for the restaurant,and allocated specific tasks to the waits and kitchen staff.
Coordinating:Ailsa coordinates Craig and his kitchen staff and Antonio’s team numbers to achieve Hotel’s development goals.
Controlling:Craig also insisted that only Saskia and he should have the authority to sign the meat and vegetable deliveries.
3.0 Likert’s System theory on leadership and its application People-oriented is widely recognized as a way of management, Likert summed up and popularized this way to obtain this now has a great impact on the Likert’s System Theory.
3.1 Likert’s System Theory on leadership
Likert’s management systems are management styles developed by Rensis Likert in the 1960s.He outlined four systems of management to describe the
relationship,involvement,and roles of managers and subordinates in industrial settings.
There are four styles of Likert’s System Theory.
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Exploitive authoritative:Exploitive authoritative is executives issued instructions, no subordinates involved in decision making.
The manager who is Exploitive authoritative is not trust their employees,and they motivate their employees by fear,threats and punishment.They have little interaction and distrust with their staff.
Benevolent authoritative:Benevolent authoritative is asking for subordinate some ideas and opinions, and allow the certain decisions awarded subordinates, but strict policy to control them.
The leader belongs to benevolent authoritative can trust servant.They usually use rewards and punishment to motivate their worker.The leader has little interaction and always is cautious about their staff.
Consultative system:Consultative system is managers in making decisions for some advice, and adopt the subordinate.
The manager leadership style is Consultative system.They are substantial but Incomplete trust their woker. Their motivate methods are rewards,punishment and some involvement.They have moderate interaction with their employees.
Group participative system:Group participative system is encouraging at all levels to make decision, or to leaders and their subordinates together as a group engaged in the activities.
The manager leadership is group participative system.They are completely trust their employees.Their motivate methods are based on participation.And They are friendly and would like to have Extensive Interaction with their staff.
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3.2 The application of the theory
In Shangri-La Hotel,Craig’ s leadership is Benevolent authoritative.Craig is not completely trust his staff.When the staff offered suggestion on how to deal with these problems,Craig insisted that all things depend on his ways.So Craig had little interaction with their kitchen staff and waiters.Besides Craig always provided free drinks for the team to motivate their employees.
Alisa’s leadership is Consultative system.Ailsa had some trust for their employees.Ailsa was aware that Antonio was capable of running the hotel in her absent.And Ailsa had moderate interaction with their employees.She usually talk Antonio about the Hotel’ s customer service.Ailsa motivated their staff by reward.She would increase their salary when learners opted to take up full-time employment with the hotel.
4.0 The theories of leadership and their applications
Leadership is about the ability of a person or an organisation to supervise or mentor other inpiduals, teams, or the entire organisation.
4.1 The Tannenbaum and Schmidt theory of leadership
In 1938,Tannenbanm and Schmidt put forward the leadership continuum theory for different leadership behaviors, which believes that leadership behaviors are a continuous whole from the task-oriented leadership centered on superiors to the relationship-oriented leadership centered on subordinates.
Continuum of leadership behavior
Tannenbanm and Scmidtt(1958)
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As can be seen from the above, from Tells to Joins, the rights of managers decrease successively and the freedom of employees increases gradually.
Tells is the way a manager orders and command people what to do.In this case, managers have the most power and employees have the least freedom.
Sells is the way a manager persuade the employee to do thing.In this way, the managers also have the most power and employees have the little freedom. Consults is the way a manager ask the employee some specific situation about the work.And the manager had a certain amount of power, the employee had some freedom to do something.
Joints is the manager participate the team’s work and let employees make their own suggestions.In this case ,the manager had the least power and employee had the most freedom.
4.2 The Bass Theory of leadership
The Bass theory of leadership is based on the concept that level to which a leader is transformational.Bass originally said that leaders can transform the life of followers by altering their perceptions,aspirations,exceptions,values,and so forth.Qualities within the leader her or himself are behind the changes.The leader
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7 demonstrates,communications,and does whatever it does to get the audience see a vision and exhort them to do things.
A leader can make a positive difference in a person’s life and Bass Transformational Leadership Theory may be a solution in various cases.Besides, Bass theory can enable employees to have more freedom and thus improve their work efficiency.
4.3 The applications of the Theories
Craig apply Tells of Tannenbaum and Schmidt theory of leadership.He usually
allocated specific tasks to the waiters and kitchen staff.Craig can have the most power in this way,so the employee have less freedom.If Craig can adopt employee’s
suggestion and Ailsa advice,the kitchen management will be easy to do.
Craig can manage the employees because they trust and respect he.In this case, the employees can gain many benefits. He usually provided free drinks for their
employees.
5.0 The measures to assess managerial performance and their applications
hip
It is very important to evaluate the management performance.If there is no timely evaluation, it will have an impact on the company's performance.There are two ways to evaluate management.They are development programmers and staff development.
5.1 Two measures to assess managerial performance
Staff Development
One of the tools utilized to develop staff is training. The benefits to the organization of effective training and development are higher quality staff, with greater commitment to the organization and improved customer service. The benefits to the inpidual of effective training and development are increased motivation, development abilities, talents and skills.
Development programmer
Staff development programme may take many forms and can include student sponsorship whereby an undergraduate attends university by their future with and an agreement to join them when they complete their studies.
5.2 The applications of the measures
In Shangri-La Hotel,Ailsa and their employees concentrated on increasing business by visiting large company.The manager send their employees to training so they can learn skills that are appropriate for the growth of the company and improve themselves.So,this is Staff development.
And Ailsa had close links with the local college who ran hospitality courses,and would often take on learns who were studying there as part-time staff.On completing their studies,many of these learns opted to take up full-time employment with the hotel.So this is the Development programmer.
6.0 Reference
1.（SQA 2013)/ Managing people and Organizations (four
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edition)/Beijing/China Modern Economic Publishing House p161
2.（SQA 2013)/ Managing people and Organizations (four
edition)/Beijing/China Modern Economic Publishing House p167
3.（SQA 2013)/ Managing people and Organizations (four
edition)/Beijing/China Modern Economic Publishing House p169
4.（SQA 2013)/ Managing people and Organizations (four
edition)/Beijing/China Modern Economic Publishing House p175
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